地震灾区既有混凝土框架结构的抗震性能研究
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摘要
以汶川县威州镇一幢既有典型混凝土框架结构房屋为研究对象,分析了当地现有混凝土结构的抗震安全水平。采用《建筑抗震设计规范》(GB 50011—2010)设定的设防烈度及地震水平,对混凝土结构进行非线性时程分析,建立了该结构的概率地震需求模型。依据该模型确定结构地震易损性水平,建立继续使用、严重破坏和倒塌3种状态下结构的地震易损性曲线,以此研究汶川县此类结构设计的抗震安全水平。研究结果表明:此类既有混凝土框架结构不能完全满足《建筑抗震设计规范》(GB 50011—2010)中不同抗震设防等级关于房屋破坏和倒塌的基本要求。
A typical existing reinforced concrete(RC) frame structure in Weizhou Town,Wenchuan County was studied to review the seismic safety levels of local RC frame building.The adopted assessment levels of earthquake ground motions were produced according to the local fortification intensity in Chinese Code for Seismic Design of Buildings(GB 50011—2010).By using nonlinear finite element method,probabilistic seismic demand model(PSDM) for RC frame structure was built.The seismic fragility curves for immediate occupancy,significant damage,and collapse prevention damage levels of the RC frame building were analyzed.Then,the seismic fragility assessment of the RC frame was discussed to assess the safety levels of the actual RC frame structure of design in Wenchuan County.The research results indicate that the existing RC frame structure in Wenchuan County would unlikely meet the structural damage and collapse prevention performance objectives in related earthquake hazard levels that are found in guidelines for performance-based earthquake engineering in Code for Seismic Design of Buildings(GB 50011—2010).
A typical existing reinforced concrete(RC) frame structure in Weizhou Town,Wenchuan County was studied to review the seismic safety levels of local RC frame building.The adopted assessment levels of earthquake ground motions were produced according to the local fortification intensity in Chinese Code for Seismic Design of Buildings(GB 50011—2010).By using nonlinear finite element method,probabilistic seismic demand model(PSDM) for RC frame structure was built.The seismic fragility curves for immediate occupancy,significant damage,and collapse prevention damage levels of the RC frame building were analyzed.Then,the seismic fragility assessment of the RC frame was discussed to assess the safety levels of the actual RC frame structure of design in Wenchuan County.The research results indicate that the existing RC frame structure in Wenchuan County would unlikely meet the structural damage and collapse prevention performance objectives in related earthquake hazard levels that are found in guidelines for performance-based earthquake engineering in Code for Seismic Design of Buildings(GB 50011—2010).
引文
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[17]ATC.Earthquake Damage Evaluation Data for Cali-fornia[R].Redwood City:Applied Technology Coun-cil,1985.
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[19]GB50011—2010,建筑抗震设计规范[S].GB 50011—2010,Code for Seismic Design of Build-ings[S].
[20]董建华,朱彦鹏,马巍,等.框架预应力锚杆边坡支护结构抗震简化设计方法[J].中国公路学报,2012,25(5):38-46.DONG Jian-hua,ZHU Yan-peng,MA Wei,et al.Sim-plified Seismic Design Method of Frame SupportingStructure with Prestressed Anchors for Slope Stabili-ty[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2012,25(5):38-46.
[21]陆新征,马玉虎,唐代远,等.汶川地震典型RC框架结构抗倒塌加固效果分析[J].建筑科学与工程学报,2011,28(2):21-27.LU Xin-zheng,MA Yu-hu,TANG Dai-yuan,et al.Strengthening Effect Analysis of Seismic Collapse Re-sistance of Typical RC Frame Structures in WenchuanEarthquake[J].Journal of Architecture and Civil En-gineering,2011,28(2):21-27.
[22]王毅红,卜永红,韩岗,等.中国村镇民居的建造习惯与抗震性能评析[J].长安大学学报:自然科学版,2011,31(3):60-67.WANG Yi-hong,BU Yong-hong,HAN Gang,et al.Assessing on Construction Habituation and SeismicBehavior of Village and Town Buildings in China[J].Journal of Chang'an University:Natural Science Edi-tion,2011,31(3):60-67.
[23]宋一凡,贺拴海,曹继伟.基于能量原理的框架桥墩地震力分析[J].长安大学学报:自然科学版,2002,22(1):36-40.SONG Yi-fan,HE Shuan-hai,CAO Ji-wei.Analysisfor Transverse Seismic Forces of the Frame BridgePiers Based on Energy Principle[J].Journal ofChang'an University:Natural Science Edition,2002,22(1):36-40.
