主余震地震序列下重力坝损伤演化及能量特征
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摘要
地震主震发生之后通常伴随余震。多次地震下结构的损伤破坏累积效应明显,只考虑主震的重力坝抗震设计是不完善的,应考虑整个地震序列的影响。采用塑性损伤力学对重力坝进行非线性动力分析,揭示了主余震型地震序列下的重力坝损伤演化特征和结构能量耗散机理,通过包含能量特性的大坝定量损伤指标评价了余震作用对结构安全性的影响。实例分析结果表明:主震和余震阶段,重力坝动力耗散能均以阻尼耗散能量为主,混凝土塑性耗散能次之,损伤耗散能所占比例最小;从损伤评价指标看,余震阶段重力坝的损伤主要体现在坝体中上部损伤区域的进一步扩展演化;余震作用使坝体塑性变形较单一主震作用下显著增大,从变形控制的角度,设计中需考虑包含余震波的地震序列对结构抗震安全的影响。
Earthquake has the character of cluster with many aftershocks after the main shock.The effect of the whole seismic sequence on the dynamic characteristic of gravity dam should be considered.Damage evolution effect of the dam is analyzed under the experience of different mainshock-aftershock seismic sequences by plastic damage mechanics method based on the energy equivalent principle,the damage evolution role and energy dissipation mechanism of the dam are revealed,and also the damage level of the dam is described by seismic damage assessment model considering damage energy dissipation.The example shows that,the vibration energy and the earthquake responses of the structure are reduced effectively by the structural damping;little amount of the seismic energy is dissipated by concrete damage and plastic dissipation;the damage of the middle and upper part of the dam is the main damage of the structure under aftershocks.It is the aftershocks which make plastic deformation of the dam increase significantly,so that the influence of the whole seismic sequence which contains the aftershocks should be considered.
Earthquake has the character of cluster with many aftershocks after the main shock.The effect of the whole seismic sequence on the dynamic characteristic of gravity dam should be considered.Damage evolution effect of the dam is analyzed under the experience of different mainshock-aftershock seismic sequences by plastic damage mechanics method based on the energy equivalent principle,the damage evolution role and energy dissipation mechanism of the dam are revealed,and also the damage level of the dam is described by seismic damage assessment model considering damage energy dissipation.The example shows that,the vibration energy and the earthquake responses of the structure are reduced effectively by the structural damping;little amount of the seismic energy is dissipated by concrete damage and plastic dissipation;the damage of the middle and upper part of the dam is the main damage of the structure under aftershocks.It is the aftershocks which make plastic deformation of the dam increase significantly,so that the influence of the whole seismic sequence which contains the aftershocks should be considered.
引文
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[3]马骏驰,窦远明,苏经宇,等.考虑接连两次地震影响的建筑物震害分析方法[J].地震工程与工程振动,2004,24(1):59-62.MA Junchi,DOU Yuanming,SU Jingyu,et al.Seismic analysis method considering damage to structure subjected to two earthquakes[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2004,24(1):59-62.(in Chinese)
[4]马骏驰,苏经宇,窦远明,等.考虑接连两次地震影响的群体建筑物震害预测方法[J].地震工程与工程振动,2005,25(5):91-94.MA Junchi,SU Jingyu,DOU Yuanming,et al.Seismic damage prediction method of group buildings subjected to two earthquakes[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2005,25(5):91-94.(in Chinese)
[5]Tuluka Mavonga.Some characteristics of aftershock sequences of major earthquakes from 1994 to 2002 in the Kivu province,Western Rift Valley of Africa[J].Tectonophysics,2007(439):1-12.
[6]S.Das,V.K.Gupta Scaling of response spectrum and duration for aftershocks[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2010(30):724-735.
[7]吴波,欧进萍.钢筋砼结构在主余震作用下的反应与损伤分析[J].建筑结构学报,1993(5):45-53.WU Bo,OU Jinping.Response and damage analysis of reinforced concrete structures under main shock and aftershocks[J].Journal of Building Structures,1993(5):45-53.(in Chinese)
[8]Lubliner J,Oliver J,Oller S,et al.A Plastic-damage model for concrete[J].International Journal of Solids and Structures,1989,25(3):229-326.
[9]范书立,陈明阳,陈健云,等.基于能量耗散碾压混凝土重力坝地震损伤分析[J].振动与冲击,2011,30(4):271-275.FAN Shuli,CHEN Mingyang,CHEN Jianyun,et al.Seismic damage analysis of a concrete gravity dam based on energy dissipation[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2011,30(4):271-275.(in Chinese)
[10]Bhattacharjee S S,Leger P.Seismic cracking and energy dissipation in concrete gravity dams[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,1993,22(11):991-1007.
[11]李春锋,张旸,赵金宝,等.台湾集集大地震及其余震的长周期地震动特性[J].地震学报,2006,28(4):417-428.LI Chunfeng,ZHANG Yang,ZHAO Jinbao,et al.Long-period ground motion characteristics of the 1999 JIJI(Chi-Chi),Taiwan,Mainshock and aftershocks[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2006,28(4):417-428.(in Chinese)
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