随机地震荷载对黄土强度的影响效应
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摘要
根据场地的区域等震线资料,通过统计回归和转换的方法,得到场地的地震烈度衰减关系和地震动衰减关系,并人工合成场地未来50年超越概率10%的地震动时程,据此对取自宁夏西吉县夏家大路喜家湾滑坡后壁的黄土开展动三轴试验,研究动围压与动轴压之比,以及地震荷载的扰动作用对黄土强度的影响。研究结果表明:当动围压与动轴压之比k值较小时,k的变化对土体的强度影响较小,随着k值的增大,对于同样的破坏标准,需要更大的动应力;当k>1时,随着偏应力的增大,所需动应力减小;在低固结压力条件下,地震动会造成黄土的骨架破损,降低其强度,并且降低的程度随动荷载幅值的增大而增大;在高固结压力条件下时,较大的动应力会使土体进一步压密,产生较大的前期残余变形,但其抗剪强度有一定提高。
The seismic intensity and acceleration attenuation relationship of the field were studied using the method of regression and conversion analysis and based on its macrograph intensity data,the earthquake wave of the field with 10% exceedance probability in the following 50years was gained which was used to carry out the dynamic triaxial test with the sample from Xiajiadalu village,Xiji county of Ningxia province,to research the effect of axes and surround dynamic load ratio,and stochastic seismic load on the reduction of loess strength.The results show that if the axes and surround dynamic load ratio kis small,the change of kinfluences loess strength limitedly,but along with the increase of k,the bigger dynamic stress is needed to produce certain deformation,and if k>1,with the increase of deviatonic stress,the smaller dynamic stress is needed.In addition,action of earthquake load will damnify the framework of loess and reduce its strength in condition of lower concretion pressure,and the degree of strength reduction increase with the increase of amplitude of dynamic load,but if the sample is in condition of higher concretion pressure,the bigger dynamic load will make the sample denser,so as to produce bigger residual deformation but the shear strength will be increased.11figs,14refs.
The seismic intensity and acceleration attenuation relationship of the field were studied using the method of regression and conversion analysis and based on its macrograph intensity data,the earthquake wave of the field with 10% exceedance probability in the following 50years was gained which was used to carry out the dynamic triaxial test with the sample from Xiajiadalu village,Xiji county of Ningxia province,to research the effect of axes and surround dynamic load ratio,and stochastic seismic load on the reduction of loess strength.The results show that if the axes and surround dynamic load ratio kis small,the change of kinfluences loess strength limitedly,but along with the increase of k,the bigger dynamic stress is needed to produce certain deformation,and if k>1,with the increase of deviatonic stress,the smaller dynamic stress is needed.In addition,action of earthquake load will damnify the framework of loess and reduce its strength in condition of lower concretion pressure,and the degree of strength reduction increase with the increase of amplitude of dynamic load,but if the sample is in condition of higher concretion pressure,the bigger dynamic load will make the sample denser,so as to produce bigger residual deformation but the shear strength will be increased.11figs,14refs.
引文
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[6]杨振茂,赵成刚,王兰民.饱和黄土的液化特性与稳态强度[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(22):3853-3860.YANG Zhen-mao,ZHAO Cheng-gang,WANG Lanmin.Liquefaction behaviors and steady state strength of saturated loess[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(22):3853-3860.(in Chinese)
[7]Ishihara K,Okusa S,Oyagi N,et al.Liquefaction-induced flow slide in the collapsive loess deposit in Soviet Tajik[J].Soils and Foundations,1990,30(4):73-89.
