典型地震动作用下长周期单自由度体系地震反应分析
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摘要
通过单自由度体系典型地震反应分析探讨长周期结构的类共振及瞬态效应问题。远场类谐和地震动与近断层脉冲型地震动是导致长周期结构发生类共振的两类长周期地震动,而目前对此两类地震动特性以及地震反应的对比分析尚不多见。首先,通过卓越频率与能量时间分布系数对比分析,研究了长周期地震动能量时频分布特性,结果表明:两类长周期地震动的能量均集中在较低频段,且远场类谐和地震动的能量集中频段略低于近断层脉冲型地震动;近断层脉冲型地震动与普通地震动的能量在时域内分布较远场类谐和地震动集中。然后,进行了弹性反应谱对比分析,结果表明:在长周期段,远场类谐和地震动与近断层脉冲型地震动的加速度反应、速度反应、位移反应和输入能量均大于普通地震动,且速度反应、位移反应与输入能量的放大程度明显高于加速度反应;远场类谐和地震动的各反应明显大于近断层脉冲型地震动,且衰减更为缓慢。最后,提出瞬态效应的概念,并进行了实际地震动作用下的瞬态效应分析,结果表明:瞬态效应是地震动高频成分的固有属性,但不足以引起长周期结构的瞬态位移破坏。建议在对长周期结构进行抗震设计时,需要重点考虑两类长周期地震动引起的类共振问题,而不需要考虑瞬态效应。
Pseudo-resonance and transient effects of long-period structures were investigated based on the analysis of seismic response of SDOF(single degree of freedom) system.Far-field harmonic-like ground motions and near-fault pulse-like ground motions are two types of long-period ground motions which can lead to pseudo-resonance of long-period structures.Based on the contrast analysis on predominant frequency and energy distribution coefficient,characteristics of time-frequency energy distribution of long-period ground motions were analyzed.The results show that: the energy of two types of long-period ground motions are concentrated in lower frequency bands,especially far-field harmonic-like ground motions;in time domain,the energy distributions of near-fault pulse-like ground motions and ordinary ground motions are more concentrated than that of far-field harmonic-like ground motions.The elastic response spectra were comparatively analyzed and the results show that: in long-period bands,the magnitudes of response spectra corresponding to far-field harmonic-like ground motions and near-fault pulse-like ground motions are greater than that corresponding to ordinary ground motions,especially the velocity response spectrum,displacement response spectrum and input energy spectrum;all kinds of reactions for far-field harmonic-like ground motions are much greater than those of near-fault ones and the attenuation of the former is much more slowly.The concept of transient effect was put forward,and transient effects of actual ground motions were analyzed.The results show that: transient effects are natural attributes of high-frequency components of ground motions,which couldn't cause transient deflection damage of long-period structures.In long-period structural seismic design,it is necessary to consider the pseudo-resonance caused by two types of long-period ground motions,while it is unnecessary to consider transient effects.
Pseudo-resonance and transient effects of long-period structures were investigated based on the analysis of seismic response of SDOF(single degree of freedom) system.Far-field harmonic-like ground motions and near-fault pulse-like ground motions are two types of long-period ground motions which can lead to pseudo-resonance of long-period structures.Based on the contrast analysis on predominant frequency and energy distribution coefficient,characteristics of time-frequency energy distribution of long-period ground motions were analyzed.The results show that: the energy of two types of long-period ground motions are concentrated in lower frequency bands,especially far-field harmonic-like ground motions;in time domain,the energy distributions of near-fault pulse-like ground motions and ordinary ground motions are more concentrated than that of far-field harmonic-like ground motions.The elastic response spectra were comparatively analyzed and the results show that: in long-period bands,the magnitudes of response spectra corresponding to far-field harmonic-like ground motions and near-fault pulse-like ground motions are greater than that corresponding to ordinary ground motions,especially the velocity response spectrum,displacement response spectrum and input energy spectrum;all kinds of reactions for far-field harmonic-like ground motions are much greater than those of near-fault ones and the attenuation of the former is much more slowly.The concept of transient effect was put forward,and transient effects of actual ground motions were analyzed.The results show that: transient effects are natural attributes of high-frequency components of ground motions,which couldn't cause transient deflection damage of long-period structures.In long-period structural seismic design,it is necessary to consider the pseudo-resonance caused by two types of long-period ground motions,while it is unnecessary to consider transient effects.
