桩板墙地震动力特性的大型振动台模型试验研究
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摘要
通过1个比尺1∶8的二级支护边坡大型振动台模型试验,研究地震条件下桩板式挡墙加速度、动位移和动土压力等的响应特性,模型试验以汶川波、大瑞人工波和Kobe波3种地震波作为振动台激振波,汶川波采用水平(X)向、竖直(Z)向和水平竖直(XZ)双向3种激振方式,大瑞人工波和Kobe波采用水平竖直(XZ)双向1种激振方式,研究地震波作用方向和方式以及地震波形等地震动参数对桩板式挡墙地震动力响应特性的影响规律。研究表明:桩板式挡墙加速度、动位移和动土压力等的响应特性,主要受水平向地震波作用的影响,且与地震波类型、激振方向和方式以及测点位置有关。加速度动力响应峰值呈现出沿墙高非线性增大的特征,因而在采用拟静力法时,有必要在考虑支挡结构组合方式、边坡特性及地震波作用方式等影响的基础上,采用合适的地震荷载拟静力值的放大系数。动位移响应峰值和永久位移值呈现出非线性响应特性,水平竖直(XZ)双向地震波激振下,桩板墙主要产生离开土体向边坡外侧平移的动位移模式。动土压力响应峰值沿墙高呈现出两头小中间大的非线性分布特征。
A large-scale shaking table model test of a two-step slope model with the geometric scale of 1:8 was performed to study the dynamic response characteristics including seismic acceleration,seismic displacement,and seismic earth pressure of sheet-pile retaining wall under earthquake loads,respectively.In order to comparatively study the effect of the parameters such as seismic waveform,its excitation direction and excitation type on the seismic response characteristics of sheet-pile retaining wall,Wenchuan seismic wave with three excitation directions including horizontal(X) direction,vertical(Z) direction,and horizontal and vertical(XZ) direction,Darui synthetic seismic wave with XZ excitation direction,and Kobe seismic wave with XZ excitation direction were used as the excitation waves in the model test.The results show that the dynamic responses including seismic acceleration,seismic displacement,and seismic earth pressure of sheet-pile retaining wall are triggered mainly under horizontal direction excitation,and related to the seismic waveform,excitation direction,and the transducer?s location.The peak seismic acceleration response increases with the peak excitation acceleration and the height of retaining wall;and it presents obvious nonlinearity.The suitable amplification coefficient of earthquake inertia force quasi-static value must be selected in the basis of the combining form of retaining structures,slope shape and its behavior;and the seismic waveform are taken into account.The response mechanism of both the peak seismic displacement and the seismic permanent displacement present obvious nonlinearity;and the seismic displacement mode of sheet-pile retaining wall is the translation from the filling soil-mass of slope mainly under the excitation of XZ direction.The peak seismic earth pressure against the height of sheet-pile retaining wall presents obvious nonlinearity;the maximum of peak seismic earth pressure appears at the middle part of retaining wall;and the minimum at the lower or the upper.
A large-scale shaking table model test of a two-step slope model with the geometric scale of 1:8 was performed to study the dynamic response characteristics including seismic acceleration,seismic displacement,and seismic earth pressure of sheet-pile retaining wall under earthquake loads,respectively.In order to comparatively study the effect of the parameters such as seismic waveform,its excitation direction and excitation type on the seismic response characteristics of sheet-pile retaining wall,Wenchuan seismic wave with three excitation directions including horizontal(X) direction,vertical(Z) direction,and horizontal and vertical(XZ) direction,Darui synthetic seismic wave with XZ excitation direction,and Kobe seismic wave with XZ excitation direction were used as the excitation waves in the model test.The results show that the dynamic responses including seismic acceleration,seismic displacement,and seismic earth pressure of sheet-pile retaining wall are triggered mainly under horizontal direction excitation,and related to the seismic waveform,excitation direction,and the transducer?s location.The peak seismic acceleration response increases with the peak excitation acceleration and the height of retaining wall;and it presents obvious nonlinearity.The suitable amplification coefficient of earthquake inertia force quasi-static value must be selected in the basis of the combining form of retaining structures,slope shape and its behavior;and the seismic waveform are taken into account.The response mechanism of both the peak seismic displacement and the seismic permanent displacement present obvious nonlinearity;and the seismic displacement mode of sheet-pile retaining wall is the translation from the filling soil-mass of slope mainly under the excitation of XZ direction.The peak seismic earth pressure against the height of sheet-pile retaining wall presents obvious nonlinearity;the maximum of peak seismic earth pressure appears at the middle part of retaining wall;and the minimum at the lower or the upper.
