玉树7.1级地震学校建筑震害分析
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摘要
2010年4月14日青海省玉树县发生了Ms7.1级地震,造成了大量学校建筑的严重破坏甚至倒塌。通过对玉树地震学校建筑震害的调研,进行了不同类别建筑结构震害指数与破坏机理的研究。研究结果表明,震害指数由低到高的结构依次为混凝土框架结构、实心砖混结构、砖木结构、空心砖混结构和土木结构。混凝土框架结构要严格按照强柱弱梁的抗震概念进行设计,加强填充墙与框架柱的连接;实心砖混结构、空心砖混结构应设置构造柱、圈梁、预制楼板拉结筋,增强房屋抗倒塌能力;空心砖混结构还要在砌块内腔配置足量的钢筋,提高砂浆强度;土木结构、砖木结构应从建筑材料、构造措施等方面予以加强。要研究适合当地特色的新型结构抗震体系,提高结构的抗震性能。
Yushu Ms7.1 earthquake occurred on April 14,2010 in Qinghai Province.A large number of school buildings were severely damaged or collapsed.Damage index and the failure mechanism analysis of different category of building structures were carried out through field investigation.The results show that the structure damage index from low to high in order is concrete frame structure,solid brick masonry structure,brick-wood structure,hollow brick-masonry structure and earth-wood structure.The design of concrete frame structure should be in accordance with the seismic concept of strong column and weak beam strictly,and the connection between infill walls and frame columns should be strengthened.For the solid brick and hollow brick masonry structure,we should set constructional column,ring beam,tie bar between prefabricated floors and tie bar between walls to enhance the anti-collapse ability of the structure.In addition,sufficient reinforcement is necessary in the block cavity of hollow brick to improve the strength of mortar.The brick-wood structure and earth-wood structure must be improved on the material and construction measure.The new structure systems suitable for the locality need to be studied to improve the seismic performance of the structure.
Yushu Ms7.1 earthquake occurred on April 14,2010 in Qinghai Province.A large number of school buildings were severely damaged or collapsed.Damage index and the failure mechanism analysis of different category of building structures were carried out through field investigation.The results show that the structure damage index from low to high in order is concrete frame structure,solid brick masonry structure,brick-wood structure,hollow brick-masonry structure and earth-wood structure.The design of concrete frame structure should be in accordance with the seismic concept of strong column and weak beam strictly,and the connection between infill walls and frame columns should be strengthened.For the solid brick and hollow brick masonry structure,we should set constructional column,ring beam,tie bar between prefabricated floors and tie bar between walls to enhance the anti-collapse ability of the structure.In addition,sufficient reinforcement is necessary in the block cavity of hollow brick to improve the strength of mortar.The brick-wood structure and earth-wood structure must be improved on the material and construction measure.The new structure systems suitable for the locality need to be studied to improve the seismic performance of the structure.
引文
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[4]财新网.青海玉树地震已造成115名师生遇难[EB/OL].(2010-4-16)[2012-4-20].http://china.caixin.com/2010-04-16/100135695.html.Financial new web.115 students and teachers died in Yushu earthquake Qinghai Province[EB/OL].(2010-4-16)[2012-4-20],http://china.caixin.com/2010-04-16/100135695.html.(in Chinese)
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[6]莫庸.台湾9.21大地震多层框架结构震害特点和经验[C]//甘肃省土木建筑学会五十周年学术会议.兰州:中国建筑学会,2003,227-235.MO Yong.Taiwan 9.21earthquake damage features and experience of multi-story frame structure[C]//Fifty Anniversary Conference for Instituteof architecture and civil engineering in Gan Su Province.Lanzhou:Architectural Society of China,2003:27-235.(in Chinese)
[7]刘海卿,倪镇国,张颖.多层框架结构地震倒塌过程仿真分析[J].科学技术与工程,2009,9(2):472-475.LIU Haiqing,NI Zhenguo,ZHANG Ying.Simulation analysis for the collapse response of frame structures under macroseism[J].ScienceTechnology And Engineering,2009,9(2):472-475.(in Chinese)
[8]牛红地,王泽云.多层框架结构填充墙震害分析[J].四川建材,2010,36(153):24-25.NIU Hongdi,WANG Zeyun.Analysis of the damage of multistory frame structure filling wall[J].Sichuan building materials,2010,36(153):24-25.(in Chinese)
