汶川大地震中土坝破坏程度与坝体几何形状的关系分析
|
摘要
调查、搜集和研究了汶川地震中被评定为高危以上险情的147座小型水库土坝的地震破坏情况,给出了高危以上险情土坝的地震破坏程度划分为中等破坏、严重破坏和极严重破坏三个等级的原则和标准,以及土坝的地震破坏程度与地震烈度、土坝的宽高比、上游坡比、坝高的经验关系表,可发现:土坝的几何形状对其破坏程度起着重要的作用;对于6～8度地震烈度区,土坝的宽高比越小,或上游坡比越小,或坝体越高,则土坝的破坏程度越严重;对于9度以上地震烈度区,土坝通常发生极严重破坏。依据高危以上险情土坝的地震反应分析结果,给出了土坝地震破坏程度与土坝宽高比、坝高、土坝上游坡比及坝顶加速度放大系数、坝体最大动剪应力的经验关系曲线,发现在相同的地震烈度水平下,土坝的宽高比越小,或上游坡比越小,或坝高越大,且坝顶加速度放大系数越大或坝体最大动剪应力越大,则其地震破坏程度越严重;坝体最大动剪应力超过30kPa的土坝,通常发生严重或极严重破坏,坝体最大动剪应力大于100kPa的土坝,通常发生极严重破坏;土坝离发震断层越远,则其坝顶加速度放大系数越大。本文给出的高危以上险情土坝的地震破坏程度与坝体几何形状的经验关系,可为今后土坝抗震设计提供参考依据。
Based on the investigation and analysis of 147 high-risk earth dams in Wenchuan earthquake,the earthquake damage extent was divided into three levels: medium damage,serious damage and very serious damage.The empirical relationship among earthquake damage extent,earthquake intensity,aspect ratio,upstream slope ratio and height of earth dam was obtained.It was found that the geometry of the dam has an important effect on earthquake damage extent.For earthquake intensity 6~8,the smaller aspect ratio or the smaller upstream slope ratio or the greater height the earth dams had,the more serious the earthquake damage would be;for earthquake intensity above 9,the earth dams were generally damaged very seriously.Based on the seismic response analysis of the earth dams,the empirical relationship among earthquake damage extent,aspect ratio,upstream slope ratio,height of earth dams and acceleration amplification factor on dam crest,and the maximum dynamic shear stress in dam body were given.It could be seen that at the same earthquake intensity level,the smaller the aspect ratio or the smaller the upstream slope ratio or the higher the earth dams,and the greater the acceleration amplification factor on dam crest or the higher the dynamic shear stress in dam body,the more serious the earthquake damage.When the maximum dynamic shear stress in dam body is higher than 30 kPa,the dam was damaged seriously or very seriously.When the maximum dynamic shear stress in dam body is higher than 100 kPa,the dam was damaged very seriously.The farther the dam was located from the causative fault,the greater the acceleration amplification factor on dam crest was.In this paper,the empirical relationships between the damage extent and the geometry of the high-risk earth dams were established,which could give references for the seismic design of dams in the future.
Based on the investigation and analysis of 147 high-risk earth dams in Wenchuan earthquake,the earthquake damage extent was divided into three levels: medium damage,serious damage and very serious damage.The empirical relationship among earthquake damage extent,earthquake intensity,aspect ratio,upstream slope ratio and height of earth dam was obtained.It was found that the geometry of the dam has an important effect on earthquake damage extent.For earthquake intensity 6~8,the smaller aspect ratio or the smaller upstream slope ratio or the greater height the earth dams had,the more serious the earthquake damage would be;for earthquake intensity above 9,the earth dams were generally damaged very seriously.Based on the seismic response analysis of the earth dams,the empirical relationship among earthquake damage extent,aspect ratio,upstream slope ratio,height of earth dams and acceleration amplification factor on dam crest,and the maximum dynamic shear stress in dam body were given.It could be seen that at the same earthquake intensity level,the smaller the aspect ratio or the smaller the upstream slope ratio or the higher the earth dams,and the greater the acceleration amplification factor on dam crest or the higher the dynamic shear stress in dam body,the more serious the earthquake damage.When the maximum dynamic shear stress in dam body is higher than 30 kPa,the dam was damaged seriously or very seriously.When the maximum dynamic shear stress in dam body is higher than 100 kPa,the dam was damaged very seriously.The farther the dam was located from the causative fault,the greater the acceleration amplification factor on dam crest was.In this paper,the empirical relationships between the damage extent and the geometry of the high-risk earth dams were established,which could give references for the seismic design of dams in the future.
引文
[1]祈庆和.水工建筑物[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1997.QI Qinghe.Hydraulic structure[M].Beijing:China Water Power Press,1997.
