汶川地震基岩同震断层泥结构特征
|
摘要
汶川M_s8.0地震形成的地表破裂带主要沿松散沉积层分布,但在北川-映秀地表破裂带中,发现5处同震地表破裂带穿过基岩。通过详细介绍其中的4处基岩同震断层剖面,给出基岩同震断层泥的特点和识别标志。断层剖面位置从北向南:平武平溪、北川擂鼓、安县肖家桥和虹口八角庙。同震断层主要出露在相对较软的基岩中,断层长期活动形成了分带性特征显著的断层变形带,主要包括构造角砾岩、断层角砾、老断层泥和最新断层泥。其中,同震滑动产生的最新断层泥最为松软,厚度最薄,颜色最深,内部几乎不含角砾并与其他部分接触边界清晰平直。基岩同震断层泥的结构特征与断层围岩性质密切相关,当同震断层上下盘围岩由多种岩石组成,而且上下盘围岩强度差别较大时,断层变形带结构相对复杂,发育有厚层断层泥,局部存在多个滑动面;当上下盘围岩岩石组成相对单一时,断层变形带结构相对简单,断层泥厚度较薄。在野外断层变形带结构划分基础上,对部分断层剖面中的同震断层泥和断层岩进行了初步的显微结构分析,给出断层蠕滑和粘滑的显微结构特征,对同震断层泥中的流体活动方式进行了讨论。
Surface rupture zones formed by the Wenchuan M_S8.0 earthquake are mainly in loose sediments,but in the Beichuan-Yingxiu surface rupture zone,five co-sesimic faults are found to cut into bed rocks.In this paper,four of them were studied through observing and analyzing of their fault gouge.These four faults are located from north to south in Pingxi Town of Pingwu County,Leigu Town of Beichuan County,Xiaojiaqiao Town of Anxian County,and Bajiaomiao of Hongkou Town.In these four faults there are breccia,old fault gouges,and new fault gouges.The new fault gouges are different from the old fault gouges.They are dark,very thin,and very fine-grained,and have no rubble.They have sharp and straight contact boundaries with wall rocks.The structures of gouges are strongly dependent on wall rocks.Where rocks across a co-seismic fault are very different in lithology and strength,the fault gouges are thicker and have more complex structures,for example,consisting of many small slip surfaces.Where rocks across a co-seismic fault are similar in lithology,the gouges are thinner and show rather simple structures.The micro-structural characteristics of the gouges were also studied.Fluid flow could play an important role in the formation of co-seismic fault gouges.
Surface rupture zones formed by the Wenchuan M_S8.0 earthquake are mainly in loose sediments,but in the Beichuan-Yingxiu surface rupture zone,five co-sesimic faults are found to cut into bed rocks.In this paper,four of them were studied through observing and analyzing of their fault gouge.These four faults are located from north to south in Pingxi Town of Pingwu County,Leigu Town of Beichuan County,Xiaojiaqiao Town of Anxian County,and Bajiaomiao of Hongkou Town.In these four faults there are breccia,old fault gouges,and new fault gouges.The new fault gouges are different from the old fault gouges.They are dark,very thin,and very fine-grained,and have no rubble.They have sharp and straight contact boundaries with wall rocks.The structures of gouges are strongly dependent on wall rocks.Where rocks across a co-seismic fault are very different in lithology and strength,the fault gouges are thicker and have more complex structures,for example,consisting of many small slip surfaces.Where rocks across a co-seismic fault are similar in lithology,the gouges are thinner and show rather simple structures.The micro-structural characteristics of the gouges were also studied.Fluid flow could play an important role in the formation of co-seismic fault gouges.
