陆上石油地震勘探炸药震源研究进展
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摘要
炸药震源是陆上石油地震勘探中常用的激发源,炸药震源的特性研究对提高爆炸地震波能量和地震分辨率具有十分重要的意义。本文从炸药震源的装药组分和装药结构两个方面综述了相关研究进展,评述了这些进展的实际应用价值与局限性,并探讨了未来可能的研究方向。在炸药震源装药组分方面,介绍了地震勘探对炸药震源的基本要求;分析了有助于提高爆炸地震波能量的炸药配方设计方法;总结了中国近20年应用的4种主要震源的装药组分。在炸药震源装药结构方面,分别介绍了多级延迟叠加震源、低爆速细长型震源、聚能型震源、多井组合震源及螺旋装药震源的结构设计原理和爆炸作用机理;分析了各类型震源的应用效果和适用范围;并展望了炸药震源未来可能的发展方向。
An explosive source is the most commonly used excitation source in seismic exploration.Studies on the characteristics of explosive source play an important role in improving energy and resolution of seismic waves.In this paper,the progress of components and structures of explosive charge are reviewed.Then the practical application value and limitation are commented and the potential future research directions are pointed out.The basic requirement of explosive source for seismic exploration is introduced,and the method of formulation design of explosive to improve seismic wave energy is analyzed and four main charge components during the last twenty years are summarized.On the other hand,the design principle and mechanism of charge structure including multi-level-delayed charge,low detonation velocity and elongated charge,shaped charge,multi-well shot arrays charge and screwing charge are introduced,respectively,and the application effect and scope of each type of explosive structure are analyzed,and looks forward to the prospect of explosive source in the future.
An explosive source is the most commonly used excitation source in seismic exploration.Studies on the characteristics of explosive source play an important role in improving energy and resolution of seismic waves.In this paper,the progress of components and structures of explosive charge are reviewed.Then the practical application value and limitation are commented and the potential future research directions are pointed out.The basic requirement of explosive source for seismic exploration is introduced,and the method of formulation design of explosive to improve seismic wave energy is analyzed and four main charge components during the last twenty years are summarized.On the other hand,the design principle and mechanism of charge structure including multi-level-delayed charge,low detonation velocity and elongated charge,shaped charge,multi-well shot arrays charge and screwing charge are introduced,respectively,and the application effect and scope of each type of explosive structure are analyzed,and looks forward to the prospect of explosive source in the future.
引文
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[5]Conyers L B.An introduction to applied and environmental geophysics[M].Chichester:John Wiley&Sons Inc,2011.
[6]林大超,白春华.爆炸地震效应[M].北京:地质出版社,2007.Lin Dachao,Bai Chunhua.Seismic effect of explosions[M].Beijing:Geo-logical Publishing House,2007.
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[9]吕春绪.工业炸药理论[M].北京:兵器工业出版社,2002.LüChunxu.Theory of industrial explosives[M].Beijing:Weapon IndustryPress,2002.
[10]Lex L U.Seismic explosive composition:US,4528049A[P].1985-07-09.
[11]Tite G A,Brooks J E,Voreck W E.High energy explosive for seismicmethods:US,6651564B1[P].2000-07-17.
[12]Bremner D L,Tite G A,Thompson P,et al.Enhanced signal-to-noiseratio and bandwidth through explosives design[C].2002 SEG AnnualMeeting,Salt Lake City,Utah,USA,October 6-11,2002.
[13]Annikov E V,Kondrikov B N,Kazakov A T.Research and developmentof the new explosive sources of seismic waves for geophysical investiga-tions[C]//Eleventh International Detonation Symposium:Proceedings.Snowmass,Colorado:Office of Naval Research,Naval Surface WarfareCenter(US),Indian Head Division,1998.
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[15]陆明,吕春绪,刘祖亮,等.少梯膨化硝铵震源药柱的研究[J].南京理工大学学报:自然科学版,1999(3):73-77.Lu Ming,LüChunxu,Liu Zuliang,et al.Journal of Nanjing Universityof Science and Technology:Natural Science Edition,1999(3):73-77.
