水平地震力作用下岩体破坏机理探究
|
摘要
基于摩尔库伦强度准则和波动理论对地震作用下岩体的破坏机理进行研究。结果表明:当埋深在一定范围内,水平地震作用下岩体的内聚力c和正应力σn与振动速度和埋深呈线性关系。当埋深一定时,振动速度越大c值越小;在振动速度增大的过程中岩体的应力状态由压应力逐渐转变为拉应力,且拉应力随振动速度的增大而增大;当振动速度一定时,岩体埋深越大c值越小;埋深越浅,拉应力越大,当埋深达到一定值时岩体就只在其弹性极限内振动而不产生破坏。
Based on Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion and wave theory,the failure mechanism of rock and soil masses under earthquake loading has been theoretically analyzed,with the calculation process assuming the maximum value of seismic stress and the most unfavorable orientation.It has been found that cohesive force and normal stress are linearly related to vibration velocity when the burial depth is within a certain range.When the burial depth is constant,vibration velocity increases as cohesive force,c,decreases,so with increasing vibration velocity,stresses in the rock mass would transform from the compressive state to the tensile state and continue to increase.When the vibration velocity is constant,the deeper the burial depth of the rock mass,the smaller is the cohesive force;and the shallower the burial depth,the greater is the tensile stress.When the burial depth increases to a certain value,the rock mass begins to vibrate within the elastic limit and no failure can occur.This research can be applied to the assessment of rock mass stability and the forecasting of geological hazards,as rock masses under different burial depths always have different stress states.More specifically,rock masses buried shallowly store only a small amount of strain energy,limiting their destructive potential.Increasing the burial depth correspondingly increases the strain energy;as a result,the rock masses are closer to reaching their limit state and can more easily fail.The evolution of geological bodies shares a similar rule;namely,when a geological body reaches its limit state,a slight perturbation can trigger a geological hazard,whereas if the geological body has not yet approached its limit state,only a sufficiently strong disturbance will induce the geological hazard.
Based on Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion and wave theory,the failure mechanism of rock and soil masses under earthquake loading has been theoretically analyzed,with the calculation process assuming the maximum value of seismic stress and the most unfavorable orientation.It has been found that cohesive force and normal stress are linearly related to vibration velocity when the burial depth is within a certain range.When the burial depth is constant,vibration velocity increases as cohesive force,c,decreases,so with increasing vibration velocity,stresses in the rock mass would transform from the compressive state to the tensile state and continue to increase.When the vibration velocity is constant,the deeper the burial depth of the rock mass,the smaller is the cohesive force;and the shallower the burial depth,the greater is the tensile stress.When the burial depth increases to a certain value,the rock mass begins to vibrate within the elastic limit and no failure can occur.This research can be applied to the assessment of rock mass stability and the forecasting of geological hazards,as rock masses under different burial depths always have different stress states.More specifically,rock masses buried shallowly store only a small amount of strain energy,limiting their destructive potential.Increasing the burial depth correspondingly increases the strain energy;as a result,the rock masses are closer to reaching their limit state and can more easily fail.The evolution of geological bodies shares a similar rule;namely,when a geological body reaches its limit state,a slight perturbation can trigger a geological hazard,whereas if the geological body has not yet approached its limit state,only a sufficiently strong disturbance will induce the geological hazard.
引文
[1]梁庆国,韩文峰,谌文武,等.岩体地震动力破坏问题研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(增刊2):2783-2788.LIANG Qing-guo,HAN Wen-feng,CHEN Wen-wu,et al.Discussion on Rockmass Failure under Seismic Load[J].Chi-nese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(Supp.2):2783-2788.
[2]言志信,蔡汉成,王群敏,等.岩土体在地震作用下的破坏研究[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(10):1621-1626.YAN Zhi-xin,CAI Han-cheng,WANG Qun-min,et al.Re-search on Failure of Rock and Soil Mass under Earthquake[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(10):1621-1626.
[3]Tang C A,Kaiser P K.Numerical Simulation of CumulativeDamage and Seismic Energy Release during Brittle Rock Fail-ure——Part I:Fundamentals[J].Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sic.,1998,35(2):113-121.