引文
1 徐锡伟,闻学泽,叶建青等.汶川M_S8． 0地震地表破裂带及其发震构造.地震地质,2008,30(3) :597-629Xu Xiwei,Wen Xueze,Ye Jianqing et al.The M_S8． 0 Wenchuan earthquake surface ruptures and its seismogenic structure. Seismology and Geology,2008,30(30) :597-629
2 张培震,徐锡伟,闻学泽等.2008年汶川8． 0级地震发震断裂的滑动速率、复发周期和构造成因.地球物理学报,2008,51(4) :1066-1073 Zhang Peizhen,Xu Xiwei,Wen Xueze et al.Slip rates and recurrence intervals of the Longmen Shan active fault zone,and tectonic implications for the mechanism of the May 12 Wenehuan earthquake,2008,Sichuan,China.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2008,51(4) :1066-1073
3 Xu Zhiqin,Ji Shaocheng,Li Haibing et al.Uplift of the Longmen Shan range and the Wenchuan earthquake.Episodes,2008,31 (3) :291-301
4 刘静,张智慧,文力等.汶川8级大地震同震破裂的特殊性及构造意义--多条平行断裂同时活动的反序型逆冲地震事件.地质学报,2008,82(12) :1707-1722 Liu Jing,Zhang Zhihui,Wen Li et al.The M_S8． 0 Wenchuan earthquake co-seismic rupture and its tectonic implications--An out-of-sequence thrusting event with slip partitioned on multiple faults.Acta Geologica Sinca,2008,82 (12) :1707-1722
5 付碧宏,王萍,孔屏等.四川汶川5． 12大地震同震滑动断层泥的发现及构造意义.岩石学报,2008,24(10) :2237-2243 Fu Bihong,Wang Ping,Kong Ping et al.Preliminary study of coseismic fault gouge occurred in the slip zone of the Wenchuan M_ 8． 0 earthquake and its tectonic implications.Acta Petrologica Sinica,2008,24 (10) :2237-2243
6 何宏林,孙昭民,魏占玉等.汶川M_S8． 0地震地表破裂带白沙河段破裂及其位移特征.地震地质,2008,30(3) :658-673 He Honglin,Sun Zhaomin,Wei Zhanyu et al.Rupture of the M_S8． 0 Wenchuan earthquake along Baishahe River.Seismology and Geology,2008,30 (3) :658-673
7 李细光,于贵华,徐锡伟.汶川M_S8． 0地震基岩中的地表破裂.地震地质,2008,30(4) :989-995 Li Xiguang,Yu Guihua,Xu Xiwei.Surface rupture in bed rock of the M_S8． 0 Wenchuan earthquake.Seismology and Geology,2008,30 (4) :989-995
8 杨晓平,冯希杰,戈天勇等.龙门山断裂带北段第四纪活动的地质地貌证据.地震地质,2008,30(3) :644-657 Yang Xiaoping,Feng Xijie,Ge Tianyong et al.Geological and geomorphic evidence for the Quaternary activity on the northeast segment of Longmenshan fault zone.Seismology and Geology,2008,30 (3) :644-657
9 闫亮,李勇,Densmore A L等.北川地区擂鼓断裂在汶川地震中的地标破裂及其意义.第四纪研究,2009,29(3) :535-545 Yan Liang,Li Yong,Densmore A L et al.Surface rupture of Leigu fault in Beichuan area after the Wenchuan Earthquake,and its significance.Quaternary Sciences,2009,29 (3) :535-545
10 董顺利,李勇,陈龙生等.汶川M_S8． 0地震的地表破裂过程--以都江堰八角庙村断层擦痕剖面为例.第四纪研究,2009,29 (3) :439-448 Dong Shunli,Li Yong,Chen Longsheng et al.Surface rupturing of Wenchuan M_S8． 0 Earthquake based on fault scratch at Bajiaomiao,Dujiangyan.Quaternary Sciences,2009,29(3) :439-448
11 何宏林,孙昭民,王世元等.汶川M_S8． 0地震地表破裂带.地震地质,2008,30(2) :359-363 He Honglin,Sun Zhaomin,Wang Shiyuan et al.Rupture of the M_S8． 0 Wenchuan earthquake.Seismology and Geology,2008,30(2) :359-363
12 李勇,黄润秋,Densmore A L等.龙门山小鱼洞断裂在汶川地震中的地表破裂及地质意义第四纪研究,2009,29(3) :502-512 Li Yong,Huang Runqiu,Densmore A L et al.Surface rupture of Xiaoyundong fault caused by Wenchuan Earthquake and its geological significance.Quaternary Sciences,2009,29 (3) :502-512
