地震荷载作用下黄土的动应力–应变关系研究
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摘要
对取自宁夏南部西吉县夏家大路喜家湾滑坡后缘的黄土进行动三轴试验,研究随机地震波作用下黄土的动应力–应变关系。考虑到地震输入荷载的振幅、持时、频谱成分对试验结果有较大影响,首先根据场区的宏观烈度资料,通过多元稳健回归和转换的方法,得到场区的地震烈度衰减关系和地震动衰减关系,在地震危险性分析的基础上,人工合成场地未来50 a超越概率10%的地震动时程,并据此作为输入激振波开展动力试验研究。由结果分析可见,随机地震波作用下黄土的应力–应变关系非常复杂,可以将其简化为一系列大小、位置及形状均不规则变化的椭圆形滞回圈,则任意时刻的剪切模量Gd可以表示为该时刻的动应力、应变以及固结压力的函数,并可以将函数变化为乘幂的形式,通过多组试验验证,试验结果和公式拟合结果相关性较好。
The dynamic triaxial text was carried out on the loess sample taken from Xijiawan landslide of Xiajiadalu Village in Xiji County,South of Ningxia Province,to research its dynamic stress-strain relationship acted by seismic wave.Considering the different amplitudes,durations and excellent frequencies of seismic wave having great effect on the test result,so the relationship between intensity and acceleration attenuation of the field were studied using the method of regression and conversion analysis based on its macrograph intensity data,and then,the seismic risk analysis has been carried out and the earthquake wave of the field with the 10% exceedance probability in the following 50 years was gained.The results showed that the stress-strain relationship is complicated very much,and which could be predigested as a series of ellipse loop with different sizes,stations and shapes,and the shear module Gd could be expressed the function of dynamic stress,strain and consolidation press,which could be changed as a power function.The dynamic stress-strain relationship of loess and the function have a good correlation by a large number of tests.
The dynamic triaxial text was carried out on the loess sample taken from Xijiawan landslide of Xiajiadalu Village in Xiji County,South of Ningxia Province,to research its dynamic stress-strain relationship acted by seismic wave.Considering the different amplitudes,durations and excellent frequencies of seismic wave having great effect on the test result,so the relationship between intensity and acceleration attenuation of the field were studied using the method of regression and conversion analysis based on its macrograph intensity data,and then,the seismic risk analysis has been carried out and the earthquake wave of the field with the 10% exceedance probability in the following 50 years was gained.The results showed that the stress-strain relationship is complicated very much,and which could be predigested as a series of ellipse loop with different sizes,stations and shapes,and the shear module Gd could be expressed the function of dynamic stress,strain and consolidation press,which could be changed as a power function.The dynamic stress-strain relationship of loess and the function have a good correlation by a large number of tests.
引文
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[14]王峻,李兰.俄罗斯伊尔库茨克地区黄土动力特性试验研究[J].西北地震学报,2001,23(3):286–290.(WANG Jun,LI Lan.The laboratory study of dynamic characteristics of loess in Irkutsk,Russia[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2001,23(3):286–290.(in Chinese)).
[15]SHEN Z J.A visco-elastic model for liquefaction of sand[C]//沈珠江土力学论文选集.北京:清华大学出版社,2005:223–230.(SHEN Z J.A visco-elastic model for liquefaction of sand[C]//Selected Works on Soil Mechanics of Shen Zhujiang.Beijing:Tsinhua University Press,2005:223–230.(in Chinese))
[16]陈国兴,庄海洋.基于Davidenkov骨架曲线的土体动力本构关系及其参数研究[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(8):860–864.(CHENGuoxing,ZHUANG Haiyang.Developed nonlinear dynamicconstitutive relations of soils based on Davidenkov skeleton curve[J].Chinese Jounal of Geotechnical Engineering,2005,27(8):860–864.(in Chinese)).
[17]HARDIN B O,DRNEVICH V P.Shear Modulus and damping insoils:design equations and curves[J].Journal of the Soil Mechanicsand Foundations Division,1972,98(7):667–692.
[18]陕西省地震局,长安大学.陕西分区地震动衰减关系研[R].西安:陕西省地震局,长安大学,2009.(Shaanxi Earthquake Administra-tion,Chang an University.Seismic motion attenuation relations inShaanxi areas[R].Xi’an:Shaanxi Earthquake Administration,Chang an University,2009.(in Chinese)).
[19]陈达生,刘汉兴.地震烈度椭圆衰减关系[J].华北地震科学,1989,7(3):31–42.(CHEN Dasheng,LIU Hanxing.The ellipseattenuation of earthquake intensity[J].North China EarthquakeSciences,1989,7(3):31–42.(in Chinese)).
[20]胡聿贤,张敏政.缺乏强震观测资料地区地震动参数的估算方法[J].地震工程与工程振动,1984,4(1):1–11.(HU Yuxian,ZHANG Minzheng.The method of calculation the earthquakeparameter in the areas lack of strong shock observation data[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,1984,4(1):1–11.(in Chinese))
[21]霍俊荣,胡聿贤.地震动峰值参数衰减规律的研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,1992,12(2):1–11.(HUO Junrong,HU Yuxian.Studyof attenuation laws of ground motion parameters[J].EarthquakeEngineering and Engineering Vibration,1992,12(2):1–11.(inChinese))
[2]张振中.黄土地震灾害预测[M].北京:地震出版社,1999:17–18.(ZHANG Zhenzhong.The seismic disaster forecasting of loess[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,1999:17–18.(in Chinese))
[3]李善邦.中国地震[M].北京:地震出版社,1981:299–301.(LIShanbang.The earthquake of China[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,1981:299–301.(in Chinese))
[4]邓龙胜.强震作用下黄土边坡的动力响应机理和动力稳定性研究[博士学位论文][D].西安:长安大学,2010.(DENG Longsheng.Study on the response and stability mechanics of loess slope inenvironment of strong earthquake[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Xian:Chang anUniversity,2010.(in Chinese))
[5]谢定义.土动力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2011:141–152.(XIE Dingyi.Soil dynamics[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2011:141–152.(in Chinese))
[6]谢定义.黄土力学特性与应用研究的过去、现在与未来[J].地下空间,1999,19(4):273–284.(XIE Dingyi.The past,present andfuture of the research on mechanical characteristics and application ofloess[J].Underground Space,1999,19(4):273–284.(in Chinese)).
