基于变形的土石坝地震易损性分析
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摘要
地震易损性分析是地震风险分析的重要组成部分,可以预测结构在遭受不同等级地震荷载作用下发生各级破损的概率。土石坝在地震作用下易发生不同程度的破坏,对其进行易损性分析可以为土石坝地震风险分析及评价提供有效途径。考虑土石坝材料参数及地震动输入不确定性因素的影响,提出了基于变形的土石坝地震易损性分析方法。采用正交设计法选取材料参数样本组合,分别施加不同地震峰值加速度进行地震反应分析,基于坝顶相对沉陷破损评价指标,给出了大坝的易损性曲线。以云鹏心墙土石坝为例进行了地震易损性分析,得到大坝不同震损等级的风险概率,对土石坝地震风险评估和抗震设计优化、维修加固决策等具有重要意义和应用价值。
Seismic fragility is an important part of seismic risk analysis,which can be adopted to predict the probabilities of structural damage induced by different levels of earthquakes.The fragility analysis provides an effective way for the seismic risk analysis and evaluation of earth-rockfill dams due to the dam performance with different degrees of damage under earthquakes.Considering the uncertainties of earth-rockfill dam material parameters and ground motion effect,a seismic fragility analysis method for earth-rockfill dams is proposed.Seismic response analysis is undertaken by using different peak accelerations of earthquakes.The combinations of material parameter samples are obtained by means of the method of orthogonal design.A fragility curve of the dam is proposed based on the relative settlement of the dam crest which serves as a seismic damage evaluation index.The seismic fragility analysis is applied in the Yunpeng Core Earth-rockfill Dam,and the risk probabilities with different seismic damages are obtained.This research is of great significance and applicable value for seismic risk assessment,seismic design,reinforcement and maintenance measures of earth-rockfill dams.
Seismic fragility is an important part of seismic risk analysis,which can be adopted to predict the probabilities of structural damage induced by different levels of earthquakes.The fragility analysis provides an effective way for the seismic risk analysis and evaluation of earth-rockfill dams due to the dam performance with different degrees of damage under earthquakes.Considering the uncertainties of earth-rockfill dam material parameters and ground motion effect,a seismic fragility analysis method for earth-rockfill dams is proposed.Seismic response analysis is undertaken by using different peak accelerations of earthquakes.The combinations of material parameter samples are obtained by means of the method of orthogonal design.A fragility curve of the dam is proposed based on the relative settlement of the dam crest which serves as a seismic damage evaluation index.The seismic fragility analysis is applied in the Yunpeng Core Earth-rockfill Dam,and the risk probabilities with different seismic damages are obtained.This research is of great significance and applicable value for seismic risk assessment,seismic design,reinforcement and maintenance measures of earth-rockfill dams.
引文
[1]KENNEDY R P.Seismic fragilities for nuclear power plantrisk studies[J].Nuclear Engineering and Design,1980,59(2):315-338.
[2]KENNEDY R P,RAVINDRA M K.Seismic fragilities fornuclear power plant risk studies[J].Nuclear Engineering andDesign,1984,79(1):47-68.
[3]TEKIE P B,ELLINGOOD B R.Seismic fragility assessmentof concrete gravity dams[J].Earthquake Engineering andStructura1 Dynamics,2003,32(14):221-224.
[4]PAPADRAKAKIS Manolis,PAPADOPOULOS Vissarion.Vulnerability analysis of large conerete dams using thecontinuum strong discontinuity approach and neura1networks[J].Structura1 Safety,2008,30(3):217-235.
[5]沈怀至,金峰,张楚汉.基于性能的重力坝-地基系统地震易损性分析[J].工程力学,2008,25(12):86-91.(SHEN Huai-zhi,JIN Feng,ZHANG Chu-han.Performance-based seismic fragility analysis of concretegravity-foudation system[J].Engineering Mechanics,2008,25(12):86-91.(in Chinese))
[6]常宝琦,梁纪彬.土坝的地震易损性和震害速评[J].华南地震,1994,14(3):46-56.(CHANG Bao-qi,LIANG Ji-bin.Vulnerbility and evaluation of seismic damage for earthdams[J].South China Journal of Seismology,1994,14(3):46-56.(in Chinese))
[7]KARIM K R,YAMAZAKI Fumio.Effect of earthquakeground motions on fragility curves of highway bridge piersbased on numerical simulation[J].Earthquake Engineeringand Structural Dynamics,2001,30(12):1839-1856.
[8]张继周,缪林昌.岩土参数概率分布类型及其选择标准[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(增刊2):3526-3532.(ZHANG Ji-zhou,MIAO Lin-chang.Types and selectioncriteria of probability distribution of rock and soilparameters[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2009,28(S2):3526-3532.(in Chinese))
[9]陈立宏,陈祖煜,刘金梅.土体抗剪强度指标的概率分布类型研究[J].岩土力学,2005,26(1):37-40,45.(CHENLi-hong,CHEN Zu-yu,LIU Jin-mei.Probability distributionof soil strength[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(1):37-40,45.(in Chinese))
[10]GB/T24336—2009.生命线工程地震破坏等级划分[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.(GB/T24336—2009.Classification of earthquake damage to lifelineengineering[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China.(inChinese))
[11]李红军,迟世春,林皋,等.高土石坝地震永久变形研究评述[J].水利学报,2007(增刊):178-183.(LI Hong-jun,CHI Shi-chun,LIN Gao.et al.Review on the seismicallypermanent deformation of high earth rock-fill dams[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2007(S0):178-183.(inChinese))
[12]SWAISGOOD J R.Embankment dam deformations causedby earthquakes[C]//2003 Pacific Conference on EarthquakeEngineering[CD-ROM].Christchurch,2003.