13 陈桂华,徐锡伟,郑荣章等.2008年汶川M_S8． 0地震地表破裂变形定量分析--北川-映秀断裂地表破裂带.地震地质,2008,30(3) :723-738 Chen Guihua,Xu Xiwei,Zheng Rongzhang et al.Quantitative analysis of the co-seismic surface rupture of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake,Sichuan,China along the Beichuan-Yingxiu fault.Seismology and Geology,2008,30 (3) :723-738
14 马保起,张世民,田勤俭等.汶川8． 0级地震地表破裂带.第四纪研究,2008,28(4) :513-517 Ma Baoqi,Zhang Shimin,Tian Qinjian et al.The surface rupture of Wenchuan Earthquake (M_S8． 0) .Quaternary Sciences,2008,28(4) :513-517
15 李传友,魏占玉.2008年汶川M_S8． 0地震北川以北段地表破裂变形的主要样式.第四纪研究,2009． 29(3) :416-425 Li Chuanyou,Wei Zhanyu.Representative patterns of coseismic deformation along surface rupture north to Beichuan city of 2008 Wenchuan M_S8． 0 Earthquake.Quaternary Sciences,2009,29 (3) :416-425
16 李海兵,王宗秀,付小方等.2008年5月12日汶川地震(M_8． 0) 地表破裂带的分布特征.中国地质.2008． 35(5) :803-813 Li Haibing,Wang Zongxiu,Fu Xiaofang et al.The surface rupture zone distribution of the Wenchuan earthquake(M_S8． 0) happened on May 12 th,2008． Geology in China,2008,35 (5) :803-813
17 付碧宏,时丕龙,张之武.四川汶川M_S8． 0大地震地表破裂带的遥感影像解析.地质学报,2008,82(12) :1679-1687 Fu Bihong,Shi Pilong,Zhang Zhiwu.Spatial characteristics of the surface rupture produced by the M_S8． 0 Wenchuan earthquake using high-resolution remote sensing imagery.Acta Gelologica Siaica,2008,82(12) :1679-1687
18 李海兵,司家亮,付小方等.2008年汶川地震同震滑移特征、最大滑移量及构造意义.第四纪研究,2009,29(3) :387-402 Li Haibing,Si Jialiang,Fu Xiaofang et al.Co-seismic rupture and maximum displacement of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and its tectonic implications.Quaternary Sciences,2009,29(3) :387-402
19 李勇,黄润秋,Densmore A L等.龙门山彭县-灌县断裂的活动构造与地表破裂.第四纪研究,2009,29(3) :403-415 Li Yong,Huang Runqiu,Densmore A L et al.Active tectonics and surface rupture of the Pengxian-Guanxian fault,Longmen Mountain,Sichuan China.Quaternary Sciences,2009,29 (3) :403-415
20 刘静,孙杰,张智慧等.汶川地震映秀-北川地表破裂带虹 口乡段精细填图、位移特征和地震构造分析.第四纪研究,2010,30(1) :1-29 Liu Jing,Sun Jie,Zhang Zhihui et al.Detailed mapping of surface rupture of the Wenchuan M_S8． 0 earthquake near Hongkou and seismotectonic implications.Quaternary Sciences,2010,30 (1) :1-29
21 王萍,付碧宏,张斌等.汶川8． 0级地震地表破裂带与岩性关系.地球物理学报,2009,52(1) :131-139 Wang Ping,Fu Bihong,Zhang Bin et al.Relationships between surface ruptures and lithologic characteristics of the Wenchuan M_S8． 0 earthquke.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2009,52 (1) :131-139
22 周永胜,何昌荣.汶川地震区的流变结构与发震高角度逆断层滑动的力学条件.地球物理学报,2009,52(2) :474-484 Zhou Yongsheng,He Changrong.The rheological structures of crust and mechanics of high-angle reverse fault slip for Wenchuan M_S8． 0 earthquake.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2009,52 (2) :474-484
23 代树红,马胜利,潘一山等.隐伏逆断层破裂扩展特征的实验研究及其地震地质意义.地震地质,2008,30(4) :644-657 Dai Shuhong,Ma Shengli,Pan Yishan et al.Experimental study on rupture propagation of buried reverse falut and its seismogeological significance.Seismology and Geology,2008,30 (4) :644-657
24 Sibon R H.Fault rocks and rock deformation in crustal fault zones.Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences,1973,14:149-175
25 Ma Kuofong,Tanaka H,Song Shengrong et al.Slip zone and energetics of a large earthquake from the Taiwan Chelungpu-fault Drilling Project.Nature,2006,444:473-476