[2]陈慧远,徐关泉,李鸿俊,等.最新土石坝工程学[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1986.CHEN Huiyuan,XU Guanquan,LI Hongjun,et al.New dam engineering[M].Beijing:China Water Power Press,1983.(in Chinese)
[3]赵剑明,常亚屏,陈宁.加强高土石坝抗震研究的现实意义及工作展望[J].世界地震工程,2004,20(1):95-99.ZHAO Jianming,CHANG Yaping,CHEN Ning.Significance and prospects about earthquake resistant studies of high earth-rockfill dams[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2004,20(1):95-99.(in Chinese)
[4]朱亚林,孔宪京,邹德高,等.高土石坝地震反应和破坏机理分析[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(9):1362-1367.ZHU Yalin,KONG Xianjing,ZOU Degao,et al.Dynamic response and failure mechanism of high earth-rockfill dams[J].Chinese Journal ofGeotechnical Engineering,2010,32(9):1362-1367.(in Chinese)
[5]Bolton H Seed,Geoffrey R Martin.The seismic coefficient in earth dam design[J].Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division,Pro-ceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineering,1966,92(3):25-58.
[6]朱颖斌,李艳丽.土石坝的合理边坡形状和稳定分析[J].黑龙江水利科技,2002,30(2):46.ZHU Yingbin,LI Yanli.Resonable slope shape and stability analysis of rock-fill dams[J].Heilongjiang Science and Technology of Water Conser-vancy,2002,30(2):46.(in Chinese)
[7]景立平,陈国兴,李永强,等.汶川8.0级地震水坝震害调查[J].地震工程与工程振动,2009,29(1):14-23.JING Liping,CHEN Guoxing,LI Yongqiang,et al.Investigation on earthquake-induced dam damage during Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journalof Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2009,29(1):14-23.(in Chinese)
[8]叶亚三,陈国兴,王志华,等.汶川大地震中广元市水库震害调查与分析[J].世界地震工程,2011,27(4):73-85.YE Yasan,CHEN Guoxing,WANG Zhihua,JING Liping,et al.Investigation and analysis of Earthquake-induced dam damages of reservoirs inGuangyuan City during Wenchuan Large Earthquake[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2011,27(4):73-85.(in Chinese)
[9]叶亚三,陈国兴,王志华.汶川大地震中罗江县水库土坝震害调查与分析[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2011,31(6):YE Yasan,CHEN Guoxing,WANG Zhihua.Investigation and analysis of seismic damage of earth dams in luojiang county during Wenchuan earth-quake[J].Journal of DisasterPrevention and Mitigation Engineering,2011,31(6):(in Chinese)
[10]陈国兴,景立平,周新贵,等.汶川8.0级地震后绵阳市游仙区水库震害调查与分析[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2009,29(3):347-355.CHEN Guoxing,Jing Liping,ZHOU Xingui,et al.Investigation and analysis of seismic damage of earth dams in Youxian district of MianyangCity during Wenchuan M8.0 earthquake[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and MitigationEngineering,2009,29(3):347-355.(in Chinese)
[11]陈国兴,景立平,周新贵,等.汶川8.0级地震后中江县水库震害调查与分析[J].灾害学,2009,24(3):69-74.CHEN Guoxing,JING Liping,ZHOU Xinui,et al.Investigation and analysis on earthquake damages to reservoirs in Zhongjiang County duringM8.0 Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Catastrophology,2009,24(3):69-74.(in Chinese)
[12]陈国兴,景立平,王志华,等.汶川地震中绵阳市梓潼县水库土坝震害调查与分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2009,29(5):102-111.CHEN Guoxing,JING Liping,WANG Zhihua,et al.Investigation and analysis of earthquake-induced damage to earth dams of reservoirs in Zi-tong County of Mianyang City during Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2009,29(5):102-111.(in Chinese)
[13]陈国兴,景立平,汤皓,等.汶川地震中绵竹市水库土坝震损调查与分析[J].南京工业大学学报:自然科学版,2009,31(1):15-23.CHEN Guoxing,JING Liping,TANG Hao,et al.Investigation and analysis of earthquake-induced earth dam damages in Mianzhu City duringWenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Nanjing University of Technology:Natural Science Edition,2009,31(1):15-23.(in Chinese)
[14]周新贵,王志华,陈国兴.汶川地震震损水库土坝动力反应与几何坝形的经验关系[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2010,30(5):580-586.ZHOU Xingui,WANG Zhihua,CHEN Guoxing.Empirical relationships between dynamic responses of reservoir's earth dams damaged in Wen-chuan earthquake and dam's Geometry[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2010,30(5):580-586.(in Chinese)
[2]陈慧远,徐关泉,李鸿俊,等.最新土石坝工程学[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1986.CHEN Huiyuan,XU Guanquan,LI Hongjun,et al.New dam engineering[M].Beijing:China Water Power Press,1983.(in Chinese)
[3]赵剑明,常亚屏,陈宁.加强高土石坝抗震研究的现实意义及工作展望[J].世界地震工程,2004,20(1):95-99.ZHAO Jianming,CHANG Yaping,CHEN Ning.Significance and prospects about earthquake resistant studies of high earth-rockfill dams[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2004,20(1):95-99.(in Chinese)
[4]朱亚林,孔宪京,邹德高,等.高土石坝地震反应和破坏机理分析[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(9):1362-1367.ZHU Yalin,KONG Xianjing,ZOU Degao,et al.Dynamic response and failure mechanism of high earth-rockfill dams[J].Chinese Journal ofGeotechnical Engineering,2010,32(9):1362-1367.(in Chinese)
[5]Bolton H Seed,Geoffrey R Martin.The seismic coefficient in earth dam design[J].Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division,Pro-ceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineering,1966,92(3):25-58.
