地震破坏供水管网低压水力分析
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摘要
供水管网遭受地震破坏后会产生渗漏和爆管,在震后的紧急救援和修复阶期,供水管网处于低压带漏损供水状态。根据断开管段的沿程水头损失关系,提出一种在断开管段端点附加扩散器模型模拟断开点漏水,简化了断开管段的建模方法;将压力决定的节点配水量模型加入到水力分析中,避开了低压管网水力分析中的节点负压问题;利用线性搜索与回溯算法控制管网节点非线性方程组的迭代步长,确保了管网低压水力分析的全局收敛性。此方法具有建模简单,计算量小,全局收敛速度快的特点;通过示例计算及结果比较,验证了其有效性。
When the water supply network suffered earthquake damages,pipeline leaks and bursts may occur.In the period in post-earthquake emergency rescue and repair,the network is supplying water with additional outflow of damages(leaks and breaks),which result in pressure deficient.According to the frictional head loss along the break pipeline,a model with additional emitter at the endpoint of the disconnect pipeline was proposed to simulate the break,which simplifies the modeling of breaks.The pressure-dependent demand relationship was adopted in the process of pressure-deficient hydraulic simulation to avoid node negative pressure.Meanwhile a backtracking and line search procedure was utilized to control the iteration step of pipeline network nonlinear equations,which ensure the global convergence of the hydraulic simulation.The effectiveness of the proposed method was verified by a case study.
When the water supply network suffered earthquake damages,pipeline leaks and bursts may occur.In the period in post-earthquake emergency rescue and repair,the network is supplying water with additional outflow of damages(leaks and breaks),which result in pressure deficient.According to the frictional head loss along the break pipeline,a model with additional emitter at the endpoint of the disconnect pipeline was proposed to simulate the break,which simplifies the modeling of breaks.The pressure-dependent demand relationship was adopted in the process of pressure-deficient hydraulic simulation to avoid node negative pressure.Meanwhile a backtracking and line search procedure was utilized to control the iteration step of pipeline network nonlinear equations,which ensure the global convergence of the hydraulic simulation.The effectiveness of the proposed method was verified by a case study.
引文
[1]王绍伟,王永,钱正华,等.5.12地震灾区供水系统受损及恢复调研与分析[J].中国给水排水,2009,25(7):1-6.Wang S W,Wang Y,Qian Z H,et al.Investigation and analysis about damage and recovery of water supply system in 5.12earthquake areas[J].China Water&Waster Water,2009,25(7):1-6.
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[14]Todini E.A more realistic approach to the“extended period simulation”of water distribution networks[G]//Maksimovic C,Butler D,Memon F A,et al.Advances in water supply management,Balkema,Lisse,The Netherlands,2003:173-184.
[15]Gupta R,Bhave P R.Discussion of“Solution of water distribution systems under pressure-deficient conditions”by Wah Khim Ang and Paul W.Jowitt[J].Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management,2007,133(6):568-569.
[16]Siew C,Tanyimboh T T.Pressure-dependent epanet extension[J].Water Resources Management,2012,26(6):1477-1498.
[17]Giustolisi O,Kapelan Z,Savic D.Extended period simulation analysis considering valve shutdowns[J].Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management,2008,134:527-537.
[18]刘鹤年.流体力学[M].2版.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008.
[19]American Water Works Association.Water audit and leak detection[M].AWWA Manual M36,1999.
[20]Tabesh M,Asadiyani-Yekta A H,Burrows R.An integrated model to evaluate losses in water distribution systems[J].Water Resources Management,2009,23(3):477-492.
[21]Rossman L A.Epanet 2.0user manual[M].National Risk Management Research Laboratory,Office of Research and Development,U.S.Environmental Protection Agency,Cincinnati,OH,2000.
[22]周毅,陈永祥,李曦.压力决定的给水管网需水量计算方法[J].武汉大学学报:工学版,2011,44(1):79-82.Zhou Y,Chen Y X,Li X.Pressure driven water demand calculation in water supply network[J].Engineering Journal of Wuhan University,2011,44(1):79-82.