26 Robertson E C.Relationship of fault displacement to gouge and breccia thickness.Transaction of American Institute of Mining,Metallurgical,and Petroleum Engineers,1983,35:1426-1432
27 Sibson R H.Thickness of the seismics slip zone.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2003,93 (3) :1169-1178
28 林传勇,史兰斌,刘行松等.断层泥在基岩区断层新活动研究中的意义.中国地震,1995,11(1) :26-32 Lin Chuanyong,Shi Lanbin,Liu Xingsong et al.Significance of fault gouge in the study of recent activity of fault in bedrock area.Earthquke Research in China,1995,11 (1) :26-32
29 Hirono T,Sakaguchi M,Otsuki K et al.S-R.Characterization of slip zone associated with the 1999 Taiwan Chi-Chi earthquake:X-ray CT image analyses and microstructural observations of the Taiwan Chelungpu fault.Tectonophysics,2008,449:63-84
30 Shin Tzaychyn Teng Taliang.An overview of the 1999 Chi-Chi,Taiwan,earthquake.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2001,91:895-913
31 Hashimoto Y,Ujiie K,Sakaguchi A et al.Characteristics and implications of clay minerals in the northern and souther parts of the Chelung-pu fault,Taiwan.Tectonophysics,2007,443:233-242
32 Hirono T,Lin Weiren,Yeh Enchao et al.High magnetic susceptibility of fault gouge within Taiwan Chelungpu fault: Nondestructive continuous measurements of physical and chemical properties in fault rocks recovered from Hole B,TCDP.Geophysical Research Letters,2006,33:L15303,doi:10． 1029/2006GL026133
33 Otsuki K,Uduki T,Monzawa N et al.Clayey injection veins and pseudotachylyte from two boreholes penetrating the Chelungpu Fault,Taiwan:Their implications for the contrastive seismic slip behaviors during the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake.Island Arc,2005,14:22-36
34 Sone H,Yeh En-Chao,Nakaya T et al.Mesoscopic structural observations of cores from the Chelungpu fault system,Taiwan Chelungpu-fault Drilling Project Hole-A,Taiwan.Terrestrial Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences,2007,18:359-377
35 Huang S T,Wu J C,Hung J H et al.Studies of sedimentary facies,stratigraphy,and deformation structures of the Chelungpu fault zone on cores from drilled wells in Fengyuan and Nantou,Central Taiwan.Tao,2002,13 (3) :253-278
36 Otsaki K,Monzawa N.Constrasting Fault Rocks from Two Boreholes Penetrating Chelung-pu Fault,Taiwan.Taiwan:ICDP Workshop on Drilling the Chelungpu Fault,2001． 90-92
37 He Changrong,Wang Zeli,Yao Wenming.Frictional sliding of gabbro gouge under hydrothermal conditions.Tectonophysics,2007,445:353-362
38 He Changrong,Yao Wenming,Wang Zeli et al.Strength and stability of frictional sliding of gabbro gouge at elevated temperatures.Tectonophysics,2006,427:217-229
39 Han R,Shimamoto T,Hirose T et al.Ultra low friction of carbonate faults caused by thermal decomposition.Science,316:878-881
40 张秉良,方仲景,段瑞涛等.程各庄断裂断层泥显微结构特征及其断裂活动性探讨.华北地震科学,1996,14(4) :31-39 Zhang Bingliang,Fang Zhongjing,Duan Ruitao et al.Microstructural features of gouges and their implication in Chenggezhuang fault.North China Earthquake Sciences,1996,14 (4) :31-39
