地震作用下锚固边坡稳定性数值分析
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摘要
地震诱发的边坡失稳是一种重要的地震地质灾害类型,本文结合工程实例,利用有限差分软件FLAC3D建立了一个边坡的数值分析模型。对比分析了静力状态下锚固前后边坡的塑性区、水平位移和滑移面,地震作用下锚固前后边坡的塑性区、各个时刻的水平位移、锚杆轴力分布和塑性状态,然后分析了边坡的稳定性,并探讨了边坡破坏的机理。数值分析结果表明:锚杆对边坡的加固效果十分显著;锚杆在发挥锚固作用时主要受拉,且随着锚杆位置高程的增加,锚杆的轴力减小;有无锚杆支护的边坡在地震作用下的破坏方式不同。研究结果为锚固边坡的抗震设计提供了参考依据。
Slope failure is a major type of geological hazard induced by earthquake.Combining with the engineering project,a numerical simulation model of soil slope is established with the FLAC3D program.The paper examines and compares the plastic zone,horizontal displacement and the fracture surface of slope whether supported with bolts or not under static state,and the axial force of bolts,the plastic zone,horizontal displacement and plastic state of slope whether supported with bolts or not under stability of the slope with and without bolts at different time under static state and earthquake.It distinguishes the stability of slopes and discusses the failure mechanism of slopes.It is shown that,the bolts for slope have very good supporting role.Bolts in supporting role plays the role mainly by pulling force,and along with the increase of elevation and the decreases of axial force.Slope with or without bolts under earthquake can be damaged in different ways.Research results can be the reference frame for the design of slopes supported with bolts under earthquake.
Slope failure is a major type of geological hazard induced by earthquake.Combining with the engineering project,a numerical simulation model of soil slope is established with the FLAC3D program.The paper examines and compares the plastic zone,horizontal displacement and the fracture surface of slope whether supported with bolts or not under static state,and the axial force of bolts,the plastic zone,horizontal displacement and plastic state of slope whether supported with bolts or not under stability of the slope with and without bolts at different time under static state and earthquake.It distinguishes the stability of slopes and discusses the failure mechanism of slopes.It is shown that,the bolts for slope have very good supporting role.Bolts in supporting role plays the role mainly by pulling force,and along with the increase of elevation and the decreases of axial force.Slope with or without bolts under earthquake can be damaged in different ways.Research results can be the reference frame for the design of slopes supported with bolts under earthquake.
引文
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[7]徐光兴,姚令侃,李朝红,等.边坡地震动力响应规律及地震动参数影响研究[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(6):918～923.Xu Guangxing,Yao Lingkan,Li Zhaohong,et al.Dynamic responseof slopes under earthquakes and influence of ground motion param-eters.Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(6):918～923.
[8]徐光兴,姚令侃,高召宁,等.边坡动力特性与动力响应的大型振动台模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(3):624～632.Xu Guangxing,Yao Lingkan,Gao Zhaoning,et al.Large-scale sha-king table model test on the dynamic characteristics and seismic re-sponses of slope.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineer-ing,2008,27(3):624～632.
[9]董建华,朱彦鹏.土钉土体系统动力模型的建立及地震响应分析[J].力学学报,2009,41(2):236～242.Dong Jianhua,Zhu Yanpeng.Dynamic calculation model andseismic response for the system of soil nailing and surroundingsoil.Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,2009,41(2):236～242.
[10]刘春玲,祁生文,童立强,等.利用FLAC3D分析某边坡地震稳定性[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(16):2730～2733.Liu Chunling,Qi Shengwen,Tong Liqiang,et al.Stabilityanalysisof slope under earthquake with FLAC3D.Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2004,23(16):2730～2733.
[11]赵尚毅,郑颖人,张玉芳.极限分析有限元法讲座—II有限元强度折减法中边坡失稳的判据探讨[J].岩土力学,2005,26(2):332～336.Zhao Shangyi,Zheng Yingren,Zhang Yufang.Study on slopefailure criterion in strength reduction finite element method.Rockand Soil Mechanics,2005,26(2):332～336.
[12]郑颖人,赵尚毅.有限元强度折减法在土坡与岩坡中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(19):3381～3388.Zheng Yingren,Zhao Shangyi.Application of strength reductionFem in soil and rock slope.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanicsand Engineering,2004,23(19):3381～3388.
[13]郑颖人,赵尚毅,邓卫东.岩质边坡破坏机制有限元数值模拟分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(12):1943～1952.Zheng Yingren,Zhao Shangyi,Deng Weidong.Numericalsimulation on failure mechanism of rock slope by strengthreduction fem.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineer-ing,2003,22(12):1943～1952.
[14]郑颖人,叶海林,黄润秋.地震破坏机制及其破裂面的分析探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(8):1714～1723.Zheng Yingren,Ye Hailin,Huang Runqiu.Analysis anddiscussion of failure mechanism and fracture surface of slopeunder earthquake.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engi-neering,2009,28(8):1714～1723.
[15]林杭,曹平,宫凤强.位移突变判据中监测点的位置和位移方式分析[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(9):1433～1438.Lin Hang,Cao Ping,Gong Fengqiang.Analysis of locations anddisplacement modes of monitoring points in displacement mutationcriteria.Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2007,29(9):1433～1438.
[16]胡聿贤.地震工程学[M].北京:地震出版社,1988.Hu Yuxian.Seismic Engineering.Beijing:SeismologicalPress,1988.
