2011年3月10日盈江5.8级地震诱发砂土液化灾害特征研究
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摘要
2011年3月10日中缅边境附近的云南省德宏傣族景颇族自治州盈江县发生Ms5.8级地震,震源深度10km,造成25人死亡,250人受伤,13万人口受灾,众多构(建)筑物损毁,砂土液化广泛发育,约19km长的盈江河堤开裂。5.8级地震诱发如此大的次生灾害是近年来少有的。通过对本次地震地质背景和地质灾害调查分析,初步认识到:(1)本次地震是2011年初盈江4级震群继续增强活动的结果,近年来盈江地区地震群总体上呈现沿苏典断裂带从北至南逐渐迁移的趋势,本次地震是这一趋势的延续,位于苏典断裂南端,主余震显示本次地震破裂为苏典断裂与大盈江断裂的共轭破裂;(2)砂土液化是本次盈江地震震损严重的主要原因之一,在地表产生喷沙冒水、砂土体侧向滑动、地面开裂和下沉等次生地质灾害,对房屋、江堤、道路、水利设施和电线杆等构(建)筑物造成了较大破坏作用;(3)砂土液化主要发育在大盈江全新世粉细砂冲积层分布区,严重液化区主要为盈江的老河道,构(建)筑物损毁程度与液化区范围和强度有较好的对应关系,而晚更新世砂砾地层作为盈江的二级阶地不仅地势高、防洪能力强,其地基基础承载力高,抗砂土液化能力强,是盈江盆地内工程地质条件较好的地块,未发现砂土液化且构(建)筑震损轻微,可作为当地城镇未来规划发展的首选区域。
On March 10,2011,a Ms5.8 earthquake,focal depth 10km,struck Yingjiang county locating on Dehong Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan province closed to Sino-Burna border,induced 25 persons killed,250 injured,about 130 thousand people affected,many institutions(building)damaged,extensive liquefaction developed,about 19km Yingjiang embankment cracked.Such greater secondary disasters trigged by a Ms 5.8 earthquake is rare in recent seismic events.By analyzing the geological background of the earthquake and investigating geological hazards,this paper obtained an initial understanding of geo-hazards:(1)This earthquake is the results of continue enhance of Yingjiang scale 4 earthquake swarm beginning in 2011;in recent years,seismic swarm in Yingjiang region present a gradual migration from north to south along Sudian Fault;this earthquake is a continuation of this trend;the main shock and aftershocks show that Yingjing co-seismic rupture is a conjugate rupture between Shudian Fault and Dayingjing Fault.(2)Sand liquefaction is one of main reasons that this earthquake induced so severe loss.Sand liquefaction products lots of secondary geo-hazard phenomenon,sand and water blasting to the surface,sliding along the lateral ramp,ground cracking and subsidence,et al.,which results in greater damages to houses,river banks,roads,water facilities and electric poles and other agencies.(3)Sand liquefaction are mainly developed in Dayingjiang Holocene alluvial deposits of fine sand,serious liquefied area is the Dayingjiang old river channel,construction(building)damaged area and degree is better accord with the extent and degree of liquefaction.The late Pleistocene as the second terrace of Yingjiang is not only high altitude,better flood resistance capacity,but also strong engineering geological conditions for non-liquefaction,so where is the better place as the planning development area of the local towns.
On March 10,2011,a Ms5.8 earthquake,focal depth 10km,struck Yingjiang county locating on Dehong Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan province closed to Sino-Burna border,induced 25 persons killed,250 injured,about 130 thousand people affected,many institutions(building)damaged,extensive liquefaction developed,about 19km Yingjiang embankment cracked.Such greater secondary disasters trigged by a Ms 5.8 earthquake is rare in recent seismic events.By analyzing the geological background of the earthquake and investigating geological hazards,this paper obtained an initial understanding of geo-hazards:(1)This earthquake is the results of continue enhance of Yingjiang scale 4 earthquake swarm beginning in 2011;in recent years,seismic swarm in Yingjiang region present a gradual migration from north to south along Sudian Fault;this earthquake is a continuation of this trend;the main shock and aftershocks show that Yingjing co-seismic rupture is a conjugate rupture between Shudian Fault and Dayingjing Fault.(2)Sand liquefaction is one of main reasons that this earthquake induced so severe loss.Sand liquefaction products lots of secondary geo-hazard phenomenon,sand and water blasting to the surface,sliding along the lateral ramp,ground cracking and subsidence,et al.,which results in greater damages to houses,river banks,roads,water facilities and electric poles and other agencies.(3)Sand liquefaction are mainly developed in Dayingjiang Holocene alluvial deposits of fine sand,serious liquefied area is the Dayingjiang old river channel,construction(building)damaged area and degree is better accord with the extent and degree of liquefaction.The late Pleistocene as the second terrace of Yingjiang is not only high altitude,better flood resistance capacity,but also strong engineering geological conditions for non-liquefaction,so where is the better place as the planning development area of the local towns.