[23]Press W H,Teukolsky S A,Vetterling W T,et al.Numerical recipes:the art of scientific computing[M].3rd edition.Cambridge University Press,New York,2007.
[2]ORourke T D,Hamada M.Case studies of liquefaction and lifeline performance during past earthquakes,Volume 2:United States case studies[R].NCEER-92-002,National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research,Buffalo,NY,1992.
[3]Shinozuka M.The Hanshin-Awaji earthquake of January 17,1995:Performance of lifelines[R].NCEER-95-0015,National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research,Buffalo,NY,1995.
[4]American Lifelines Alliance.Seismic guidelines for water pipelines[S].2005.
[5]Giraffe user’s manual[M].Version 4.2.School of Civil&Environmental Engineering,Cornell University,2008.
[6]Javanbarg M B.Integrated GIS-based seismic performance assessment of water supply systems[D].Kobe:Kobe University,2008.
[7]Romero N,ORourke T D,Nozick L K,et al.Seismic hazards and water supply performance[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering,2010,14(7):1022-1043.
[8]Wu Z Y,Wang R H,Walski T M,et al.Extended global-gradient algorithm for pressure-dependent water distribution analysis[J].Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management,2009,135(1)13-22.
[9]Liu J,Yu G,Savic D.Deficient-network simulation considering pressure-dependent demand[C]//The International Conference on Pipeline and Trenchless Technology,Beijing,China,2011:886-900.
[10]陈玲俐,李杰,叶志明.震后特殊供水状态下的供水管网水力分析[J].自然灾害学报,2004,13(3):89-94.Chen L L,Li J,Ye Z M.Hydraulic analysis of postearthquake water supply network[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2004,13(3):89-94.
[11]Hwang H H M,Lin H,Shinozuka M.Seismic performance assessment of water delivery systems[J].Journal of Infrastructure Systems,ASCE,1998,4(3):118-125.
[12]高惠瑛.基于GIS供水系统地震反应分析[D].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所,2000.
[13]柳春光,何双华.城市供水管网地震时的水力分析研究[J].世界地震工程,2010,26(2),25-29.Liu C G,He S H.Hydraulic analysis of urban water supply network after strong earthquakes[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2010,26(2),25-29.
[14]Todini E.A more realistic approach to the“extended period simulation”of water distribution networks[G]//Maksimovic C,Butler D,Memon F A,et al.Advances in water supply management,Balkema,Lisse,The Netherlands,2003:173-184.
[15]Gupta R,Bhave P R.Discussion of“Solution of water distribution systems under pressure-deficient conditions”by Wah Khim Ang and Paul W.Jowitt[J].Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management,2007,133(6):568-569.
[16]Siew C,Tanyimboh T T.Pressure-dependent epanet extension[J].Water Resources Management,2012,26(6):1477-1498.
[17]Giustolisi O,Kapelan Z,Savic D.Extended period simulation analysis considering valve shutdowns[J].Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management,2008,134:527-537.
[18]刘鹤年.流体力学[M].2版.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008.
[19]American Water Works Association.Water audit and leak detection[M].AWWA Manual M36,1999.
[20]Tabesh M,Asadiyani-Yekta A H,Burrows R.An integrated model to evaluate losses in water distribution systems[J].Water Resources Management,2009,23(3):477-492.
[21]Rossman L A.Epanet 2.0user manual[M].National Risk Management Research Laboratory,Office of Research and Development,U.S.Environmental Protection Agency,Cincinnati,OH,2000.
[22]周毅,陈永祥,李曦.压力决定的给水管网需水量计算方法[J].武汉大学学报:工学版,2011,44(1):79-82.Zhou Y,Chen Y X,Li X.Pressure driven water demand calculation in water supply network[J].Engineering Journal of Wuhan University,2011,44(1):79-82.
[23]Press W H,Teukolsky S A,Vetterling W T,et al.Numerical recipes:the art of scientific computing[M].3rd edition.Cambridge University Press,New York,2007.
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