采用射线追踪法的天然气水合物海底地震观测系统设计
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摘要
射线追踪法是以建立的地下地质模型为基础,研究不同的激发点发出的射线经地下地质界面反射后可以被接收到的信息,从而了解不同的观测系统对于特定地质条件地震资料采集的效果,对于海上地震采集相关参数的确定十分关键。在天然气水合物地震勘探中,丰富的多波勘探信息对于查清水合物内部速度结构、提高地层的分辨率具有重要意义。本文在分析国外天然气水合物海底地震仪(OBS,ocean bottom seismometer)勘探的应用成果基础上,采用射线追踪法理论计算和海上实验,实现了针对天然气水合物的海底地震观测系统设计,试验获得了转换横波记录,取得了良好的应用效果。
Ray tracing method of basing on the subsurface geology model is very important for defining some parameters during marine seismic exploration.The signal reflected from underground interface can be directly viewed when different emission locations are chosen.Thus the effect of different seismic survey geometry on seismic data acquisition can be under-stood.It is also very significant for using multi-waves both to reveal the internal velocity structure of gas hydrates ores and enhance the resolution of gas hydrates bearing formations.By analyzing the application of ocean bottom seismometers(OBS) on the gas hydrate exploration abroad,the method of ray tracing was introduced on the layout design of OBS in this paper;PS wave was recorded in the sea test,which gives satisfied application result.
Ray tracing method of basing on the subsurface geology model is very important for defining some parameters during marine seismic exploration.The signal reflected from underground interface can be directly viewed when different emission locations are chosen.Thus the effect of different seismic survey geometry on seismic data acquisition can be under-stood.It is also very significant for using multi-waves both to reveal the internal velocity structure of gas hydrates ores and enhance the resolution of gas hydrates bearing formations.By analyzing the application of ocean bottom seismometers(OBS) on the gas hydrate exploration abroad,the method of ray tracing was introduced on the layout design of OBS in this paper;PS wave was recorded in the sea test,which gives satisfied application result.
引文
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[2]PEREYRAET V,LEE W H K,KELLER H B.Solving two-point seismic ray-tracing problems in heterogeneous medium,Part 1,a general adaptive finite difference me-thod[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,1980,70:79?9.
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[4]VOLKER A W F.Analysis and optimization of 3D seismic acquisition geometries by focal beams[C]//Expanded Ab-stracts of 70th SEG Mtg,Calgary,Canada:American Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2000.http://www.3dsymsam.nl/doku.php?id=publications:publications.
[5]狄帮让,王长春,顾培成,等.三维观测系统优化设计的双聚焦方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(5):463?471.
[6]张光学,黄有样,陈邦彦.海域天然气水合物地震学[M].北京:海洋出版社,2003:27?36.
[7]HYNDMAN R D,SPENCE G D.A seismic study of meth-ane hydrate marine bottom simulating reflectors[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1992,97(B5):6683?6698.
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[10]SUESS E,TORRES M E,BOHRMAN G,et al.Sea floor methane hydrate at hydrate Ridge,Cascadia Mar-gin[M]//PAUL C K,DILLON W P.Natural Gas Hydrates:Occurrence,Distribution,and Detcetion.Washington,D C:American Geophysical Union,2001:87?98.
[11]HORNBACH M J,HOLBROOK W S,GORMAN A R,et al.Direct seismic detection of methane hydrate on the Blake Ridge[J].Geophysics,2003,68(1):92?100.
[12]VANNESTE M,BATIST M DE,GOLMSHTOK A,et al.Multi-frequency seismic study of gas hydrate-bearing sedi-ments in Lake Baikal,Siberia[J].Marine Geology,2001,172:1?21.
[13]JOHNSTON R C,REED D H,DESLER J F.Special Report on marine seismic energy source standards[J].Geophysics,1998,53(4):566?575.
[14]POSEWANG J,MIENERT J.High-resolution seismic stud-ies of gas hydrates west of Svalbard[J].Geo-Marine Letters,1999,19:150?156.