[13]王笃波,刘汉龙,于陶.基于变形的土石坝地震风险分析[J].岩土力学,2012,33(5):1479-1484.(WANG Du-bo,LIU Han-long,YU Tao.Seismic risk analysis forearth-rockfill dam based on deformation[J].Rock and SoilMechanics,2012,33(5):1479-1484.(in Chinese))
[14]陈魁.试验设计与分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.(CHEN Kui.Experimental design and analyses[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2005.(in Chinese))
[15]刘汉龙,丁选明,杨贵,等.云鹏水电站心墙土石坝有限元动力分析报告[R].南京:河海大学,2010.(LIUHan-long,DING Xuan-ming,YANG Gui,et al.The 3D finiteelement stress and strain research report of the Yunpenghydropower station rockfill dam[R].Nanjing:HohaiUniversity,2010.(in Chinese))
[16]刘汉龙,陆兆溱,钱家欢.土石坝地震永久变形分析[J].河海大学学报,1996,24(1):91-96.(LIU Han-long,LUZhao-zhen,QIAN Jia-huan,Earthquake-induced permanentdeformation of earth-rock dams[J].Journal of HohaiUniversity,1996,24(1):91-96.(in Chinese))
[2]KENNEDY R P,RAVINDRA M K.Seismic fragilities fornuclear power plant risk studies[J].Nuclear Engineering andDesign,1984,79(1):47-68.
[3]TEKIE P B,ELLINGOOD B R.Seismic fragility assessmentof concrete gravity dams[J].Earthquake Engineering andStructura1 Dynamics,2003,32(14):221-224.
[4]PAPADRAKAKIS Manolis,PAPADOPOULOS Vissarion.Vulnerability analysis of large conerete dams using thecontinuum strong discontinuity approach and neura1networks[J].Structura1 Safety,2008,30(3):217-235.
[5]沈怀至,金峰,张楚汉.基于性能的重力坝-地基系统地震易损性分析[J].工程力学,2008,25(12):86-91.(SHEN Huai-zhi,JIN Feng,ZHANG Chu-han.Performance-based seismic fragility analysis of concretegravity-foudation system[J].Engineering Mechanics,2008,25(12):86-91.(in Chinese))
[6]常宝琦,梁纪彬.土坝的地震易损性和震害速评[J].华南地震,1994,14(3):46-56.(CHANG Bao-qi,LIANG Ji-bin.Vulnerbility and evaluation of seismic damage for earthdams[J].South China Journal of Seismology,1994,14(3):46-56.(in Chinese))
[7]KARIM K R,YAMAZAKI Fumio.Effect of earthquakeground motions on fragility curves of highway bridge piersbased on numerical simulation[J].Earthquake Engineeringand Structural Dynamics,2001,30(12):1839-1856.
[8]张继周,缪林昌.岩土参数概率分布类型及其选择标准[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(增刊2):3526-3532.(ZHANG Ji-zhou,MIAO Lin-chang.Types and selectioncriteria of probability distribution of rock and soilparameters[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2009,28(S2):3526-3532.(in Chinese))
[9]陈立宏,陈祖煜,刘金梅.土体抗剪强度指标的概率分布类型研究[J].岩土力学,2005,26(1):37-40,45.(CHENLi-hong,CHEN Zu-yu,LIU Jin-mei.Probability distributionof soil strength[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(1):37-40,45.(in Chinese))
[10]GB/T24336—2009.生命线工程地震破坏等级划分[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.(GB/T24336—2009.Classification of earthquake damage to lifelineengineering[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China.(inChinese))
[11]李红军,迟世春,林皋,等.高土石坝地震永久变形研究评述[J].水利学报,2007(增刊):178-183.(LI Hong-jun,CHI Shi-chun,LIN Gao.et al.Review on the seismicallypermanent deformation of high earth rock-fill dams[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2007(S0):178-183.(inChinese))
[12]SWAISGOOD J R.Embankment dam deformations causedby earthquakes[C]//2003 Pacific Conference on EarthquakeEngineering[CD-ROM].Christchurch,2003.
[13]王笃波,刘汉龙,于陶.基于变形的土石坝地震风险分析[J].岩土力学,2012,33(5):1479-1484.(WANG Du-bo,LIU Han-long,YU Tao.Seismic risk analysis forearth-rockfill dam based on deformation[J].Rock and SoilMechanics,2012,33(5):1479-1484.(in Chinese))
[14]陈魁.试验设计与分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.(CHEN Kui.Experimental design and analyses[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2005.(in Chinese))
[15]刘汉龙,丁选明,杨贵,等.云鹏水电站心墙土石坝有限元动力分析报告[R].南京:河海大学,2010.(LIUHan-long,DING Xuan-ming,YANG Gui,et al.The 3D finiteelement stress and strain research report of the Yunpenghydropower station rockfill dam[R].Nanjing:HohaiUniversity,2010.(in Chinese))
[16]刘汉龙,陆兆溱,钱家欢.土石坝地震永久变形分析[J].河海大学学报,1996,24(1):91-96.(LIU Han-long,LUZhao-zhen,QIAN Jia-huan,Earthquake-induced permanentdeformation of earth-rock dams[J].Journal of HohaiUniversity,1996,24(1):91-96.(in Chinese))
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