41 张秉良,刘桂芬,方仲景等.云南小湾断层泥中伊利石矿物特征及其意义.地震地质,1994,16(1) :89-96 Zhang Bingliang,Liu Guifen,Fang Zhongjing et al.Characteristics of illite minerals in fault gouge from Xiaowan,Yunnan and their geological significance.Seismology and Geology,1994,16(1) :89-96
42 张秉良,林传勇,史兰斌.香山-天景山断裂断层泥显微构造特征及其地质意义.中国科学(D辑),2002,32(3) :184-190 Zhang Bingliang,Lin Chuanyong,Shi Lanbin.Microstructur features of fault gouges from Tianjingshan-Xiangshan fault zone an their geological implications.Science in China(Series D),2002,3(3) :184-190
43 张秉良,周永胜.含有粘土矿物断层泥地震与非地震标志.吉首大学学报(自然科学版),2000,21(4) :67-71 Zhang Bingliang,Zhou Yongsheng.The fabric of clay gouge and their implication.Journal of Jishou University (Natural Science),2000,21(4) :67-71
44 Logan J M,Friedman M,Higgs N et al.Experimental studies of simulated gouge and their application to studies of natural fault zones.In:Proceeding of Conference Ⅷ:Analysis of Actual Fault Zones in Bedrock.U.S.Geological Survey Open-File Report,1979． 305-343
45 马瑾,Moore D E,Summers R等.温度、压力、孔隙压力对断层泥强度及其滑动性质的影响.地震地质,1985,7(1) :15-24 Ma Jin,Moore D E,Summers R et al.The effect of temperature,pressure and pore pressure on the strength and sliding behavior of the gouges.Sesimology and Geology,1985,7 (1) :15-24
46 马胜利,马瑾.石英和方解石剪切带变形组构的实验研究.地震地质,1987,9(4) :1-9 Ma Shengli,Ma Jin.Experimental study on deformation fabrics of quartz and calcite in shear zone.Sesimology and Geology,1987,9(4) :1-9
47 Moore D E,Summers R,Byerlee J D.Sliding behavior and deformation textures of heated illite gouge.Journal of Structural Geology,1989,11 (3) :329-342
48 罗丽,何昌荣.热水条件下斜长石和辉石断层泥的摩擦滑动研究.地震地质,2009,31(1) :84-96 Luo Li,He Changrong.Frictional sliding of pyroxene and plagioclase gouges under hydrothermal conditions.Seismology and Geology,2009,31(1) :84-96
2 张培震,徐锡伟,闻学泽等.2008年汶川8． 0级地震发震断裂的滑动速率、复发周期和构造成因.地球物理学报,2008,51(4) :1066-1073 Zhang Peizhen,Xu Xiwei,Wen Xueze et al.Slip rates and recurrence intervals of the Longmen Shan active fault zone,and tectonic implications for the mechanism of the May 12 Wenehuan earthquake,2008,Sichuan,China.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2008,51(4) :1066-1073
3 Xu Zhiqin,Ji Shaocheng,Li Haibing et al.Uplift of the Longmen Shan range and the Wenchuan earthquake.Episodes,2008,31 (3) :291-301
4 刘静,张智慧,文力等.汶川8级大地震同震破裂的特殊性及构造意义--多条平行断裂同时活动的反序型逆冲地震事件.地质学报,2008,82(12) :1707-1722 Liu Jing,Zhang Zhihui,Wen Li et al.The M_S8． 0 Wenchuan earthquake co-seismic rupture and its tectonic implications--An out-of-sequence thrusting event with slip partitioned on multiple faults.Acta Geologica Sinca,2008,82 (12) :1707-1722
5 付碧宏,王萍,孔屏等.四川汶川5． 12大地震同震滑动断层泥的发现及构造意义.岩石学报,2008,24(10) :2237-2243 Fu Bihong,Wang Ping,Kong Ping et al.Preliminary study of coseismic fault gouge occurred in the slip zone of the Wenchuan M_ 8． 0 earthquake and its tectonic implications.Acta Petrologica Sinica,2008,24 (10) :2237-2243
6 何宏林,孙昭民,魏占玉等.汶川M_S8． 0地震地表破裂带白沙河段破裂及其位移特征.地震地质,2008,30(3) :658-673 He Honglin,Sun Zhaomin,Wei Zhanyu et al.Rupture of the M_S8． 0 Wenchuan earthquake along Baishahe River.Seismology and Geology,2008,30 (3) :658-673
7 李细光,于贵华,徐锡伟.汶川M_S8． 0地震基岩中的地表破裂.地震地质,2008,30(4) :989-995 Li Xiguang,Yu Guihua,Xu Xiwei.Surface rupture in bed rock of the M_S8． 0 Wenchuan earthquake.Seismology and Geology,2008,30 (4) :989-995