[15]张明.天然气水合物BSR的识别与地震勘探频率[J].海洋学报,2004,26(4):80?88.
[16]陆敬安.海洋地震勘探中地震波、鬼波综合效应分析与应用[J].海洋技术,2006,25(4):76?78.
[17]ANDREAS C,JOHN W P.陆上三维地震勘探的设计与施工[M].俞寿朋,译.石油地球物理勘探局,1996:17?64.
[18]CORDSEN A.Narrow-versus wide-azimuth land 3D seismic surveys[J].The Leading Edge,2002,21(8):764?770.
[19]NOUZéH,LAFOY Y,GéLI L,et al.First results of a high resolution seismic study of a bottom simulating reflector in the fairway basin,offshore new caledonia[C]//Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Gas Hydrates,Trondheim,Norway:Norway-ICGH5-Organising-Committee,2005.http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/periodical_dzkjqb20060-4 006.aspx
[20]ACCAINO F,TINIVELLA U.Gas Hydrates and active fluid outflow offshore the Shetland margin[C]//Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Gas Hydrates.Trondheim,Norway:Norway-ICGH5-Organising-Committee,2005.http://www.gas-hydrate.org.cn/symposium/symp_21_1.pdf.
[21]HAACKE R R,WESTBROOK G K,PEACOCK S,et al.Seismic anisotropy from a marine gas hydrate system west of Svalbard[C]//Proceedings of the Fifth International Confer-ence on Gas Hydrates.Trondheim,Norway:Norway-ICGH5-Organising-Committee,2005 http://www.rhul.ac.uk/Earth-Sciences/For-Staff/staff_refs.asp?title=Dr&firstname=Ross&familyname=Haacke&YearFrom=1970&st=NOT_PhD&YearTo=2014&StaffID=40&offset=8.
[22]ROSSI G,MADRUSSANI G,DAVIDE G,et al.Velocity and attenuation 3d tomography for gashydrates studies:the NW offshore Svalbard case[J].Geophysical Prospecting,2007,55(5):655?669.
[23]WESTBROOK1G K,BUENZ S,CAMERLENGHI A.,et al.Measurement of P-AND S-wave velocity,and the estimation of hydrate concentration at sites in the continental margin of Svalbard and the storegga region of Norway[C]//Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Gas Hy-drates.Trondheim,Norway:Norway-ICGH5-Organis-ing-Committee,2005.http://www.gas-hydrate.org.cn/symposium/symp_21_1.pdf.
[24]BOURIAK S,VANNESTE M.AND SAOUTKINE A.In-ferred gas hydrates and clay diapers near the Storegga Slide on the southern edge of the Voring Plateau,offshore Nor-way[J].Marine Geology,1999,163(1/4):125?148.
[2]PEREYRAET V,LEE W H K,KELLER H B.Solving two-point seismic ray-tracing problems in heterogeneous medium,Part 1,a general adaptive finite difference me-thod[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,1980,70:79?9.
[3]VIDALE J.Finite-difference calculation of traveltime in three dimensions[J].Geophysics,1990,55:521?52.
[4]VOLKER A W F.Analysis and optimization of 3D seismic acquisition geometries by focal beams[C]//Expanded Ab-stracts of 70th SEG Mtg,Calgary,Canada:American Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2000.http://www.3dsymsam.nl/doku.php?id=publications:publications.
[5]狄帮让,王长春,顾培成,等.三维观测系统优化设计的双聚焦方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(5):463?471.
[6]张光学,黄有样,陈邦彦.海域天然气水合物地震学[M].北京:海洋出版社,2003:27?36.
[7]HYNDMAN R D,SPENCE G D.A seismic study of meth-ane hydrate marine bottom simulating reflectors[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1992,97(B5):6683?6698.
[8]雷怀彦,郑艳红,吴保祥.天然气水合物勘探方法—BSR适用性探析[J].海洋石油,2002,114:1?8.