[4]Wu C Q,Hao H,Ma G W,et al.Dynamic Response Analysisof Rock Mass with Stochastic Properties Subjected to Explo-sive Loads[J].FRAGBLAST-International Journal for Blas-ting and Fragmentation,1999,3(2):137-153.
[5]Cichowicz A,Milev A M,Durrheim R J.Rock Mass Behaviourunder Seismic Loading in A Deep Mine Environment:Implica-tions for Stop Support[J].Journal of the South African Insti-tute of Mining and Metallurgy,2000,100(2):121-128.
[6]左宇军,唐春安,朱万成,等.动载荷作用下岩石破坏过程的数值试验研究[J].岩土力学,2008,29(4):887-892.ZUO Yu-jun,TANG Chun-an,ZHU Wan-cheng,et al.Nu-merical Test on Failure Process of Rock Subjected to DynamicLoading[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(4):887-892.
[7]李夕兵,周子龙,叶州元,等.岩石动静组合加载力学特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(7):1387-1395.LI Xi-bing,ZHOU Zi-long,YE Zhou-yuan,et al.Study ofRock Mechanical Characteristics under Coupled Static and Dy-namic Loads[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engi-neering,2008,27(7):1387-1395.
[8]张海波,王媛,王鲁明,等.裂隙岩体动力特性的试验模拟研究[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2007,35(3):309-311.ZHANG Hai-bo,WANG Yuan,WANG Lu-ming,et al.Ex-perimental Research on Dynamic Characteristics of FracturedRock Mass[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sci-ences),2007,35(3):309-311.
[9]Li Z Z,Lin G X,Xu J H,et al.Experimental and TheoreticalStudy of Static-dynamic Mixed Mode Brittle Fracture of Rock[J].Journal of Central South University of Technology(Eng-lish Edition),1998,5(2):120-123.
[10]倪振强,孔纪名,阿发友.地震作用下非贯通节理岩体斜坡破坏的物理模型试验研究[J].西北地震学报,2012,34(3):209-214.NI Zhen-qiang,KONG Ji-ming,A Fa-you,et al.PhysicalModel test of Rocky Slope Failure Containing IntermittentJoints under Earthquake Action[J].Northwestern Seismolog-ical Journal,2011,34(1):209-214.
[11]曹安业,范军,牟宗龙,等.矿震动载对围岩的冲击破坏效应[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(12):2006-2010.CAO An-ye,FAN Jun,MOU Zong-long,et al.Burst FailureEffect of Mining-induced Tremor on Roadway SurroundingRock[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(12):2006-2010.
[12]朱万成,唐春安,黄志平,等.静态和动态载荷作用下岩石劈裂破坏模式的数值模拟[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,24(1):1-7.ZHU Wan-cheng,TANG Chun-an,HUANG Zhi-ping,et al.Numerical Simulation on Splitting Failure Mode of Rock un-der Static and Dynamic Loadings[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2006,24(1):1-7.
[13]冯文凯,黄澜秋,许强.强震波效应与山体斜坡震裂机理深入分析[J].西北地震学报,2011,33(1):20-25.FENG Wen-kai,HUANG Run-qiu,XU Qiang.In-depth A-nalysis of the Seismic Wave Effect and Slope Shattered Mech-anism[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2011,33(1):20-25.
[14]Itasca Consulting Group Inc.FLAC2Dusers manual dynamicanalysis1～27[R].Minneapolis:Itasca Consulting GroupInc.,2008.
[15]王来贵,赵娜,李天斌.强震诱发单一弱面斜坡塌滑有限元模拟[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(增刊1):3163-3167.WANG Lai-gui,ZHAO Na,LI Tian-bin.Finite Element Sim-ulation of Collapse and Sliding of Slope with Single WeakPlane Induced by Strong Earthquake[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(Supp.1):3163-3167.