8 杨晓平,冯希杰,戈天勇等.龙门山断裂带北段第四纪活动的地质地貌证据.地震地质,2008,30(3) :644-657 Yang Xiaoping,Feng Xijie,Ge Tianyong et al.Geological and geomorphic evidence for the Quaternary activity on the northeast segment of Longmenshan fault zone.Seismology and Geology,2008,30 (3) :644-657
9 闫亮,李勇,Densmore A L等.北川地区擂鼓断裂在汶川地震中的地标破裂及其意义.第四纪研究,2009,29(3) :535-545 Yan Liang,Li Yong,Densmore A L et al.Surface rupture of Leigu fault in Beichuan area after the Wenchuan Earthquake,and its significance.Quaternary Sciences,2009,29 (3) :535-545
10 董顺利,李勇,陈龙生等.汶川M_S8． 0地震的地表破裂过程--以都江堰八角庙村断层擦痕剖面为例.第四纪研究,2009,29 (3) :439-448 Dong Shunli,Li Yong,Chen Longsheng et al.Surface rupturing of Wenchuan M_S8． 0 Earthquake based on fault scratch at Bajiaomiao,Dujiangyan.Quaternary Sciences,2009,29(3) :439-448
11 何宏林,孙昭民,王世元等.汶川M_S8． 0地震地表破裂带.地震地质,2008,30(2) :359-363 He Honglin,Sun Zhaomin,Wang Shiyuan et al.Rupture of the M_S8． 0 Wenchuan earthquake.Seismology and Geology,2008,30(2) :359-363
12 李勇,黄润秋,Densmore A L等.龙门山小鱼洞断裂在汶川地震中的地表破裂及地质意义第四纪研究,2009,29(3) :502-512 Li Yong,Huang Runqiu,Densmore A L et al.Surface rupture of Xiaoyundong fault caused by Wenchuan Earthquake and its geological significance.Quaternary Sciences,2009,29 (3) :502-512
13 陈桂华,徐锡伟,郑荣章等.2008年汶川M_S8． 0地震地表破裂变形定量分析--北川-映秀断裂地表破裂带.地震地质,2008,30(3) :723-738 Chen Guihua,Xu Xiwei,Zheng Rongzhang et al.Quantitative analysis of the co-seismic surface rupture of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake,Sichuan,China along the Beichuan-Yingxiu fault.Seismology and Geology,2008,30 (3) :723-738
14 马保起,张世民,田勤俭等.汶川8． 0级地震地表破裂带.第四纪研究,2008,28(4) :513-517 Ma Baoqi,Zhang Shimin,Tian Qinjian et al.The surface rupture of Wenchuan Earthquake (M_S8． 0) .Quaternary Sciences,2008,28(4) :513-517
15 李传友,魏占玉.2008年汶川M_S8． 0地震北川以北段地表破裂变形的主要样式.第四纪研究,2009． 29(3) :416-425 Li Chuanyou,Wei Zhanyu.Representative patterns of coseismic deformation along surface rupture north to Beichuan city of 2008 Wenchuan M_S8． 0 Earthquake.Quaternary Sciences,2009,29 (3) :416-425
16 李海兵,王宗秀,付小方等.2008年5月12日汶川地震(M_8． 0) 地表破裂带的分布特征.中国地质.2008． 35(5) :803-813 Li Haibing,Wang Zongxiu,Fu Xiaofang et al.The surface rupture zone distribution of the Wenchuan earthquake(M_S8． 0) happened on May 12 th,2008． Geology in China,2008,35 (5) :803-813
17 付碧宏,时丕龙,张之武.四川汶川M_S8． 0大地震地表破裂带的遥感影像解析.地质学报,2008,82(12) :1679-1687 Fu Bihong,Shi Pilong,Zhang Zhiwu.Spatial characteristics of the surface rupture produced by the M_S8． 0 Wenchuan earthquake using high-resolution remote sensing imagery.Acta Gelologica Siaica,2008,82(12) :1679-1687
18 李海兵,司家亮,付小方等.2008年汶川地震同震滑移特征、最大滑移量及构造意义.第四纪研究,2009,29(3) :387-402 Li Haibing,Si Jialiang,Fu Xiaofang et al.Co-seismic rupture and maximum displacement of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and its tectonic implications.Quaternary Sciences,2009,29(3) :387-402
19 李勇,黄润秋,Densmore A L等.龙门山彭县-灌县断裂的活动构造与地表破裂.第四纪研究,2009,29(3) :403-415 Li Yong,Huang Runqiu,Densmore A L et al.Active tectonics and surface rupture of the Pengxian-Guanxian fault,Longmen Mountain,Sichuan China.Quaternary Sciences,2009,29 (3) :403-415