[24]周果行.“5.12”汶川地震震区建筑受损的内在原因分析[J].建筑科学与工程学报,2009,26(2):109-115.ZHOU Guo-xing.Analysis of Internal Factors ofDamaged Buildings in“5.12”Wenchuan EarthquakeZone[J].Journal of Architecture and Civil Engineer-ing,2009,26(2):109-115.
[25]郭婷婷,徐锡伟,于贵华,等.川西地区农村民居建筑物震害调查与分析[J].建筑科学与工程学报,2009,26(3):59-64.GUO Ting-ting,XU Xi-wei,YU Gui-hua,et al.Inves-tigation and Analysis of Earthquake Disasters for Ru-ral Residential Buildings in Western Sichuan Areas[J].Journal of Architecture and Civil Engineering,2009,26(3):59-64.
[26]刘伯权,潘元.框架-抗震墙结构抗震墙抗弯刚度的优化研究[J].建筑科学与工程学报,2005,22(1):55-57,63.LIU Bo-quan,PAN Yuan.Study on Optimum BendingRigidity of Seismic Wall in Frame-shear Wall Struc-ture[J].Journal of Architecture and Civil Engineer-ing,2005,22(1):55-57,63.
[27]易伟建,张颖.混凝土框架结构抗震设计的弯矩增大系数[J].建筑科学与工程学报,2006,23(2):46-51.YI Wei-jian,ZHANG Ying.Moment MagnificationFactor in Anti-seismic Design of Concrete FrameStructure[J].Journal of Architecture and Civil En-gineering,2006,23(2):46-51.
[28]JALAYER F,FRANCHIN P,PINTO P E.A ScalarDecision Variable for Seismic Reliability Analysis ofRC Frames[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structur-al Dynamics,2007,36(13):2050-2079.
[29]CORNELL A C,JALAYER F,HAMBURGER R O,et al.Probabilistic Basis for 2000SAC Federal Emer-gency Management Agency Steel Moment FrameGuidelines[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2002,128(4):526-533.
[30]CASCIATI F,FARAVELLI L.Fragility Analysis ofComplex Structural Systems[M].New York:JohnWiley&Sons,1991.
[31]ELLINGWOOD B.Validation Studies of SeismicPRAs[J].Nuclear Engineering and Design,1990,123(2):189-196.
[32]SINGHAL A,KIREMIDJIAN A S.Method for Prob-abilistic Evaluation of Seismic Structural Damage[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,1996,122(12):1459-1467.
[33]ABRAHAMSON N A.Non-stationary Spectral Matc-hing[J].Seismological Research Letters,1992,63(1):30.
[34]HANCOCK J,WATSON-LAMPREY J,ABRAHA-MSON N A,et al.An Improved Method of MatchingResponse Spectra of Recorded Earthquake GroundMotion Using Wavelets[J].Journal of EarthquakeEngineering,2006,10(1):67-89.
[35]张卓然.汶川县双河市场房屋安全鉴定报告[R].广州:广州市房屋鉴定事务所,2009.ZHANG Zhuo-ran.Report of Shuanghe Market Build-ing Safety Inspection in Wenchuan County Town[R].Guangzhou:Guangzhou Building Identification Office,2009.
[36]GB50010—2002,混凝土结构设计规范[S].GB 50010—2002,Concrete Structure Design Code[S].
[37]CELIK O C,ELLINGWOOD B R.Seismic Fragilitiesfor Non Ductile Reinforced Concrete Frames Role ofAleatoric and Epistemic Uncertainties[J].StructuralSafety,2010,32(1):1-12.
[38]WANG X,MASAKI K,IRIKURA K.Building Dam-age Criteria from Strong Ground Motion Characteris-tics During the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Jour-nal of Earthquake Engineering,2011,15(7):1117-1137.
[2]杨主恩,邓志辉,马文涛,等.汶川8级强震极震区破坏情况与烈度[J].地震地质,2008,30(2):349-354.YANG Zhu-en,DENG Zhi-hui,MA Wen-tao,et al.Some Destruction and Its Seismic Intensity in Meizos-eismal Region of Wenchuan Earthquake with Magni-tude 8,Sichuan,China[J].Seismology and Geology,2008,30(2):349-354.
[3]叶列平,曲哲,马千里,等.从汶川地震框架结构震害谈“强柱弱梁”屈服机制的实现[J].建筑结构,2008,38(11):52-59,67.YE Lie-ping,QU Zhe,MA Qian-li,et al.Study on En-suring the Strong Column-weak Beam Mechanism forRC Frames Based on the Damage Analysis in theWenchuan Earthquake[J].Building Structure,2008,38(11):52-59,67.