[7]巫志辉,方彦.原状黄土在增湿时的震陷特性[C]//全国第三届土动力学会议论文集.上海:同济大学出版社,1990:285–290.(WU Zhihui,FANG Yan.The characteristic of loess seismiccollapse in environment of increasing moisture content[C]//Proceedings of the Memoir of the 3rd Soil Dynamics Congress.Shanghai:Tongji University Press,1990:285–290.(in Chinese)).
[8]骆亚生,田堪良.非饱和黄土的动剪模量与阻尼比[J].水利学报,2005,36(7):830–834.(LUO Yasheng,TIAN Kanliang.Dynamicshear modulus and damping ratio of unsaturated loess[J].Journal ofHydraulic Engineering,2005,36(7):830–834.(in Chinese)).
[9]骆亚生.非饱和黄土在动、静复杂应力条件下的结构变化特性及结构性本构关系研究[博士学位论文][D].西安:西安理工大学,2004.(LUO Yasheng.Study of the model and transformation ofstructure of unsaturated loess in complex stress condition[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Xi an:Xi’an University of Technology,2004.(in Chinese)).
[10]陈存礼,杨鹏,何军芳.饱和击实黄土的动力特性研究[J].岩土力学,2007,28(8):1551–1556.(CHEN Cunli,YANG Peng,HE Junfang.Research on dynamic characteristics of saturatedcompacted loess[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2007,28(8):1 551–1 556.(in Chinese)).
[11]WANG L M.Dynamic behaviors of loess under irregular seismicloading[C]//Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference onEarthquake Construction and Design.Berlin,Germany:[s.n.],1994:187–194.
[12]王兰民,石玉成,刘旭,等.黄土动力学[M].北京:地震出版社,2003:12–32.(WANG Lanmin,SHI Yucheng,LIU Xu,et al.Loess dynamics[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press:12–32.(in Chinese)).
[13]王峻,王兰民,李兰.不同地震荷载对黄土动模量与阻尼比的影响[J].自然灾害学报,1992,1(4):75–79.(WANG Jun,WANGLanmin,LI Lan.The effect on dynamics module and damp of loessinduced by different seismic loads[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,1992,1(4):75–79.(in Chinese)).
[14]王峻,李兰.俄罗斯伊尔库茨克地区黄土动力特性试验研究[J].西北地震学报,2001,23(3):286–290.(WANG Jun,LI Lan.The laboratory study of dynamic characteristics of loess in Irkutsk,Russia[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2001,23(3):286–290.(in Chinese)).
[15]SHEN Z J.A visco-elastic model for liquefaction of sand[C]//沈珠江土力学论文选集.北京:清华大学出版社,2005:223–230.(SHEN Z J.A visco-elastic model for liquefaction of sand[C]//Selected Works on Soil Mechanics of Shen Zhujiang.Beijing:Tsinhua University Press,2005:223–230.(in Chinese))
[16]陈国兴,庄海洋.基于Davidenkov骨架曲线的土体动力本构关系及其参数研究[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(8):860–864.(CHENGuoxing,ZHUANG Haiyang.Developed nonlinear dynamicconstitutive relations of soils based on Davidenkov skeleton curve[J].Chinese Jounal of Geotechnical Engineering,2005,27(8):860–864.(in Chinese)).
[17]HARDIN B O,DRNEVICH V P.Shear Modulus and damping insoils:design equations and curves[J].Journal of the Soil Mechanicsand Foundations Division,1972,98(7):667–692.
[18]陕西省地震局,长安大学.陕西分区地震动衰减关系研[R].西安:陕西省地震局,长安大学,2009.(Shaanxi Earthquake Administra-tion,Chang an University.Seismic motion attenuation relations inShaanxi areas[R].Xi’an:Shaanxi Earthquake Administration,Chang an University,2009.(in Chinese)).
[19]陈达生,刘汉兴.地震烈度椭圆衰减关系[J].华北地震科学,1989,7(3):31–42.(CHEN Dasheng,LIU Hanxing.The ellipseattenuation of earthquake intensity[J].North China EarthquakeSciences,1989,7(3):31–42.(in Chinese)).
[20]胡聿贤,张敏政.缺乏强震观测资料地区地震动参数的估算方法[J].地震工程与工程振动,1984,4(1):1–11.(HU Yuxian,ZHANG Minzheng.The method of calculation the earthquakeparameter in the areas lack of strong shock observation data[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,1984,4(1):1–11.(in Chinese))
[21]霍俊荣,胡聿贤.地震动峰值参数衰减规律的研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,1992,12(2):1–11.(HUO Junrong,HU Yuxian.Studyof attenuation laws of ground motion parameters[J].EarthquakeEngineering and Engineering Vibration,1992,12(2):1–11.(inChinese))
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