[9]LEE M W,HUTCHINSON D R,AGENA W F,et al.Seismic character of gas hydrates on the southeastern U.S.continen-tal margin[J].Marine Geophysical Researches,1993,16:163?184.
[10]SUESS E,TORRES M E,BOHRMAN G,et al.Sea floor methane hydrate at hydrate Ridge,Cascadia Mar-gin[M]//PAUL C K,DILLON W P.Natural Gas Hydrates:Occurrence,Distribution,and Detcetion.Washington,D C:American Geophysical Union,2001:87?98.
[11]HORNBACH M J,HOLBROOK W S,GORMAN A R,et al.Direct seismic detection of methane hydrate on the Blake Ridge[J].Geophysics,2003,68(1):92?100.
[12]VANNESTE M,BATIST M DE,GOLMSHTOK A,et al.Multi-frequency seismic study of gas hydrate-bearing sedi-ments in Lake Baikal,Siberia[J].Marine Geology,2001,172:1?21.
[13]JOHNSTON R C,REED D H,DESLER J F.Special Report on marine seismic energy source standards[J].Geophysics,1998,53(4):566?575.
[14]POSEWANG J,MIENERT J.High-resolution seismic stud-ies of gas hydrates west of Svalbard[J].Geo-Marine Letters,1999,19:150?156.
[15]张明.天然气水合物BSR的识别与地震勘探频率[J].海洋学报,2004,26(4):80?88.
[16]陆敬安.海洋地震勘探中地震波、鬼波综合效应分析与应用[J].海洋技术,2006,25(4):76?78.
[17]ANDREAS C,JOHN W P.陆上三维地震勘探的设计与施工[M].俞寿朋,译.石油地球物理勘探局,1996:17?64.
[18]CORDSEN A.Narrow-versus wide-azimuth land 3D seismic surveys[J].The Leading Edge,2002,21(8):764?770.
[19]NOUZéH,LAFOY Y,GéLI L,et al.First results of a high resolution seismic study of a bottom simulating reflector in the fairway basin,offshore new caledonia[C]//Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Gas Hydrates,Trondheim,Norway:Norway-ICGH5-Organising-Committee,2005.http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/periodical_dzkjqb20060-4 006.aspx
[20]ACCAINO F,TINIVELLA U.Gas Hydrates and active fluid outflow offshore the Shetland margin[C]//Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Gas Hydrates.Trondheim,Norway:Norway-ICGH5-Organising-Committee,2005.http://www.gas-hydrate.org.cn/symposium/symp_21_1.pdf.
[21]HAACKE R R,WESTBROOK G K,PEACOCK S,et al.Seismic anisotropy from a marine gas hydrate system west of Svalbard[C]//Proceedings of the Fifth International Confer-ence on Gas Hydrates.Trondheim,Norway:Norway-ICGH5-Organising-Committee,2005 http://www.rhul.ac.uk/Earth-Sciences/For-Staff/staff_refs.asp?title=Dr&firstname=Ross&familyname=Haacke&YearFrom=1970&st=NOT_PhD&YearTo=2014&StaffID=40&offset=8.
[22]ROSSI G,MADRUSSANI G,DAVIDE G,et al.Velocity and attenuation 3d tomography for gashydrates studies:the NW offshore Svalbard case[J].Geophysical Prospecting,2007,55(5):655?669.
[23]WESTBROOK1G K,BUENZ S,CAMERLENGHI A.,et al.Measurement of P-AND S-wave velocity,and the estimation of hydrate concentration at sites in the continental margin of Svalbard and the storegga region of Norway[C]//Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Gas Hy-drates.Trondheim,Norway:Norway-ICGH5-Organis-ing-Committee,2005.http://www.gas-hydrate.org.cn/symposium/symp_21_1.pdf.
[24]BOURIAK S,VANNESTE M.AND SAOUTKINE A.In-ferred gas hydrates and clay diapers near the Storegga Slide on the southern edge of the Voring Plateau,offshore Nor-way[J].Marine Geology,1999,163(1/4):125?148.
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