[4]吴迪,熊焱,崔杰,等.汶川8.0级地震中汶川县城房屋震害及其加固情况分析[J].地震研究,2010,33(2):216-221.WU Di,XIONG Yan,CUI Jie,et al.The Analysis ofBuilding Damage and Reinforcement in WenchuanCounty Caused by the May 12,2008Earthquake[J].Journal of Seismological Research,2010,33(2):216-221.
[5]王亚勇.汶川地震建筑震害启示———抗震概念设计[J].建筑结构学报,2008,29(4):20-25.WANG Ya-yong.Lessons Learnt from Building Dam-ages in the Wenchuan Earthquake—Seismic ConceptDesign of Buildings[J].Journal of Building Struc-tures,2008,29(4):20-25.
[6]ZHANG J H,HU S D.State of the Art of BridgeSeismic Vulnerability Analysis Research[J].Structur-al Engineers,2005,21(5):76-80.
[7]DENG H S.Research on Building Structure SeismicFragility Assessment Method[J].China Water Trans-port,2010,10(5):140-141.
[8]SINGHAL A,KIREMIDJIAN A S.Method for Prob-abilistic Evaluation of Seismic Structural Damage[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,1996,122(12):1459-1467.
[9]YIN Z Q,ZHAO Z,YANG S W.Relation BetweenVulnerability of Buildings and Earthquake Accelera-tion Spectra[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engin-eering Vibration,2003,23(4):195-200.
[10]ELLINGWOOD B R.Earthquake Risk Assessment ofBuilding Structures[J].Reliability Engineering andSystem Safety,2001,74(3):251-262.
[11]ROSSETTO T,ELNASHAI A.Derivation of Vulner-ability Functions for European-type RC StructuresBased on Observational Data[J].Engineering Struc-tures,2003,25(10):1241-1263.
[12]SHINOZUKA M,FENG M Q,LEE J,et al.Statisti-cal Analysis of Fragility Curves[J].Journal of En-gineering Mechanics,2000,126(12):1224-1231.
[13]CELIK O C,ELLINGWOOD B R.Seismic Risk As-sessment of Gravity Load Designed Reinforced Con-crete Frames Subjected to Mid-America Ground Mo-tions[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2009,135(4):414-424.
[14]ELLINGWOOD B R,CELIK O C,KINALI K.Fragil-ity Assessment of Building Structural Systems inMid-America[J].Earthquake Engineering and Struc-tural Dynamics,2007,36(13):1935-1952.
[15]ROSSETTO T,ELNASHAI A.A New AnalyticalProcedure for the Derivation of Displacement-basedVulnerability Curves for Populations of RC Structures[J].Engineering Structures,2005,27(3):397-409.
[16]HWANG H,LIU J B.Seismic Fragility Analysis ofReinforced Concrete Bridges[J].China Civil Engin-eering Journal,2004,37(6):47-51.
[17]ATC.Earthquake Damage Evaluation Data for Cali-fornia[R].Redwood City:Applied Technology Coun-cil,1985.
[18]吕大刚,于晓辉,潘峰,等.基于改进云图法的结构概率地震需求分析[J].世界地震工程,2010,26(1):7-15.LU Da-gang,YU Xiao-hui,PAN Feng,et al.Probabi-listic Seismic Demand Analysis of Structures Based onan Improved Cloud Method[J].World EarthquakeEngineering,2010,26(1):7-15.
[19]GB50011—2010,建筑抗震设计规范[S].GB 50011—2010,Code for Seismic Design of Build-ings[S].
[20]董建华,朱彦鹏,马巍,等.框架预应力锚杆边坡支护结构抗震简化设计方法[J].中国公路学报,2012,25(5):38-46.DONG Jian-hua,ZHU Yan-peng,MA Wei,et al.Sim-plified Seismic Design Method of Frame SupportingStructure with Prestressed Anchors for Slope Stabili-ty[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2012,25(5):38-46.
[21]陆新征,马玉虎,唐代远,等.汶川地震典型RC框架结构抗倒塌加固效果分析[J].建筑科学与工程学报,2011,28(2):21-27.LU Xin-zheng,MA Yu-hu,TANG Dai-yuan,et al.Strengthening Effect Analysis of Seismic Collapse Re-sistance of Typical RC Frame Structures in WenchuanEarthquake[J].Journal of Architecture and Civil En-gineering,2011,28(2):21-27.