[8]刘妮娜,门玉明,刘洋.地震动力作用下土-地铁隧道模型分析[J].地球科学与环境学报,2009,31(3):295-298.LIU Ni-na,MEN Yu-ming,LIU Yang.Model test of soil and metro-tunnels interaction in earthquake activities[J].Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,2009,31(3):295-298.(in Chinese)
[9]陈红旗,彭建兵.区域地震稳定性的区域地震动力学评价[J].地球科学与环境学报,2004,26(4):58-62.CHEN Hong-qi,PENG Jian-bing.Exercising regional seismic dynamics to estimate seismic stability[J].Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,2004,26(4):58-62.(in Chinese)
[10]陕西省地震局.陕西分区地震动衰减关系研究[R].西安:陕西省地震局,2009.Shaanxi Earthquake Administration.Seismic motion attenuation relations in Shaanxi aeras[R].Xi'an:Shaanxi Earthquake Administration,2009.(in Chinese)
[11]陈达生,刘汉兴.地震烈度椭圆衰减关系[J].华北地震科学,1989,7(3):31-42.CHEN Da-sheng,LIU Han-xing.The ellipse attenuation of earthquake intensity[J].North China EarthQuake Sciences,1989,7(3):31-42.(in Chinese)
[12]胡聿贤,张敏政.缺乏强震观测资料地区地震动参数的估算方法[J].地震工程与工程振动,1984,4(1):1-11.HU Yu-xian,ZHANG Min-zheng.The method of calculation the earthquake parameter in the areas lack of strong shock observation data[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,1984,4(1):1-11.(in Chinese)
[13]邓龙胜.强震作用下黄土边坡的动力响应机理和动力稳定性研究[D].西安:长安大学,2010.DENG Long-sheng.Study on the response and stability mechanics of loess slope in environmeng of strong earthquake[D].Xi'an:Chang'an University,2010.(in Chinese)
[2]张振中.黄土地震灾害预测[M].北京:地震出版社,1999.ZHANG Zhen-zhong.The seismic disaster forecasting of loess[M].Beijing:Seismic Press.(in Chinese)
[3]王兰民,邓津,黄媛.黄土震陷性的微观结构量化分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(1):3025-3031.WANG Lan-min,DENG Jin,HUANG Yuan.Quantitative analysis of microstructure of loess seismic subsidence[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(1):3025-3031.(in Chinese)
[4]骆亚生.非饱和黄土在动、静复杂应力条件下的结构变化特性及结构性本构关系研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2004.LUO Ya-Sheng.Study on the model and transformation of structure of unsaturated loess in complex stress condition[D].Xi'an:Xi'an University of Technology,2004.(in Chinese)
[5]石玉成,李兰.黄土震陷变形特征的细观分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(增2):2829-2833.SHI Yu-cheng,LI Lan.Micro-analysis on seismic subsidence characteristics of loess[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(S2):2829-2833.(in Chinese)
[6]杨振茂,赵成刚,王兰民.饱和黄土的液化特性与稳态强度[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(22):3853-3860.YANG Zhen-mao,ZHAO Cheng-gang,WANG Lanmin.Liquefaction behaviors and steady state strength of saturated loess[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(22):3853-3860.(in Chinese)
[7]Ishihara K,Okusa S,Oyagi N,et al.Liquefaction-induced flow slide in the collapsive loess deposit in Soviet Tajik[J].Soils and Foundations,1990,30(4):73-89.
[8]刘妮娜,门玉明,刘洋.地震动力作用下土-地铁隧道模型分析[J].地球科学与环境学报,2009,31(3):295-298.LIU Ni-na,MEN Yu-ming,LIU Yang.Model test of soil and metro-tunnels interaction in earthquake activities[J].Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,2009,31(3):295-298.(in Chinese)
[9]陈红旗,彭建兵.区域地震稳定性的区域地震动力学评价[J].地球科学与环境学报,2004,26(4):58-62.CHEN Hong-qi,PENG Jian-bing.Exercising regional seismic dynamics to estimate seismic stability[J].Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,2004,26(4):58-62.(in Chinese)
[10]陕西省地震局.陕西分区地震动衰减关系研究[R].西安:陕西省地震局,2009.Shaanxi Earthquake Administration.Seismic motion attenuation relations in Shaanxi aeras[R].Xi'an:Shaanxi Earthquake Administration,2009.(in Chinese)
[11]陈达生,刘汉兴.地震烈度椭圆衰减关系[J].华北地震科学,1989,7(3):31-42.CHEN Da-sheng,LIU Han-xing.The ellipse attenuation of earthquake intensity[J].North China EarthQuake Sciences,1989,7(3):31-42.(in Chinese)
[12]胡聿贤,张敏政.缺乏强震观测资料地区地震动参数的估算方法[J].地震工程与工程振动,1984,4(1):1-11.HU Yu-xian,ZHANG Min-zheng.The method of calculation the earthquake parameter in the areas lack of strong shock observation data[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,1984,4(1):1-11.(in Chinese)
[13]邓龙胜.强震作用下黄土边坡的动力响应机理和动力稳定性研究[D].西安:长安大学,2010.DENG Long-sheng.Study on the response and stability mechanics of loess slope in environmeng of strong earthquake[D].Xi'an:Chang'an University,2010.(in Chinese)
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