建筑楼梯在2008年汶川大地震中的震害分析
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摘要
2008年汶川大地震中,不同结构类型建筑的楼梯发生了不同程度的破坏,其中框架结构的楼梯破坏最严重。文中分析了砌体结构、框架结构、框剪结构的楼梯破坏原因。表明楼梯实际上参与了主体结构抗震,在整体结构中起着斜撑的作用,为限制结构层间位移作出了贡献,与目前的结构分析软件不考虑楼梯参与主体抗震作用,仅将其作为荷载加到主体结构上的计算假定和结果完全不同。为减小楼梯间参与主体结构抗震产生的震害,文中提出了在楼梯间增设附加小柱的设计方案,并采取柔性连接,使楼梯与主体结构分离开来,并经有限元对比计算,发现附加小柱时楼梯间地震剪力和弯矩大大减小。
some stairways or staircases were destroyed in Wenchuan earthquakes.The damage was commonly caused in stairway beam,stairway slab,the connection of stairway flight and rest platform,and the stairs beam-column joint of masonry or frame or frame-shear wall building.In design,the contribution of stairway to earthquake-resistance was neglected,but in fact,the staircase acts as inclined brace in whole structure,which will resist the lateral deflection of main structure.In order to reduce the negative influence of the interactive effect between main structural and stairway,the scheme of staircase with added small column and soft connection was put forward,which will separate the staircase from the main structure.The moment and shear of stair with added small column will be decreased according to the ETABS calculating result.
some stairways or staircases were destroyed in Wenchuan earthquakes.The damage was commonly caused in stairway beam,stairway slab,the connection of stairway flight and rest platform,and the stairs beam-column joint of masonry or frame or frame-shear wall building.In design,the contribution of stairway to earthquake-resistance was neglected,but in fact,the staircase acts as inclined brace in whole structure,which will resist the lateral deflection of main structure.In order to reduce the negative influence of the interactive effect between main structural and stairway,the scheme of staircase with added small column and soft connection was put forward,which will separate the staircase from the main structure.The moment and shear of stair with added small column will be decreased according to the ETABS calculating result.
引文
[1]沈蒲生,梁兴文.混凝土结构设计[M].3版,北京:高等教育出版社,2007.
[2]王翠坤,杨沈.汶川地震对建筑结构设计的启示[J].震灾防御技术,20083,(3):230-236.
[3]《汶川地震建筑震害调查与灾后重建分析报告》编委会.汶川地震建筑震害调查与灾后重建分析报告[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008.
[4]清华大学,西南交通大学,北京交通大学土木学院土木结构专家组.汶川地震建筑震害分析[J].建筑结构学报,20082,9(4):1-9.
[5]胡庆昌.钢筋混凝土结构楼梯间与楼梯的震害及设计建议[J].建筑结构,20053,5(11):31-32.
[6]王威,周颖,梁兴文,等.砌体结构在2008汶川大地震中的震害经验[J].地震工程与工程振动,2010,31(1):60-68.
[7]王威,薛建阳,章红梅,等.框架结构在汶川5.12大地震中的震害分析及抗震启示[J].世界地震工程,20092,5(4):133-137.
[8]《地震工程与工程振动》杂志社.汶川8.0级地震工程震害概览[J].地震工程与工程振动2,008,28(S):27-58.
[9]清华大学等.汶川地震建筑震害分析及设计对策[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社2,009.
[10]中华钢结构论坛[EB/OL].http://okok.org/forum.
[2]王翠坤,杨沈.汶川地震对建筑结构设计的启示[J].震灾防御技术,20083,(3):230-236.
[3]《汶川地震建筑震害调查与灾后重建分析报告》编委会.汶川地震建筑震害调查与灾后重建分析报告[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008.
[4]清华大学,西南交通大学,北京交通大学土木学院土木结构专家组.汶川地震建筑震害分析[J].建筑结构学报,20082,9(4):1-9.
[5]胡庆昌.钢筋混凝土结构楼梯间与楼梯的震害及设计建议[J].建筑结构,20053,5(11):31-32.
[6]王威,周颖,梁兴文,等.砌体结构在2008汶川大地震中的震害经验[J].地震工程与工程振动,2010,31(1):60-68.
[7]王威,薛建阳,章红梅,等.框架结构在汶川5.12大地震中的震害分析及抗震启示[J].世界地震工程,20092,5(4):133-137.
[8]《地震工程与工程振动》杂志社.汶川8.0级地震工程震害概览[J].地震工程与工程振动2,008,28(S):27-58.
[9]清华大学等.汶川地震建筑震害分析及设计对策[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社2,009.
[10]中华钢结构论坛[EB/OL].http://okok.org/forum.
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