引文
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[12]《建筑抗震设计规范》(GB50011-2001)[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010,p221.Code for Seismic Design of Buildings(GB50011-2001).Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2010,p221.
[2]张永双,马寅生,胡道功,等.玉树地震地表破裂调查与灾后重建避让选址研究[J].地质学报,2010,84(5):593~605.Zhang Yongshuang,Ma yansheng,Hu daogong,et al.Investigationand research on the surface rupture of the Yushu earthquake andreconstruction site selection.Journal of Geomechanics,2010,84(5):593~605.
[3]张永双,雷伟志,石菊松,等.四川5.12地震次生地质灾害的基本特征初析[J].地质力学学报,2008,14(2):109~116.Zhang Yongshuang,Lei Weizhi,Shi Jusong,et al.General charac-teristics of 5.12 earthquake induced geo-hazards in Sichuan.Jour-nal of Geomechanics,2008,14(2):109~116.
[4]张永双,孙萍,石菊松,等.汶川地震地表破裂影响带调查与建筑场地避让宽度探讨[J].工程地质学报,2010,18(3):312~319.Zhang Yongshuang,Sun Ping,Shi Jusong,et al.Investigation ofrupture influenced zones and their corresponding safe distances forreconstruction after 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake,2010,18(3):312~319.
[5]Zhang Yongshuang,Yao Xin,Xiong Tanyu,et al.Rapid identifica-tion and emergency investigation of surface ruptures and geohazardsinduced by theMs7.1 Yushu earthquake[J].Acta Geologica Sini-ca,2010,84(6):801~813.
[6]安晓文,常祖峰,石静芳.大盈江断裂西南段晚第四纪活动研究[J].地震地质,2009,32(2):193~197.An Xiaowen,Chang Zufeng,Shi Jingfang.Investigation of LateQuaternary activity along the south-western segment of the Day-ingjiang fault.Journal of Seismological Research,2009,32(2):193~197.
[7]张晁军.云南盈江地区历史地震活动性[R].中国地震台网中心(CENC),2011.Zhang Chaojun.The Characteristics of Seismic Active Feature onYingjing Region,Yunnan Province.China Earthquake Net Center,2011.
[8]顾瑾平.盈江5.8级地震是年初4级震群继续增强活动的结果[R].中国地震信息网,2011,http:∥www.csi.ac.cn.Gu Jingping.YingjingMs5.8 earthquake is the result of scale 4earthquake swarm enhance from beginning of 2011.China SeismicInformation Net,2011,http:∥www.csi.ac.cn.
[9]中国地震局地球物理研究所.盈江Ms5.8级地震震源机制解[R].中国地震信息网,2011,http:∥www.csi.ac.cn.Institute of Geophysics,China Earthquake Administration.YingjiangMs5.8 Focus Mechanism.China Seismic InformationNet.2011,http:∥www.csi.ac.cn.
[10]刘颖,李大华.砂土液化的尺度与概率[J].地震研究,1993,(2):71~87.Liu Ying Li Dahua.Scale and probability of sand liquefaction.Journal ofSeismological Research1993,(2):71~87.
[11]刘颖,李大华.饱和土的砂土液化分布预测方法[J].华南地震,1992,(2):127~135.Liu Ying,Li Dahua.Method for distinguishing liquefaction of sat-urater soils.South China Journal ofSeismology,1992,(2):127~135.
[12]《建筑抗震设计规范》(GB50011-2001)[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010,p221.Code for Seismic Design of Buildings(GB50011-2001).Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2010,p221.
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