20 刘静,孙杰,张智慧等.汶川地震映秀-北川地表破裂带虹 口乡段精细填图、位移特征和地震构造分析.第四纪研究,2010,30(1) :1-29 Liu Jing,Sun Jie,Zhang Zhihui et al.Detailed mapping of surface rupture of the Wenchuan M_S8． 0 earthquake near Hongkou and seismotectonic implications.Quaternary Sciences,2010,30 (1) :1-29
21 王萍,付碧宏,张斌等.汶川8． 0级地震地表破裂带与岩性关系.地球物理学报,2009,52(1) :131-139 Wang Ping,Fu Bihong,Zhang Bin et al.Relationships between surface ruptures and lithologic characteristics of the Wenchuan M_S8． 0 earthquke.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2009,52 (1) :131-139
22 周永胜,何昌荣.汶川地震区的流变结构与发震高角度逆断层滑动的力学条件.地球物理学报,2009,52(2) :474-484 Zhou Yongsheng,He Changrong.The rheological structures of crust and mechanics of high-angle reverse fault slip for Wenchuan M_S8． 0 earthquake.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2009,52 (2) :474-484
23 代树红,马胜利,潘一山等.隐伏逆断层破裂扩展特征的实验研究及其地震地质意义.地震地质,2008,30(4) :644-657 Dai Shuhong,Ma Shengli,Pan Yishan et al.Experimental study on rupture propagation of buried reverse falut and its seismogeological significance.Seismology and Geology,2008,30 (4) :644-657
24 Sibon R H.Fault rocks and rock deformation in crustal fault zones.Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences,1973,14:149-175
25 Ma Kuofong,Tanaka H,Song Shengrong et al.Slip zone and energetics of a large earthquake from the Taiwan Chelungpu-fault Drilling Project.Nature,2006,444:473-476
26 Robertson E C.Relationship of fault displacement to gouge and breccia thickness.Transaction of American Institute of Mining,Metallurgical,and Petroleum Engineers,1983,35:1426-1432
27 Sibson R H.Thickness of the seismics slip zone.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2003,93 (3) :1169-1178
28 林传勇,史兰斌,刘行松等.断层泥在基岩区断层新活动研究中的意义.中国地震,1995,11(1) :26-32 Lin Chuanyong,Shi Lanbin,Liu Xingsong et al.Significance of fault gouge in the study of recent activity of fault in bedrock area.Earthquke Research in China,1995,11 (1) :26-32
29 Hirono T,Sakaguchi M,Otsuki K et al.S-R.Characterization of slip zone associated with the 1999 Taiwan Chi-Chi earthquake:X-ray CT image analyses and microstructural observations of the Taiwan Chelungpu fault.Tectonophysics,2008,449:63-84
30 Shin Tzaychyn Teng Taliang.An overview of the 1999 Chi-Chi,Taiwan,earthquake.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2001,91:895-913
31 Hashimoto Y,Ujiie K,Sakaguchi A et al.Characteristics and implications of clay minerals in the northern and souther parts of the Chelung-pu fault,Taiwan.Tectonophysics,2007,443:233-242
32 Hirono T,Lin Weiren,Yeh Enchao et al.High magnetic susceptibility of fault gouge within Taiwan Chelungpu fault: Nondestructive continuous measurements of physical and chemical properties in fault rocks recovered from Hole B,TCDP.Geophysical Research Letters,2006,33:L15303,doi:10． 1029/2006GL026133
33 Otsuki K,Uduki T,Monzawa N et al.Clayey injection veins and pseudotachylyte from two boreholes penetrating the Chelungpu Fault,Taiwan:Their implications for the contrastive seismic slip behaviors during the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake.Island Arc,2005,14:22-36