[17]Itasca Consulting Group Inc.FLAC3D Version 4.0(Fast La-grangian Analysis of Continua in 3 Dimensions)User’s Manual.USA:Itasca Consulting Group Inc,2009.
[18]郑颖人,赵尚毅,张鲁渝.用有限元强度折减法进行边坡稳定分析[J].中国工程科学,2002,4(10):57～62.Zheng Yingren,Zhao Shangyi,Zhang Luyu.Slope stabilityanalysis by strength reduction FEM.Engineering Science,2002,4(10):57～62.
[2]王恭先,徐峻龄,刘光代,等.滑坡学与滑坡防治技术[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2004.Wang Gongxian,Xu Junling,Liu Guangdai,et al.LandslideScience and Landslide Preventive Treatment Technology.Beijing:China Railway Publishing House,2004.
[3]DL5073～2000水工建筑物抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国电力出版社,2001.DL5073～2000 Specifications for Seismic Design of HydraulicStructures.Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2001.
[4]刘洪帅,薄景山,刘德东.岩土边坡地震稳定性分析研究评述[J].地震工程与工程振动,2005,25(1):164～171.Liu Hongshuai,Bo Jingshan,Liu Dedong.Review on study ofseismic stability analysis of rock-soil slopes.EarthquakeEngineering and Engineering Vibration,2005,25(1):164～171.
[5]郑颖人,叶海林,黄润秋,等.边坡地震稳定性分析探讨[J].地震工程与工程振动,2010,30(2):173～180.Zheng Yingren,Ye Hailin,Huang Runqiu,et al.Study on the seis-mic stability analysis of a slope.Journal of Earthquake Engineeringand Engineering Vibration,2010,30(2):173～180.
[6]叶海林,黄润秋,郑颖人,等.岩质边坡锚杆支护参数地震敏感性分析[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(9):1374～1379.Ye Hailin,Huang Runqiu,Zheng Yingren,et al.Sensitivity analysisof parameters for bolts in rock slopes under earthquakes.ChineseJournal of Geotechnical Engineering,2010,32(9):1374～1379.
[7]徐光兴,姚令侃,李朝红,等.边坡地震动力响应规律及地震动参数影响研究[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(6):918～923.Xu Guangxing,Yao Lingkan,Li Zhaohong,et al.Dynamic responseof slopes under earthquakes and influence of ground motion param-eters.Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(6):918～923.
[8]徐光兴,姚令侃,高召宁,等.边坡动力特性与动力响应的大型振动台模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(3):624～632.Xu Guangxing,Yao Lingkan,Gao Zhaoning,et al.Large-scale sha-king table model test on the dynamic characteristics and seismic re-sponses of slope.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineer-ing,2008,27(3):624～632.
[9]董建华,朱彦鹏.土钉土体系统动力模型的建立及地震响应分析[J].力学学报,2009,41(2):236～242.Dong Jianhua,Zhu Yanpeng.Dynamic calculation model andseismic response for the system of soil nailing and surroundingsoil.Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,2009,41(2):236～242.
[10]刘春玲,祁生文,童立强,等.利用FLAC3D分析某边坡地震稳定性[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(16):2730～2733.Liu Chunling,Qi Shengwen,Tong Liqiang,et al.Stabilityanalysisof slope under earthquake with FLAC3D.Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2004,23(16):2730～2733.
[11]赵尚毅,郑颖人,张玉芳.极限分析有限元法讲座—II有限元强度折减法中边坡失稳的判据探讨[J].岩土力学,2005,26(2):332～336.Zhao Shangyi,Zheng Yingren,Zhang Yufang.Study on slopefailure criterion in strength reduction finite element method.Rockand Soil Mechanics,2005,26(2):332～336.
[12]郑颖人,赵尚毅.有限元强度折减法在土坡与岩坡中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(19):3381～3388.Zheng Yingren,Zhao Shangyi.Application of strength reductionFem in soil and rock slope.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanicsand Engineering,2004,23(19):3381～3388.
[13]郑颖人,赵尚毅,邓卫东.岩质边坡破坏机制有限元数值模拟分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(12):1943～1952.Zheng Yingren,Zhao Shangyi,Deng Weidong.Numericalsimulation on failure mechanism of rock slope by strengthreduction fem.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineer-ing,2003,22(12):1943～1952.
[14]郑颖人,叶海林,黄润秋.地震破坏机制及其破裂面的分析探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(8):1714～1723.Zheng Yingren,Ye Hailin,Huang Runqiu.Analysis anddiscussion of failure mechanism and fracture surface of slopeunder earthquake.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engi-neering,2009,28(8):1714～1723.
[15]林杭,曹平,宫凤强.位移突变判据中监测点的位置和位移方式分析[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(9):1433～1438.Lin Hang,Cao Ping,Gong Fengqiang.Analysis of locations anddisplacement modes of monitoring points in displacement mutationcriteria.Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2007,29(9):1433～1438.
[16]胡聿贤.地震工程学[M].北京:地震出版社,1988.Hu Yuxian.Seismic Engineering.Beijing:SeismologicalPress,1988.
[17]Itasca Consulting Group Inc.FLAC3D Version 4.0(Fast La-grangian Analysis of Continua in 3 Dimensions)User’s Manual.USA:Itasca Consulting Group Inc,2009.
[18]郑颖人,赵尚毅,张鲁渝.用有限元强度折减法进行边坡稳定分析[J].中国工程科学,2002,4(10):57～62.Zheng Yingren,Zhao Shangyi,Zhang Luyu.Slope stabilityanalysis by strength reduction FEM.Engineering Science,2002,4(10):57～62.
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