引文
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[14]林皋,朱彤,林蓓.结构动力模型试验的相似技巧[J].大连理工大学学报,2000,40(1):1–8.(LIN Gao,ZHU Tong,LIN Bei.Similarity technique for dynamic structural model test[J].Journal ofDalian University of Technology,2000,40(1):2–8.(in Chinese))
[15]刘小生,王钟宁,汪小刚,等.面板坝大型振动台模型试验与动力分析[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005:9–20.(LIUXiaosheng,WANG Zhongning,WANG Xiaogang,et al.Large-scaleshaking table model tests and dynamic analysis of concrete facerockfill dam[M].Beijing:China Water Power Press,2005:9–20.(inChinese))
[16]罗先启,程圣国,牛恩宽.滑坡物理模型试验畸变修正及应用研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(增1):3082–3088.(LUOXianqi,CHENG Shengguo,NIU Enkuan.Research on aberrationcorrection and application in landslide geomechanical model test[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(Supp.1):3 082–3 088.(in Chinese))
[17]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.GB50011—2010建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2011.(The National StandardsCompilation Group of People s Republic of China.GB50011—2010Code for seismic design of buildings[S].Beijing:China Architectureand Building Press,2011.(in Chinese))
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[19]NOURI H,FAKHER A,JONES C J F P.Evaluating the effects of themagnitude and amplification of pseudo-static acceleration onreinforced soil slopes and walls using the limit equilibrium horizontalslices method[J].Geotextiles and Geomembranes,2008,26(3):263–278.
[20]刘小生,杨正权,刘启旺,等.猴子岩高面板坝振动台模型试验——大坝结构动力特性研究[J].世界地震工程,2010,26(4):121–127.(LIU Xiaosheng,YANG Zhengquan,LIU Qiwang,et al.Study on shaking table model tests for dynamic characteristics ofHouziyan high concrete face rock-fill dam[J].World EarthquakeEngineering,2010,26(4):121–127.(in Chinese))
[2]代军,胡岱文,吴曙光.桩锚支挡结构体系挡板土压力试验研究[J].重庆建筑大学学报,2001,23(4):48–54.(DAI Jun,HUDaiwen,WU Shuguang.Experimental study of soil stress on theholding sheet of pile-anchor holding-block structure system[J].Journalof Chongqing Jianzhu University,2001,23(4):48–54.(in Chinese))
[3]蒋忠信,蒋良潍.南昆铁路支挡结构主动土压力分布图式[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(6):1035–1040.(JIANG Zhongxin,JIANG Liangwei.Distribution map forms of active earth pressure onretaining structures in Nanning-Kunming railway[J].Chinese Journalof Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(6):1 035–1 040.(inChinese))
[4]董捷,张永兴,黄治云.柔性板桩板墙加固斜坡填方地基的土压力分配问题研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(8):2489–2495.(DONGJie,ZHANG Yongxing,HUANG Zhiyun.Study of earth pressuredistribution of flexi board sheet-pile walls used in reinforced fillfoundation on ramp[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(8):2 489–2 495.(in Chinese))
[5]姚令侃,冯俊德,杨明.汶川地震路基震害分析及对抗震规范改进的启示[J].西南交通大学学报,2009,44(3):301–311.(YAOLingkan,FENG Junde,YANG Ming.Damage analysis of subgradeengineering in Wenchuan earthquake and recommendations forimproving seismic design code[J].Journal of Southwest JiaotongUniversity,2009,44(3):301–311.(in Chinese))
[6]吉随旺,唐永建,胡德贵,等.四川省汶川地震灾区干线公路典型震害特征分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(6):1250–1260.(JI Suiwang,TANG Yongjian,HU Degui,et al.Analysis of typicalseismic damages of highways in Wenchuan earthquake-induced hazardareas in Sichuan province[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2009,28(6):1 250–1 260.(in Chinese))
[7]JAMSHIDI R,TOWHATA I,GHIASSIAN H,et al.Experimentalevaluation of dynamic deformation characteristics of sheet pileretaining walls with reinforced backfill[J].Soil Dynamics and EarthquakeEngineering,2010,30(6):438–446.