[6]朱颖斌,李艳丽.土石坝的合理边坡形状和稳定分析[J].黑龙江水利科技,2002,30(2):46.ZHU Yingbin,LI Yanli.Resonable slope shape and stability analysis of rock-fill dams[J].Heilongjiang Science and Technology of Water Conser-vancy,2002,30(2):46.(in Chinese)
[7]景立平,陈国兴,李永强,等.汶川8.0级地震水坝震害调查[J].地震工程与工程振动,2009,29(1):14-23.JING Liping,CHEN Guoxing,LI Yongqiang,et al.Investigation on earthquake-induced dam damage during Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journalof Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2009,29(1):14-23.(in Chinese)
[8]叶亚三,陈国兴,王志华,等.汶川大地震中广元市水库震害调查与分析[J].世界地震工程,2011,27(4):73-85.YE Yasan,CHEN Guoxing,WANG Zhihua,JING Liping,et al.Investigation and analysis of Earthquake-induced dam damages of reservoirs inGuangyuan City during Wenchuan Large Earthquake[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2011,27(4):73-85.(in Chinese)
[9]叶亚三,陈国兴,王志华.汶川大地震中罗江县水库土坝震害调查与分析[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2011,31(6):YE Yasan,CHEN Guoxing,WANG Zhihua.Investigation and analysis of seismic damage of earth dams in luojiang county during Wenchuan earth-quake[J].Journal of DisasterPrevention and Mitigation Engineering,2011,31(6):(in Chinese)
[10]陈国兴,景立平,周新贵,等.汶川8.0级地震后绵阳市游仙区水库震害调查与分析[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2009,29(3):347-355.CHEN Guoxing,Jing Liping,ZHOU Xingui,et al.Investigation and analysis of seismic damage of earth dams in Youxian district of MianyangCity during Wenchuan M8.0 earthquake[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and MitigationEngineering,2009,29(3):347-355.(in Chinese)
[11]陈国兴,景立平,周新贵,等.汶川8.0级地震后中江县水库震害调查与分析[J].灾害学,2009,24(3):69-74.CHEN Guoxing,JING Liping,ZHOU Xinui,et al.Investigation and analysis on earthquake damages to reservoirs in Zhongjiang County duringM8.0 Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Catastrophology,2009,24(3):69-74.(in Chinese)
[12]陈国兴,景立平,王志华,等.汶川地震中绵阳市梓潼县水库土坝震害调查与分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2009,29(5):102-111.CHEN Guoxing,JING Liping,WANG Zhihua,et al.Investigation and analysis of earthquake-induced damage to earth dams of reservoirs in Zi-tong County of Mianyang City during Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2009,29(5):102-111.(in Chinese)
[13]陈国兴,景立平,汤皓,等.汶川地震中绵竹市水库土坝震损调查与分析[J].南京工业大学学报:自然科学版,2009,31(1):15-23.CHEN Guoxing,JING Liping,TANG Hao,et al.Investigation and analysis of earthquake-induced earth dam damages in Mianzhu City duringWenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Nanjing University of Technology:Natural Science Edition,2009,31(1):15-23.(in Chinese)
[14]周新贵,王志华,陈国兴.汶川地震震损水库土坝动力反应与几何坝形的经验关系[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2010,30(5):580-586.ZHOU Xingui,WANG Zhihua,CHEN Guoxing.Empirical relationships between dynamic responses of reservoir's earth dams damaged in Wen-chuan earthquake and dam's Geometry[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2010,30(5):580-586.(in Chinese)
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心