[9]刘景齐.地震作用下多层砌体结构房屋的破坏特点及震害启示[J].建筑技术,2010(8):152.LIU Jingqi.Damage characteristics and damage revelation for multilayer masonry structure buildings under earthquake[J].Constructiontechnology,2010(8):152.(in Chinese)
[10]叶列平,曲哲,陆新征,等.建筑结构的抗倒塌能力——汶川地震建筑震害的教训[J].建筑结构学报,2008,29(4):42-50.YE Lieping,QU Zhe,LU Xinzheng,et al.The anti-collapse ability of building structure-damage lesson construction from Wenchuanearthquake[J].Journal of Building Structures,2008,29(4):42-50.(in Chinese)
[11]杨海旭,王海飙.混凝土空心砌块砌体结构的动力反应分析[J].东北林业大学学报,2009,37(4):54-59.YANG Haixu,WANG Haibiao.Earthquake response analysis of masonry structure of reinforced concrete hollow bloek[J].Journal of NortheastForestry University,2009,37(4):54-59.(in Chinese)
[12]熊立红,张敏政.设置芯柱一构造柱混凝土砌块墙体抗震剪切承载力计算[J].地震工程与工程振动,2004,24(2):82-87.XIAO Lihong,ZHANG Minzheng.Evaluation of seismic shear strength of concrete-block walls with core columns/constructional columns[J].Journal of Earthquake engineering and Engineering Vibration,2004,24(2):82-87.(in Chinese)
[2]中国地震应急搜救中心.青海省玉树藏族自治州玉树县发生7.1级地震简报第11期[EB/OL].(2010-4-19)[2012-4-20].http://www.nerss.cn/bencandy.php?fid=40&id=719.China Earthquake Emergency Rescue Center.A briefing for Yushu Ms7.1 earthquake in Qinghai Province[EB/OL](2010-4-19)[2012-4-20],The eleventh period,in 2010April 19.http://www.nerss.cn/bencandy.php?fid=40&id=719.(in Chinese)
[3]中国政府网.截至5月30日青海省玉树地震已造成2698人遇难[EB/OL].(2010-5-31)[2012-4-20].http://www.gov.cn/jrzg/2010-05/31/content_1617614.htm.Gov.cn.2698 people were killed in Yushu earthquake Qinghai Province until May 30th[EB/OL].(2010-5-31)[2012-4-20].http://www.gov.cn/jrzg/2010-05/31/content_1617614.htm.(in Chinese)
[4]财新网.青海玉树地震已造成115名师生遇难[EB/OL].(2010-4-16)[2012-4-20].http://china.caixin.com/2010-04-16/100135695.html.Financial new web.115 students and teachers died in Yushu earthquake Qinghai Province[EB/OL].(2010-4-16)[2012-4-20],http://china.caixin.com/2010-04-16/100135695.html.(in Chinese)
[5]中华人民共和国国家标准.GB/T18208.3-2000.地震现场工作第三部分:调查规范[S].北京:中国标准出版社.The people's Republic of China National Standard:GB/T 18208.3-2000.Earthquake field work in third parts:Survey specification[S].Bei Jing:Standards Press of China.(in Chinese)
[6]莫庸.台湾9.21大地震多层框架结构震害特点和经验[C]//甘肃省土木建筑学会五十周年学术会议.兰州:中国建筑学会,2003,227-235.MO Yong.Taiwan 9.21earthquake damage features and experience of multi-story frame structure[C]//Fifty Anniversary Conference for Instituteof architecture and civil engineering in Gan Su Province.Lanzhou:Architectural Society of China,2003:27-235.(in Chinese)
[7]刘海卿,倪镇国,张颖.多层框架结构地震倒塌过程仿真分析[J].科学技术与工程,2009,9(2):472-475.LIU Haiqing,NI Zhenguo,ZHANG Ying.Simulation analysis for the collapse response of frame structures under macroseism[J].ScienceTechnology And Engineering,2009,9(2):472-475.(in Chinese)
[8]牛红地,王泽云.多层框架结构填充墙震害分析[J].四川建材,2010,36(153):24-25.NIU Hongdi,WANG Zeyun.Analysis of the damage of multistory frame structure filling wall[J].Sichuan building materials,2010,36(153):24-25.(in Chinese)
[9]刘景齐.地震作用下多层砌体结构房屋的破坏特点及震害启示[J].建筑技术,2010(8):152.LIU Jingqi.Damage characteristics and damage revelation for multilayer masonry structure buildings under earthquake[J].Constructiontechnology,2010(8):152.(in Chinese)
[10]叶列平,曲哲,陆新征,等.建筑结构的抗倒塌能力——汶川地震建筑震害的教训[J].建筑结构学报,2008,29(4):42-50.YE Lieping,QU Zhe,LU Xinzheng,et al.The anti-collapse ability of building structure-damage lesson construction from Wenchuanearthquake[J].Journal of Building Structures,2008,29(4):42-50.(in Chinese)
[11]杨海旭,王海飙.混凝土空心砌块砌体结构的动力反应分析[J].东北林业大学学报,2009,37(4):54-59.YANG Haixu,WANG Haibiao.Earthquake response analysis of masonry structure of reinforced concrete hollow bloek[J].Journal of NortheastForestry University,2009,37(4):54-59.(in Chinese)
[12]熊立红,张敏政.设置芯柱一构造柱混凝土砌块墙体抗震剪切承载力计算[J].地震工程与工程振动,2004,24(2):82-87.XIAO Lihong,ZHANG Minzheng.Evaluation of seismic shear strength of concrete-block walls with core columns/constructional columns[J].Journal of Earthquake engineering and Engineering Vibration,2004,24(2):82-87.(in Chinese)
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