[22]王毅红,卜永红,韩岗,等.中国村镇民居的建造习惯与抗震性能评析[J].长安大学学报:自然科学版,2011,31(3):60-67.WANG Yi-hong,BU Yong-hong,HAN Gang,et al.Assessing on Construction Habituation and SeismicBehavior of Village and Town Buildings in China[J].Journal of Chang'an University:Natural Science Edi-tion,2011,31(3):60-67.
[23]宋一凡,贺拴海,曹继伟.基于能量原理的框架桥墩地震力分析[J].长安大学学报:自然科学版,2002,22(1):36-40.SONG Yi-fan,HE Shuan-hai,CAO Ji-wei.Analysisfor Transverse Seismic Forces of the Frame BridgePiers Based on Energy Principle[J].Journal ofChang'an University:Natural Science Edition,2002,22(1):36-40.
[24]周果行.“5.12”汶川地震震区建筑受损的内在原因分析[J].建筑科学与工程学报,2009,26(2):109-115.ZHOU Guo-xing.Analysis of Internal Factors ofDamaged Buildings in“5.12”Wenchuan EarthquakeZone[J].Journal of Architecture and Civil Engineer-ing,2009,26(2):109-115.
[25]郭婷婷,徐锡伟,于贵华,等.川西地区农村民居建筑物震害调查与分析[J].建筑科学与工程学报,2009,26(3):59-64.GUO Ting-ting,XU Xi-wei,YU Gui-hua,et al.Inves-tigation and Analysis of Earthquake Disasters for Ru-ral Residential Buildings in Western Sichuan Areas[J].Journal of Architecture and Civil Engineering,2009,26(3):59-64.
[26]刘伯权,潘元.框架-抗震墙结构抗震墙抗弯刚度的优化研究[J].建筑科学与工程学报,2005,22(1):55-57,63.LIU Bo-quan,PAN Yuan.Study on Optimum BendingRigidity of Seismic Wall in Frame-shear Wall Struc-ture[J].Journal of Architecture and Civil Engineer-ing,2005,22(1):55-57,63.
[27]易伟建,张颖.混凝土框架结构抗震设计的弯矩增大系数[J].建筑科学与工程学报,2006,23(2):46-51.YI Wei-jian,ZHANG Ying.Moment MagnificationFactor in Anti-seismic Design of Concrete FrameStructure[J].Journal of Architecture and Civil En-gineering,2006,23(2):46-51.
[28]JALAYER F,FRANCHIN P,PINTO P E.A ScalarDecision Variable for Seismic Reliability Analysis ofRC Frames[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structur-al Dynamics,2007,36(13):2050-2079.
[29]CORNELL A C,JALAYER F,HAMBURGER R O,et al.Probabilistic Basis for 2000SAC Federal Emer-gency Management Agency Steel Moment FrameGuidelines[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2002,128(4):526-533.
[30]CASCIATI F,FARAVELLI L.Fragility Analysis ofComplex Structural Systems[M].New York:JohnWiley&Sons,1991.
[31]ELLINGWOOD B.Validation Studies of SeismicPRAs[J].Nuclear Engineering and Design,1990,123(2):189-196.
[32]SINGHAL A,KIREMIDJIAN A S.Method for Prob-abilistic Evaluation of Seismic Structural Damage[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,1996,122(12):1459-1467.
[33]ABRAHAMSON N A.Non-stationary Spectral Matc-hing[J].Seismological Research Letters,1992,63(1):30.
[34]HANCOCK J,WATSON-LAMPREY J,ABRAHA-MSON N A,et al.An Improved Method of MatchingResponse Spectra of Recorded Earthquake GroundMotion Using Wavelets[J].Journal of EarthquakeEngineering,2006,10(1):67-89.
[35]张卓然.汶川县双河市场房屋安全鉴定报告[R].广州:广州市房屋鉴定事务所,2009.ZHANG Zhuo-ran.Report of Shuanghe Market Build-ing Safety Inspection in Wenchuan County Town[R].Guangzhou:Guangzhou Building Identification Office,2009.
[36]GB50010—2002,混凝土结构设计规范[S].GB 50010—2002,Concrete Structure Design Code[S].
[37]CELIK O C,ELLINGWOOD B R.Seismic Fragilitiesfor Non Ductile Reinforced Concrete Frames Role ofAleatoric and Epistemic Uncertainties[J].StructuralSafety,2010,32(1):1-12.
[38]WANG X,MASAKI K,IRIKURA K.Building Dam-age Criteria from Strong Ground Motion Characteris-tics During the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Jour-nal of Earthquake Engineering,2011,15(7):1117-1137.
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