34 Sone H,Yeh En-Chao,Nakaya T et al.Mesoscopic structural observations of cores from the Chelungpu fault system,Taiwan Chelungpu-fault Drilling Project Hole-A,Taiwan.Terrestrial Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences,2007,18:359-377
35 Huang S T,Wu J C,Hung J H et al.Studies of sedimentary facies,stratigraphy,and deformation structures of the Chelungpu fault zone on cores from drilled wells in Fengyuan and Nantou,Central Taiwan.Tao,2002,13 (3) :253-278
36 Otsaki K,Monzawa N.Constrasting Fault Rocks from Two Boreholes Penetrating Chelung-pu Fault,Taiwan.Taiwan:ICDP Workshop on Drilling the Chelungpu Fault,2001． 90-92
37 He Changrong,Wang Zeli,Yao Wenming.Frictional sliding of gabbro gouge under hydrothermal conditions.Tectonophysics,2007,445:353-362
38 He Changrong,Yao Wenming,Wang Zeli et al.Strength and stability of frictional sliding of gabbro gouge at elevated temperatures.Tectonophysics,2006,427:217-229
39 Han R,Shimamoto T,Hirose T et al.Ultra low friction of carbonate faults caused by thermal decomposition.Science,316:878-881
40 张秉良,方仲景,段瑞涛等.程各庄断裂断层泥显微结构特征及其断裂活动性探讨.华北地震科学,1996,14(4) :31-39 Zhang Bingliang,Fang Zhongjing,Duan Ruitao et al.Microstructural features of gouges and their implication in Chenggezhuang fault.North China Earthquake Sciences,1996,14 (4) :31-39
41 张秉良,刘桂芬,方仲景等.云南小湾断层泥中伊利石矿物特征及其意义.地震地质,1994,16(1) :89-96 Zhang Bingliang,Liu Guifen,Fang Zhongjing et al.Characteristics of illite minerals in fault gouge from Xiaowan,Yunnan and their geological significance.Seismology and Geology,1994,16(1) :89-96
42 张秉良,林传勇,史兰斌.香山-天景山断裂断层泥显微构造特征及其地质意义.中国科学(D辑),2002,32(3) :184-190 Zhang Bingliang,Lin Chuanyong,Shi Lanbin.Microstructur features of fault gouges from Tianjingshan-Xiangshan fault zone an their geological implications.Science in China(Series D),2002,3(3) :184-190
43 张秉良,周永胜.含有粘土矿物断层泥地震与非地震标志.吉首大学学报(自然科学版),2000,21(4) :67-71 Zhang Bingliang,Zhou Yongsheng.The fabric of clay gouge and their implication.Journal of Jishou University (Natural Science),2000,21(4) :67-71
44 Logan J M,Friedman M,Higgs N et al.Experimental studies of simulated gouge and their application to studies of natural fault zones.In:Proceeding of Conference Ⅷ:Analysis of Actual Fault Zones in Bedrock.U.S.Geological Survey Open-File Report,1979． 305-343
45 马瑾,Moore D E,Summers R等.温度、压力、孔隙压力对断层泥强度及其滑动性质的影响.地震地质,1985,7(1) :15-24 Ma Jin,Moore D E,Summers R et al.The effect of temperature,pressure and pore pressure on the strength and sliding behavior of the gouges.Sesimology and Geology,1985,7 (1) :15-24
46 马胜利,马瑾.石英和方解石剪切带变形组构的实验研究.地震地质,1987,9(4) :1-9 Ma Shengli,Ma Jin.Experimental study on deformation fabrics of quartz and calcite in shear zone.Sesimology and Geology,1987,9(4) :1-9
47 Moore D E,Summers R,Byerlee J D.Sliding behavior and deformation textures of heated illite gouge.Journal of Structural Geology,1989,11 (3) :329-342
48 罗丽,何昌荣.热水条件下斜长石和辉石断层泥的摩擦滑动研究.地震地质,2009,31(1) :84-96 Luo Li,He Changrong.Frictional sliding of pyroxene and plagioclase gouges under hydrothermal conditions.Seismology and Geology,2009,31(1) :84-96
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心