地震作用下柔性挡墙变形特征分析
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摘要
为研究柔性挡墙的地震动力响应及变形特征,开展格宾加筋挡墙与生态加筋挡墙的大型振动台模型试验。研究结果表明:在地震作用下,2种柔性挡墙受到的峰值动土压力沿墙高呈现中间小两端大的分布特征,这与混凝土刚性挡墙峰值动土压力的分布规律恰好相反。由于格宾加筋挡墙和生态加筋挡墙的面墙在地震作用下发生鼓胀变形,导致其相应部位的动土压力远小于混凝土挡墙的动土压力。国内现行规范因未考虑柔性挡墙变形后的地震土压力衰减效应,据此进行柔性挡墙的抗震设计将偏于保守。通过分析认为,对于格宾加筋挡墙和生态加筋挡墙这类面墙刚度较小的柔性挡墙的抗震设计,应在保证挡墙地震稳定性的前提下,对地震土压力做适当的折减以节约工程造价。对于铁路及高等级公路柔性挡墙的抗震设计,除要保证其整体稳定性外,还需控制墙体的局部变形量,改善填料的工程特性和增加面墙材料的弹性模量以及加厚墙体均可以减小挡墙在地震作用下的变形量。
In order to study the earthquake dynamic response and deformation mechanism of flexible wall,the large-scale shaking table model tests for reinforced gabion wall and reinforced ecological wall were performed.The results showed that the distribution of horizontal peak dynamic earth pressures along height is with large value at both ends and small value at the middle for the two kinds of flexible walls,which is contrary to the distribution of horizontal peak dynamic earth pressures of rigid retaining wall.Due to the bulging deformation under earthquake,the value of horizontal peak dynamic earth pressures of the reinforced gabion wall and reinforced ecological wall is substantially smaller than that of rigid retaining wall.The national standard does take into account the effect of seismic earth pressure attenuation after deformation of flexible wall,the seismic design of flexible wall according to the current standard is conservative.Through analysis,to the flexible wall such as reinforced gabion wall and reinforced ecological wall,in ensuring the seismic stability of the premise,the seismic earth pressures can be reduced properly to save cost.For the seismic design of flexible wall in railway and highway,while maintaining the integral stability of the flexible wall,local-deformation control should be paid attention to too,improving the engineering properties of filling materials and increasing elastic modulus of walling materials as well as thickness of the wall can reduce the displacement of the flexible wall.
In order to study the earthquake dynamic response and deformation mechanism of flexible wall,the large-scale shaking table model tests for reinforced gabion wall and reinforced ecological wall were performed.The results showed that the distribution of horizontal peak dynamic earth pressures along height is with large value at both ends and small value at the middle for the two kinds of flexible walls,which is contrary to the distribution of horizontal peak dynamic earth pressures of rigid retaining wall.Due to the bulging deformation under earthquake,the value of horizontal peak dynamic earth pressures of the reinforced gabion wall and reinforced ecological wall is substantially smaller than that of rigid retaining wall.The national standard does take into account the effect of seismic earth pressure attenuation after deformation of flexible wall,the seismic design of flexible wall according to the current standard is conservative.Through analysis,to the flexible wall such as reinforced gabion wall and reinforced ecological wall,in ensuring the seismic stability of the premise,the seismic earth pressures can be reduced properly to save cost.For the seismic design of flexible wall in railway and highway,while maintaining the integral stability of the flexible wall,local-deformation control should be paid attention to too,improving the engineering properties of filling materials and increasing elastic modulus of walling materials as well as thickness of the wall can reduce the displacement of the flexible wall.
引文
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[17]Transit New Zealand.Bridge manual plus amendment No.1[S].Wellington:TransitNewZealand,1995.
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[19]YOUNAN A H,VELETSOS A S.Dynamic response of flexibleretaining walls[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,2000,29(12):1 815–1 844.
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[2]孟云伟,柴贺军,贾学明.石笼挡土墙的颗粒离散元细观力学模拟研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(8):2677–2681.(MENG Yunwei,CHAI Hejun,JIA Xueming.Mesomechanical research on gabionretaining wall with particle flow code[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(8):2 677–2 681.(in Chinese))
[3]杨剑,高玉峰,程永锋.地震条件下倾斜挡土墙被动土压力研究[J].岩土工程学报,2009,31(9):1392–1397.(YANG Jian,GAO Yufeng,CHENG Yongfeng,et al.Passive earth pressure ofinclined retaining walls under seismic condition[J].Chinese Journal ofGeotechnical Engineering,2009,31(9):1 392–1 397.(in Chinese))
[4]吴从师,徐泽沛,陈昕.爆破地震作用下重力式挡土墙的稳定分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(11):1939–1942.(WUCongshi,XU Zepei,CHEN Xin.Dynamic stability analysis of gravityretaining walls under blast-induced vibration[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(11):1 939–1 942.(inChinese))
[5]周健,金炜枫.基于耦合方法的挡土墙地震响应的数值模拟[J].岩土力学,2010,31(12):3949–3958.(ZHOU Jian,JIN Weifeng.Coupled approach based numerical simulation of a retaining wallunder seismic excitation[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(12):3 949–3 958.(in Chinese))
[6]RICHARDSON G N,FEGER D,FONG A,et al.Seismic testing ofreinforced earth walls[J].Journal of the Technical EngineeringDivision,1977,103(1):1–17.
