缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层地震综合预测——以塔里木盆地中古21井区为例
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摘要
针对塔里木盆地碳酸盐岩储层各向异性特征显著,纵横向非均质性极强的特点,综合应用振幅、相干、频谱分解、地震吸收衰减、多井约束波阻抗反演等多种预测技术对储层进行预测,总结一套适合缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层预测的技术系列,并利用多元逐步判别分析和核主成分分析相结合的办法对多种地震信息进行优化求解,其优化结果综合考虑多种地震属性的有效信息,并剔除对判别结果不显著的属性,同时保留的各变量互不相关,保证计算结果的稳定性,而且能很好地处理地震属性之间的非线性问题。在中古21井区的实际应用表明:其优化结果能精细刻画缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层在三维空间中的有利分布范围,取得了良好的地质效果,为地震多属性优化与缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层预测研究提供一种科学有效的方法。
The characteristics of fractures and caves of carbonate reservoirs in Tarim Basin can cause significant seismic anisotropy and heterogeneity.Based on integrated application of multiple methods including attributes from the amplitude,coherence,spectrum decomposition,seismic absorption and attenuation and constrained impedance inversion analysis,seismic multi-attribute analysis technology for fractured and caved carbonate reservoirs prediction were developed.The method of multi-variate discriminant analysis and kernel principal component analysis optimizes the seismic attributes selection and analysis.The technique excludes the attributes which were not significant for discriminant analysis and not orthogonal to each other.These provide more stable and useful results for reservoir prediction.Finally,the analysis results clearly show the reservoir distribution in work area and the good description of the spatial distribution of fractures and caves,which can improve geological effect.The technology is an effective method for fractured and caved carbonate reservoir prediction.
The characteristics of fractures and caves of carbonate reservoirs in Tarim Basin can cause significant seismic anisotropy and heterogeneity.Based on integrated application of multiple methods including attributes from the amplitude,coherence,spectrum decomposition,seismic absorption and attenuation and constrained impedance inversion analysis,seismic multi-attribute analysis technology for fractured and caved carbonate reservoirs prediction were developed.The method of multi-variate discriminant analysis and kernel principal component analysis optimizes the seismic attributes selection and analysis.The technique excludes the attributes which were not significant for discriminant analysis and not orthogonal to each other.These provide more stable and useful results for reservoir prediction.Finally,the analysis results clearly show the reservoir distribution in work area and the good description of the spatial distribution of fractures and caves,which can improve geological effect.The technology is an effective method for fractured and caved carbonate reservoir prediction.
引文
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[13]Sinha S,Routh P S.Spectral decomposition of seismic data with continuous-wavelet transform[J].Geophysics,2005,70(6):19-25.
[14]印兴耀,周静毅.地震属性优化方法综述[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(4):482-489.YIN Xing-yao,ZHOU Jing-yi.Summary of optimum methods of seismic attributes[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2005,40(4):482-489.
[15]马中高,管路平,贺振华,等.利用模型正演优选地震属性进行储层预测[J].石油学报,2003,24(6):35-39.MA Zhong-gao,GUAN Lu-ping,HE Zheng-hua,et al.Reservoir characterization using seismic attributes optimized with rock physics modeling[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2003,24(6):35-39.
[16]SUN Zan-dong.Seismic methods for heavy oil reservoir monitoring and characterization[D].Calgary:University of Calgary.Department of Geology and Geophysics,1999:108-117.
[2]韩革华,漆立新,李宗杰,等.塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层预测技术[J].石油与天然气地质,2006,27(6):860-870.HAN Ge-hua,QI Li-xin,LI Zong-jie,et al.Prediction of the Ordovician fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs in Tahe Oilfield[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2006,27(6):860-870.
[3]杨子川.塔河油田碳酸盐岩储层预测技术与应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2004,27(6):432-439.YANG Zi-chuan.Carbonate reservoir prediction technology and its application in Tahe Oilfield[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2004,27(6):432-439.
[4]赵宗举.海相碳酸盐岩储集层类型、成藏模式及勘探思路[J].石油勘探与开发,2008,35(6):692-703.ZHAO Zong-ju.Types,accumulation models and exploration concepts of marine carbonate reservoirs[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2008,35(6):692-703.
[5]陈志海,戴勇,郎兆新.缝洞性碳酸盐岩油藏储渗模式及其开采特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(3):101-105.CHEN Zhi-hai,DAI Yong,LANG Zhao-xin.Storage-percolation modes and production performance of the karst reservoirs in Tahe Oilfield[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2005,32(3):101-105.
[6]杨海军,邬光辉,韩建发,等.塔里木盆地中央隆起带奥陶系碳酸盐岩台缘带油气富集特征[J].石油学报,2007,28(4):26-28.YANG Hai-jun,WU Guang-hui,HAN Jian-fa,et al.Characteristics of hydrocarbon enrichment along the Ordovician carbonate platform margin in the central uplift of Tarim Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(4):26-28.
[7]温志新,王红漫,漆立新,等.塔河油田奥陶系缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层预测研究[J].地学前缘,2008,15(1):94-100.WEN Zhi-xin,WANG Hong-man,QI Li-xin,et al.Research on the prediction of Ordovician carbonatite reservoir of fissure-cave type in the Tahe Oilfield[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2008,15(1):94-100.
[8]蔡瑞.基于谱分解技术的缝洞型碳酸盐岩溶洞识别方法[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(2):82-85.CAI Rui.Carbonate cave identification by using a spectral decomposition technique[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2005,32(2):82-85.
[9]孙夕平,杜世通.相干体技术算法研究及其在地震资料解释中的应用[J].石油大学学报:自然科学版,2003,27(2):32-35.SUN Xi-ping,DU Shi-tong.Development and application of algorithm of coherency cub technique to seismic interpretation[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum:Science and Technology,2003,27(2):32-35.
[10]龚洪林,王振卿,李录明,等.应用地震分频技术预测碳酸盐岩储层[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(1):129-135.GONG Hong-lin,WANG Zhen-qing,LI Lu-ming,et al.Predicting carbonate reservoir by applying seismic spectral decomposition technique[J].Progress in Geophysics,2008,23(1):129-135.
[11]苑书金.非正交小波变换的频谱分解技术在大牛地气田储层预测中的应用[J].天然气工业,2007,27(12):52-54.YUAN Shu-jin.Application of spectrum decomposition of nonorthogonal wavelet transforms to reservoir prediction in Daniudi gas field[J].Natural Gas Industry,2007,27(12):52-54.
[12]Sams M S,Neep J P,Worthington M H,et al.The measurement of velocity dispersion and frequency-dependent intrinsic attenuation in sedimentary rocks[J].Geophysics,1997,62(5):1456-1464.
[13]Sinha S,Routh P S.Spectral decomposition of seismic data with continuous-wavelet transform[J].Geophysics,2005,70(6):19-25.
[14]印兴耀,周静毅.地震属性优化方法综述[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(4):482-489.YIN Xing-yao,ZHOU Jing-yi.Summary of optimum methods of seismic attributes[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2005,40(4):482-489.
[15]马中高,管路平,贺振华,等.利用模型正演优选地震属性进行储层预测[J].石油学报,2003,24(6):35-39.MA Zhong-gao,GUAN Lu-ping,HE Zheng-hua,et al.Reservoir characterization using seismic attributes optimized with rock physics modeling[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2003,24(6):35-39.
[16]SUN Zan-dong.Seismic methods for heavy oil reservoir monitoring and characterization[D].Calgary:University of Calgary.Department of Geology and Geophysics,1999:108-117.
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