[16]赵德安,陈志敏,蔡小林,等.中国地应力场分布规律统计分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(6):1266-1272.ZHAO De-an,CHEN Zhi-ming,CAI Xiao-lin,et al.TheStatistical Analysis to the Distribution of the Geo-stress inthe Continental Area of China[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2007,26(6):1266-1272.
[17]张倬元,王士天,王兰生.工程地质分析原理[M].北京:地质出版社,1993.ZHANG Zhuo-yuan,WANG Shi-tian,WANG Lan-sheng.Analysis Principles of Engineering Geological[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing,1993.
[18]左宇军,唐春安,朱万成,等.深部岩巷在动力扰动下的破坏机理分析[J].煤炭学报,2006,31(6):742-746.ZUO Yu-jun,TANG Chun-an,ZHU Wan-cheng,et al.Mechanism Analysis on Failure of Deep Rock Laneway underDynamic Disturbance[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2006,31(6):742-746.
[19]许强,黄润秋,王来贵.外界扰动诱发地质灾害的机理分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(2):280-284.XU Qiang,HUANG Run-qiu,WANG Lai-gui.MechanismAnalysis on Geological Hazards Triggered by External Dis-turbance[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engi-neering,2002,21(2):280-284.
[20]王勇智,戚炜,门玉明,等.强震区岩体动力破坏机制研究[J].岩土力学,2005,26(11):1841-1844.WANG Yong-zhi,QI Wei,MEN Yu-ming,et al.Experi-mental Research of Dynamic Failure Mechanism of Rickmassin Meizoseismal Area[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(11):1841-1844.
[21]黄侃,程国明.露天矿高边坡钻孔采矿法的参数研究[J].煤炭学报,2004,29(2):164-166.Huang Kan,CHENG Guo-ming.Study on the Parameters ofHighwall Auger Mining in Open Pit Mine[J].Journal of Chi-na Coal Society,2004,29(2):164-166.
[2]言志信,蔡汉成,王群敏,等.岩土体在地震作用下的破坏研究[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(10):1621-1626.YAN Zhi-xin,CAI Han-cheng,WANG Qun-min,et al.Re-search on Failure of Rock and Soil Mass under Earthquake[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(10):1621-1626.
[3]Tang C A,Kaiser P K.Numerical Simulation of CumulativeDamage and Seismic Energy Release during Brittle Rock Fail-ure——Part I:Fundamentals[J].Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sic.,1998,35(2):113-121.
[4]Wu C Q,Hao H,Ma G W,et al.Dynamic Response Analysisof Rock Mass with Stochastic Properties Subjected to Explo-sive Loads[J].FRAGBLAST-International Journal for Blas-ting and Fragmentation,1999,3(2):137-153.
[5]Cichowicz A,Milev A M,Durrheim R J.Rock Mass Behaviourunder Seismic Loading in A Deep Mine Environment:Implica-tions for Stop Support[J].Journal of the South African Insti-tute of Mining and Metallurgy,2000,100(2):121-128.
[6]左宇军,唐春安,朱万成,等.动载荷作用下岩石破坏过程的数值试验研究[J].岩土力学,2008,29(4):887-892.ZUO Yu-jun,TANG Chun-an,ZHU Wan-cheng,et al.Nu-merical Test on Failure Process of Rock Subjected to DynamicLoading[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(4):887-892.
[7]李夕兵,周子龙,叶州元,等.岩石动静组合加载力学特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(7):1387-1395.LI Xi-bing,ZHOU Zi-long,YE Zhou-yuan,et al.Study ofRock Mechanical Characteristics under Coupled Static and Dy-namic Loads[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engi-neering,2008,27(7):1387-1395.
[8]张海波,王媛,王鲁明,等.裂隙岩体动力特性的试验模拟研究[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2007,35(3):309-311.ZHANG Hai-bo,WANG Yuan,WANG Lu-ming,et al.Ex-perimental Research on Dynamic Characteristics of FracturedRock Mass[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sci-ences),2007,35(3):309-311.
[9]Li Z Z,Lin G X,Xu J H,et al.Experimental and TheoreticalStudy of Static-dynamic Mixed Mode Brittle Fracture of Rock[J].Journal of Central South University of Technology(Eng-lish Edition),1998,5(2):120-123.