[7]FUTAKI M,OGAWA N,SATO M,et al.Experiments about seismicperformance of reinforced earth retaining wall[C]//Proceedings of the11th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering.[S.l.]:ElsevierScience,Ltd.,1996:53–56.
[8]BATHURST R J,EL-EMMAN M M,MASHHOUR M M.Shakingtable model study on the dynamic response of reinforced soilwalls[C]//Proceedings of the 7th Int.Conf.on Geosynthetics,Delma,Gourc and Girard.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2002:99–102.
[9]MATSUO O,TSUTSUMI T,YOKOYAMA K,et al.Shaking tabletests and analyses of geosynthetic-reinforced soil retaining walls[J].Geosynthetics International,1998,5(1/2):97–126.
[10]HOE I L,ASCE M,YOSHIYUKI M,et al.Large-scale shaking tabletests on modular-block reinforced soil retaining walls[J].Journal ofGeotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2005,131(4):465–476.
[11]周亦唐,钟国强,俞进,等.塑料土工格栅加筋土结构的振动台试验研究[J].四川建筑科学研究,2004,30(2):45–47.(ZHOUYitang,ZHONG Guoqiang,YU Jin,et al.Experimental research forthe geogrids on shaking table[J].Building Science Research ofSichuan,2004,30(2):45–47.(in Chinese))
[12]程火焰,周亦唐,钟国强.加筋土挡墙地震动力研究[J].公路交通科技,2004,21(9):16–20.(CHENG Huoyan,ZHOU Yitang,ZHONGGuoqiang.Study on seismic dynamic properties of the retaining wallreinforced soil[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation ResearchDevelopment,2004,21(9):16–20.(in Chinese))
[13]李昀,杨果林,林宇亮.水平地震作用下加筋格宾挡土墙动力特性试验研究[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2010,41(1):347–352.(LI Yun,YANG Guolin,LIN Yuliang.Dynamic characteristics ofgreen reinforced gabion walls subjected to horizontal seismicloading[J].Journal of Central South University:Science andTechnology,2010,42(1):347–352.(in Chinese))
[14]蒋良潍,姚令侃,王建.基于振动性态和破坏相似的边坡振动台模型实验相似律[J].交通科学与工程,2009,25(2):1–7.(JIANGLiangwei,YAO Lingkan,WANG Jian.Similitude for shaking tablemodel test on side slope relating to dynamic characteristics andstrength[J].Journal of Transport Science and Engineering,2009,25(2):1–7.(in Chinese))
[15]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.GB50011—2006铁路工程抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2006.(The National StandardsCompilation Group of People s Republic of China.GB50011—2006Code for seismic design of railway engineering[S].Beijing:ChinaPlanning Press,2006.(in Chinese))
[16]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.JTG/T B02–01—2008公路桥梁抗震设计细则[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2008.(The ProfessionalStandards Compilation Group of People s Republic of China.JTG/TB02–01—2008 Guide lines for seismic design of highway bridges[S].Beijing:China Communication Press,2008.(in Chinese))
[17]Transit New Zealand.Bridge manual plus amendment No.1[S].Wellington:TransitNewZealand,1995.
[18]徐光黎,刘丰收,唐辉明.现代加筋土技术与工程应用[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2004:143–145.(XU Guangli,LIU Fengshou,TANG Huiming.Modern reinforced technology and engineeringapplication[M].Wuhan:China University of Geosciences Press,2004:143–145.(in Chinese))
[19]YOUNAN A H,VELETSOS A S.Dynamic response of flexibleretaining walls[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,2000,29(12):1 815–1 844.
[20]程国勇,张立,王建华,等.用扭剪波测试土样剪切波速的新技术[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(3):358–359.(CHENG Guoyong,ZHANG Li,WANG Jianhua,et al.A new technique of shear wavevelocity measurement of soil samples by torsion wave[J].ChineseJournal of Geotechnical Engineering,2005,27(3):358–359.(inChinese))
[21]李少波,张献民,智胜英.路基压实度剪切波测试新技术[J].公路交通科技,2008,25(3):32–37.(LI Shaobo,ZHANG Xianmin,ZHI Shengying.Detecting subgrade compactness by direct shear wavemethod[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research andDevelopment,2008,25(3):32–37.(in Chinese))
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