[8]文畅平,杨果林.地震作用下挡土墙位移模式的振动台试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(7):1502–1512.(WEN Changping,YANG Guolin.Large-scale shaking table tests study of seismicdisplacement mode of retaining structures under earthquake loading[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(7):1 502–1 512.(in Chinese))
[9]赵安平,冯春,李世海,等.地震力作用下基覆边坡模型试验研究[J].岩土力学,2012,33(2):515–523.(ZHAO Anping,FENGChun,LI Shihai,et al.Experimental research on seismic failure modeand supporting for slope of bedrock and overburden layer[J].Rock andSoil Mechanics,2012,33(2):515–523.(in Chinese))
[10]潘樾富,段晓沛.路堤桩板式挡土墙的振动台试验研究[J].铁道工程学报,2012,(3):35–39.(PAN Yuefu,DUAN Xiaopei.Researchon shaking table test of pile-type retaining wall for embankment[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2012,(3):35–39.(in Chinese))
[11]LIN M L,WANG K L.Seismic slope behavior in a large-scale shakingtable model test[J].Engineering Geology,2006,86(2/3):118–133.
[12]IAI S.Similitude for shaking table tests on soil-structure-fluid modelin 1-g gravitational field[J].Soils and Foundations,1989,29(1):105–118.
[13]MEYMAND P J.Shaking table scale model tests of nonlinearsoil-pile-superstructure interaction in soft clay[Ph.D.Thesis].Berkeley:University of California,1998.
[14]林皋,朱彤,林蓓.结构动力模型试验的相似技巧[J].大连理工大学学报,2000,40(1):1–8.(LIN Gao,ZHU Tong,LIN Bei.Similarity technique for dynamic structural model test[J].Journal ofDalian University of Technology,2000,40(1):2–8.(in Chinese))
[15]刘小生,王钟宁,汪小刚,等.面板坝大型振动台模型试验与动力分析[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005:9–20.(LIUXiaosheng,WANG Zhongning,WANG Xiaogang,et al.Large-scaleshaking table model tests and dynamic analysis of concrete facerockfill dam[M].Beijing:China Water Power Press,2005:9–20.(inChinese))
[16]罗先启,程圣国,牛恩宽.滑坡物理模型试验畸变修正及应用研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(增1):3082–3088.(LUOXianqi,CHENG Shengguo,NIU Enkuan.Research on aberrationcorrection and application in landslide geomechanical model test[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(Supp.1):3 082–3 088.(in Chinese))
[17]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.GB50011—2010建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2011.(The National StandardsCompilation Group of People s Republic of China.GB50011—2010Code for seismic design of buildings[S].Beijing:China Architectureand Building Press,2011.(in Chinese))
[18]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.GB50111—2006铁路工程抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2007.(The National StandardsCompilation Group of People s Republic of China.GB50111—2006Code for seismic design of Railway engineering[S].Beijing:ChinaPlanning Press,2007.(in Chinese))
[19]NOURI H,FAKHER A,JONES C J F P.Evaluating the effects of themagnitude and amplification of pseudo-static acceleration onreinforced soil slopes and walls using the limit equilibrium horizontalslices method[J].Geotextiles and Geomembranes,2008,26(3):263–278.
[20]刘小生,杨正权,刘启旺,等.猴子岩高面板坝振动台模型试验——大坝结构动力特性研究[J].世界地震工程,2010,26(4):121–127.(LIU Xiaosheng,YANG Zhengquan,LIU Qiwang,et al.Study on shaking table model tests for dynamic characteristics ofHouziyan high concrete face rock-fill dam[J].World EarthquakeEngineering,2010,26(4):121–127.(in Chinese))
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