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[20]南京理工大学.震源药柱及其制法:中国,97107103.9[P].1999-03-10.Nanjing University of Science and Technology.Method of manufacturingseismic explosive columns:China,97107103.9[P].1999-03-10.
[21]湖北凯龙化工集团股份有限公司.一种震源药柱的主装药配方及其生产工艺:中国,200410012606.3[P].2005-07-02.Hubei Kailong Chemical Group Co,Ltd.One kind of the main chargesource grain recipe and production process:China,200410012606.3[P].2005-07-02.
[22]国营和平化工厂.新型震源药柱:中国,98214674.4[P].1999-07-07.Chemical State of Peace.New seismic charge:China,98214674.4[P].1999-07-07.
[23]国营和平化工厂.粉状高爆速震源药柱:中国,00233133.0[P].2001-02-07.Chemical State of Peace.Powdered high detonation velocity seismiccharge:China,00233133.0[P].2001-02-07.
[24]新时代(济南)民爆科技产业有限公司.一种铵油膨化高爆速震源药柱:中国,201010526624[P].2010-11-01.New Age(Jinan)China Explosion Technology Industry Co,Ltd.Onekind of ANFO puffed high detonation velocity seismic charge:China,201010526624[P].2010-11-01.
[25]四川省雅化实业有限责任公司.一种用于地震勘探的震源药柱:中国,02276591.3[P].2003-08-20.Sichuan Elegance Industrial Co,Ltd.One kind of seismic charge forseismic exploration:China,02276591.3[P].2003-08-20.
[26]辽阳庆阳爆破器材厂.胶体高能震源药柱及其制备方法:中国,200410087561[P].2011-05-04.Liaoyang Qingyang Explosives Factory.Method of producing high energyseismic charge:China,200410087651[P].2011-05-04.
[27]湖北凯龙化工集团股份有限公司.高能乳化炸药震源药柱:中国,00229323.4[P].2000-12-27.Hubei Kailong Chemical Group Co,Ltd.Grain emulsion explosive ener-gy source:China,00229323.4[P].2000-12-27.
[28]兰州久联和平包装材料有限公司.抗压型乳化震源药柱:中国,201020240552.7[P].2011-02-02.Lanzhou Long Joint Peace Packaging Materials Co,Ltd.Seismic chargecompression type emulsion:China,201020240552.7[P].2011-02-02.
[29]山西江阳兴安民爆器材有限公司.线性乳化震源药柱:中国,201120011445.1[P].2011-01-15.Shanxi Jiangyang Xing'an Industrial Explosive Material Co,Ltd.Linearseismic charge emulsification:China,201120011445.1[P].2011-01-15.
[30]辽宁庆阳化学工业公司民爆器材研究所.震源药柱:中国,99222458.6[P].1999-01-12.Liaoning Qingyang Chemical Industry Corporation,Institute of ExplosiveMaterials.Seismic charge:China,99222458.6[P].1999-01-12.
[31]国营和平化工厂.乳化震源药柱:中国,98215810.6[P].1998-06-19.Chemical State of Peace.Emulsification seismic charge:China,98215810.6[P].1998-06-19.
[32]谢永祥,韩承坤,郭洋,等.含发射药震源药柱研制[J].爆破器材,2006(4):22-25.Xie Yongxiang,Han Chengkun,Guo Yang,et al.Explosive Materials,2006(4):22-25.
[33]吉林三三○五机械厂化工材料分厂.一种含火药震源药柱及制造工艺:中国,200510016993.2[P].2005-07-20.Jilin 3305 Machinery Factory Chemical Material Factory.Seismiccharge containing gunpowder and manufacturing process:China,200510016993.2[P].2005-07-20.
[34]山西江阳化工厂.低爆速型震源药柱:中国,03217158.7[P].2004-03-31.Shanxi Jiangyang Chemical Factory.Low detonation velocity type seis-mic charge:China,03217158.7[P].2004-03-31.
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