汶川地震震裂的斜坡岩体结构特征
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摘要
汶川震区震后斜坡地质灾害频发,其中岩体震裂松动是引起震后次生地质灾害的主要原因。以震裂岩体结构精测为基础,结合现场回弹测试与声波探测,震裂岩体具有结构面显著张开、无充填或者少量充填和岩体架空等宏观特征,同时具有回弹强度低、大范围的低波速带和强渗透性等变形特性。坡表岩体的回弹强度在20～30MPa,波速值集中在2000～3000m/s,完整性系数在0.15～0.5,完整性较差,渗透性基本上属于强透水、严重透水段。以波速值为主要划分依据,将震裂岩体分为严重震裂岩体、中等震裂岩体、轻度震裂岩体三个等级。
Slope geological disasters takes place constantly at long period after earthquake by WenChuan earthquake,and the shattered rockmass is the main reason for cause the secondary geological disasters.Some detection means such as precise measurement、rebound testing、acoustic testing were used in site,the shattered rockmass has the characteristics such as open structural planes、fillings less or no、overhead rockmass and so on,then it has the deformation characteristics such as low rebound strength、large range of low wave velocity and strong permeability.Rebound strength of slope surface is between 20 ~ 30 MPa,wave velocity value common less than 3000m/s,concentrated in between 2000 ~ 3000m/s,integrity coefficient was between 0.15 and 0.5,integrity is poorer,permeability is basically high、serious.The partitioning standards of shattered rockmass is based on wave velocity value,divided into three communities: severe shattered rockmass、medium shattered rockmass and slight shattered rockmass.
Slope geological disasters takes place constantly at long period after earthquake by WenChuan earthquake,and the shattered rockmass is the main reason for cause the secondary geological disasters.Some detection means such as precise measurement、rebound testing、acoustic testing were used in site,the shattered rockmass has the characteristics such as open structural planes、fillings less or no、overhead rockmass and so on,then it has the deformation characteristics such as low rebound strength、large range of low wave velocity and strong permeability.Rebound strength of slope surface is between 20 ~ 30 MPa,wave velocity value common less than 3000m/s,concentrated in between 2000 ~ 3000m/s,integrity coefficient was between 0.15 and 0.5,integrity is poorer,permeability is basically high、serious.The partitioning standards of shattered rockmass is based on wave velocity value,divided into three communities: severe shattered rockmass、medium shattered rockmass and slight shattered rockmass.
引文
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[2]韩文峰.黄河黑山峡河段开发重大工程地质问题研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.HAN Wenfeng.Study on important engineering geologicalproblems about development of Heishan Gorge on theYellow River[M].Beijing:Science Press,2004.
[3]B Nilesn.New trends in rock slope stability analyses[J].Bulletin of engineering Geology and the Enviroment,2000(2):173-178.
[4]Myer L,Cook,N G W.Effects of single fractures onseismic wave propagation[C].Proceedings of ISRMSymposium on Rock Joints:A.A Balkema,1990:467-475.
[5]Leonard R J.An earth fissure in southern Arizona[J].Journal of Geology,1929(8):765-774.
[6]黄理兴,陈奕柏.我国岩石动力学研究状况与发展[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(11):1881-1886.HUANG Li-xing,CHEN Yi-bo.Rock dynamics inChina:Past,present and future[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(11):1881-1886.
[7]冯文凯,黄润秋,许强.震裂斜坡机理及变形破坏模式研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2009,36(6):42-48.FENG Wenkai,HUANG Runqiu,XU Qiang.Study onformation mechanism and deformation failure models offhatter slopes[J].Hydrogeology and EngineeringGeology.2009,36(6):42-48.
[8]卫宏,王兰生.岷江较场台地地震裂缝形成机制及其边坡稳定影响[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2004,15(4):17-24.WEI Hong,WANG Lansheng.Formation mechanism ofthe ground fissures formed by earthquake in Jiaochangplatform of Minjiang River and its affect to slope stability[J].Chinese Journal of Geological Hazand and Control,2004,15(4):17-24.
[9]祁生文,伍法权,严福章,等.岩质边坡动力反应分析[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.QI Shengwen,WU Faquan,YAN Fuzhang,et al.Engineering geology analysis on stability of slope underearthquake[M].Beijing:Science Press,2007.
[10]韩文峰,宋畅,梁庆国.极震区的地震动与潜在震源区内重大工程安全[J].工程地质学报,2004,12(4):346-353.HAN Wenfeng,SONG Chang,LIANG Qingguo.Strongground motion atmeizoseismal area&safety of importantengineering project antpotential earthquake region[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2004,12(4):346-353.
[11]黄润秋,裴向军,李天斌.汶川地震触发大光包巨型滑坡基本特征及形成机理分析[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):730-741.HUANG Runqiu,PEI Xiangjun,LI Tianbin.The basiccharacteristics and formation mechanism of Daguangbaolarge-scale landslide triggered by Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2008,16(6):730-741.
[12]谌文武,孙冠平,宋畅.大柳树堤址松动岩体的渗透特性[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(2):2564-2567.CHEN Wenwu,SUN Guanping,SONG Chang.Permeability of relaxed rockmss in DaLiuShu dam site[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2003,22(2):2564-2567.
[13]曹东盛,韩文峰,李树德.黄河黑山峡大柳树松动岩体渗透特性研究[J].水土保持研究,2003,10(3):29-33.CAO Dongsheng,HAN Wenfeng,LI Shude.Dynam-relaxed rockmass seepage characterstics at DaLiuShu inHeiShanXia Gorge on the Yellow River[J].Research ofSoil and Water Conservation,2003,10(3):29-33.
[14]李茂芳.水文地质压水试验[M].北京:水利电力出版社.1987.LI Maofang.Hydrogeology water pressure test[M].Beijing:Water conservancy power press.1987.
[15]Neuman S P.Trends,prospeets and challenges inquantifing flow and transport through fractured rocks[J].Hydrogeologyjournal,2005(1):124-147.
[16]王生俊.大柳树坝址松动岩体发育深度研究[J].土工基础,2006,120(5):49-51.WANG Shengjun.Study on the depth of dynam-relaxedrock mass at Daliushu dam site[J].Soil Engineering andFoundation,2006,120(5):49-51.
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