引文
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[15]Chung Y L,Nagae T,Hitaka T,et al.Seismic resistancecapacity of high-rise buildings subjected to long-period groundmotions:E-Defense shaking table test[J].Journal ofStructural Engineering,2010,136(6):637-644.
[16]江义,杨迪雄,李刚.近断层地震动向前方向性效应和滑冲效应对高层钢结构地震反应的影响[J].建筑结构学报,2010,31(9):103-110.JIANG Yi,YANG Di-xiong,LI Gang.Effects of forward directivity and fling step of near-fault ground motions on seismic responses of high-rise steel structure[J].Journal of Building Structures,2010,31(9):103-110.
[17]Yang D X,Pan J W,Li G.Interstory drift ratio of building structures subjected to near-fault ground motions based on generalized drift spectral analysis[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2010,30:1182-1197.
[18]Yang D X,Wang W.Nonlocal period parameters of frequency content characterization of near-fault ground motions[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,2012,41(14):DOI10.1002/eqe.2157.
[19]He W L,Agrawal A K.Analytical model of ground motion pulses for the design and assessment of seismic protectivesystems[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,ASCE,2008,134(7):1177-1188.
[20]吴琛,周瑞忠.Hilbert-Huang变换在提取地震信号动力特性中的应用[J].地震工程与工程振动,2006,26(5):41-46.WU Chen,ZHOU Rui-zhong.Application of Hilbert-Huang transform in extracting dynamic properties of seismic signals[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2006,26(5):41-46.
[21]刘强,周瑞忠,刘宇航.基于Hilbert-Huang变换分析的地震动能量与震动效应评估[J].力学与实践,2008,30(5):19-23.LIU Qiang,ZHOU Rui-zhong,LIU Yu-hang.Evaluation of energy and seismic effect of earthquake wave based on HHT analysis[J].Mechanics and Engineering,2008,30(5):19-23.
[2]郭华东.大跨径桥梁在长周期地震动作用下的响应及减震措施研究[D].西安:长安大学,2011.
[3]周福霖,崔鸿超,安部重孝,等.东日本大地震灾害考察报告[J].建筑结构,2012,42(4):1-20ZHOU Fu-lin,CUI Hong-chao,Shigetaka ABE,et al.Inspection report of the disaster of the Ease Japan earthquakeby Sino-Japanese joint mission[J].Building Structure,2012,42(4):1-20.
[4]徐龙军,胡进军,谢礼立.特殊长周期地震动的参数特征研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2005,28(6):20-27.XU Long-jun,HU Jin-jun,XIE Li-li.On characteristics ofground motion parameters for special long-period groundmotions[J].Earthquake Engineering and EngineeringVibration,2005,28(6):20-27.
[5]陈清军,李英成,胡灿阳.基于正交化HHT法的特殊长周期地震动能量分布研究[J].力学季刊,2010,31(4):548-554.CHEN Qing-jun,LI Ying-cheng,HU Can-yang.Study onenergy distribution of special long-period ground motion basedon orthogonal Hilbert-Huang transform method[J].ChineseQuarterly of Mechanics,2010,31(4):548-554.
[6]刘启方,袁一凡,金星,等.近断层地震动的基本特征[J].地震工程与工程振动,2006,26(1):1-10.LIU Qi-fang,YUAN Yi-fan,JIN Xing,et al.Basiccharacteristics of near-fault ground motion[J].EarthquakeEngineering and Engineering Vibration,2006,26(1):1-10.
[7]李春锋.近断层脉冲型地震动的长周期效应[J].国际地震动态,2010(2):33-34.LI Chun-feng.The long-period effect of near-fault pulse-likeground motions[J].Recent Developments in WorldSeismology,2010(2):33-34.