[10]倪振强,孔纪名,阿发友.地震作用下非贯通节理岩体斜坡破坏的物理模型试验研究[J].西北地震学报,2012,34(3):209-214.NI Zhen-qiang,KONG Ji-ming,A Fa-you,et al.PhysicalModel test of Rocky Slope Failure Containing IntermittentJoints under Earthquake Action[J].Northwestern Seismolog-ical Journal,2011,34(1):209-214.
[11]曹安业,范军,牟宗龙,等.矿震动载对围岩的冲击破坏效应[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(12):2006-2010.CAO An-ye,FAN Jun,MOU Zong-long,et al.Burst FailureEffect of Mining-induced Tremor on Roadway SurroundingRock[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(12):2006-2010.
[12]朱万成,唐春安,黄志平,等.静态和动态载荷作用下岩石劈裂破坏模式的数值模拟[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,24(1):1-7.ZHU Wan-cheng,TANG Chun-an,HUANG Zhi-ping,et al.Numerical Simulation on Splitting Failure Mode of Rock un-der Static and Dynamic Loadings[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2006,24(1):1-7.
[13]冯文凯,黄澜秋,许强.强震波效应与山体斜坡震裂机理深入分析[J].西北地震学报,2011,33(1):20-25.FENG Wen-kai,HUANG Run-qiu,XU Qiang.In-depth A-nalysis of the Seismic Wave Effect and Slope Shattered Mech-anism[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2011,33(1):20-25.
[14]Itasca Consulting Group Inc.FLAC2Dusers manual dynamicanalysis1～27[R].Minneapolis:Itasca Consulting GroupInc.,2008.
[15]王来贵,赵娜,李天斌.强震诱发单一弱面斜坡塌滑有限元模拟[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(增刊1):3163-3167.WANG Lai-gui,ZHAO Na,LI Tian-bin.Finite Element Sim-ulation of Collapse and Sliding of Slope with Single WeakPlane Induced by Strong Earthquake[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(Supp.1):3163-3167.
[16]赵德安,陈志敏,蔡小林,等.中国地应力场分布规律统计分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(6):1266-1272.ZHAO De-an,CHEN Zhi-ming,CAI Xiao-lin,et al.TheStatistical Analysis to the Distribution of the Geo-stress inthe Continental Area of China[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2007,26(6):1266-1272.
[17]张倬元,王士天,王兰生.工程地质分析原理[M].北京:地质出版社,1993.ZHANG Zhuo-yuan,WANG Shi-tian,WANG Lan-sheng.Analysis Principles of Engineering Geological[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing,1993.
[18]左宇军,唐春安,朱万成,等.深部岩巷在动力扰动下的破坏机理分析[J].煤炭学报,2006,31(6):742-746.ZUO Yu-jun,TANG Chun-an,ZHU Wan-cheng,et al.Mechanism Analysis on Failure of Deep Rock Laneway underDynamic Disturbance[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2006,31(6):742-746.
[19]许强,黄润秋,王来贵.外界扰动诱发地质灾害的机理分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(2):280-284.XU Qiang,HUANG Run-qiu,WANG Lai-gui.MechanismAnalysis on Geological Hazards Triggered by External Dis-turbance[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engi-neering,2002,21(2):280-284.
[20]王勇智,戚炜,门玉明,等.强震区岩体动力破坏机制研究[J].岩土力学,2005,26(11):1841-1844.WANG Yong-zhi,QI Wei,MEN Yu-ming,et al.Experi-mental Research of Dynamic Failure Mechanism of Rickmassin Meizoseismal Area[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(11):1841-1844.
[21]黄侃,程国明.露天矿高边坡钻孔采矿法的参数研究[J].煤炭学报,2004,29(2):164-166.Huang Kan,CHENG Guo-ming.Study on the Parameters ofHighwall Auger Mining in Open Pit Mine[J].Journal of Chi-na Coal Society,2004,29(2):164-166.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心