[8]徐龙军,谢礼立,郝敏.简谐波地震动反应谱研究[J].工程力学,2005,22(5):7-13.XU Long-jun,XIE Li-li,HAO Min.On the response spectrato harmonic ground motion[J].Engineering Mechanics,2005,22(5):7-13.
[9]吴琛,周瑞忠.地震瞬态反应计算与结构位移反应谱研究.[J].水力发电学报,2007,26(5):53-58.WU Chen,ZHOU Rui-zhong.Computation of earthquaketransient response and research on displacement spectra.[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2007,26(5):53-58.
[10]吴琛,周瑞忠.长周期结构地震瞬态反应研究.[J].振动与冲击,2011,30(5):123-126.WU Chen,ZHOU Rui-zhong.Earthquake transient responseof a long period structure[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2011,30(5):123-126.
[11]刘强,周瑞忠,袁文君.高耸结构地震瞬态反应计算与动力特性研究[J].土木工程学报,2010,43(5):63-69.LIU Qiang,ZHOU Rui-zhong,YUAN Wen-jun.Computationof earthquake transient response of skyscraper structures andstudy of the dynamic properties[J].China civil EngineeringJournal,2010,43(5):63-69.
[12]廖述清,裴星洙,周晓松,等.长周期地震动作用下结构的弹塑性地震反应分析[J].建筑结构,2005,35(5):24-27.LIAO Shu-qing,PEI Xing-zhu,ZHOU Xiao-song,et al.Elastic-plastic analysis of earthquake response of structuresunder the long-period earthquake motion[J].BuildingStructure,2005,35(5):24-27.
[13]陈清军,袁伟泽,曹丽雅.长周期地震波作用下高层建筑结构的弹塑性动力响应分析[J].力学季刊,2011,32(3):403-410.CHEN Qing-jun,YUAN Wei-ze,CAO Li-ya.Elasto-plasticdynamic response analysis of high rise structures under longperiod ground motion[J].Chinese Quarterly of Mechanics,2011,32(3):403-410.
[14]Takewaki,Murakami S,Fujita K,et al.The 2011 off thePacific coast of Tohoku earthquake and response of high-risebuildings under long-period ground motions[J].SoilDynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2011,6:1-18.
[15]Chung Y L,Nagae T,Hitaka T,et al.Seismic resistancecapacity of high-rise buildings subjected to long-period groundmotions:E-Defense shaking table test[J].Journal ofStructural Engineering,2010,136(6):637-644.
[16]江义,杨迪雄,李刚.近断层地震动向前方向性效应和滑冲效应对高层钢结构地震反应的影响[J].建筑结构学报,2010,31(9):103-110.JIANG Yi,YANG Di-xiong,LI Gang.Effects of forward directivity and fling step of near-fault ground motions on seismic responses of high-rise steel structure[J].Journal of Building Structures,2010,31(9):103-110.
[17]Yang D X,Pan J W,Li G.Interstory drift ratio of building structures subjected to near-fault ground motions based on generalized drift spectral analysis[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2010,30:1182-1197.
[18]Yang D X,Wang W.Nonlocal period parameters of frequency content characterization of near-fault ground motions[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,2012,41(14):DOI10.1002/eqe.2157.
[19]He W L,Agrawal A K.Analytical model of ground motion pulses for the design and assessment of seismic protectivesystems[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,ASCE,2008,134(7):1177-1188.
[20]吴琛,周瑞忠.Hilbert-Huang变换在提取地震信号动力特性中的应用[J].地震工程与工程振动,2006,26(5):41-46.WU Chen,ZHOU Rui-zhong.Application of Hilbert-Huang transform in extracting dynamic properties of seismic signals[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2006,26(5):41-46.
[21]刘强,周瑞忠,刘宇航.基于Hilbert-Huang变换分析的地震动能量与震动效应评估[J].力学与实践,2008,30(5):19-23.LIU Qiang,ZHOU Rui-zhong,LIU Yu-hang.Evaluation of energy and seismic effect of earthquake wave based on HHT analysis[J].Mechanics and Engineering,2008,30(5):19-23.
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