地面微地震监测致密砂岩储层水力裂缝
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摘要
当前对水力压裂增产进行监测的地面微地震监测技术已经被国内的油气工业广泛接受.微地震数据可用来评价压裂增产效果,预测储层应力状态以及引导水平井的钻进.在大庆油田一致密砂岩储层水力压裂过程中,利用在地表浅埋的26个三分量数字检波器组成的稀疏检波器排列观测系统采集了微地震信号,并且利用微破裂向量扫描数据处理技术成功地对水力压裂裂缝进行了成像.通过对压裂过程中破裂能量的时间及空间分布的分析,获得了水力裂缝延伸的动态过程.最后,通过对三维地震资料和微地震监测结果的综合分析,解释了水力裂缝分布与天然断层或裂缝分布之间的关系,明确了天然断层或裂缝对水力裂缝的控制作用.
Surface based microseismic monitoring of well stimulation by hydraulic fracture now has been accepted by domestic oil and gas industry.Microseismic data can be used to evaluate the stimulation result,predict reservoir stress state and guide the drilling of horizontal laterals,etc.During the hydraulic fracturing of one tight sand reservoir in Daqing Oil Field,China,we have used a sparse distribution of 26 surface buried 3-component digital geophones to acquire the microseismic data and successfully mapped the hydraulic fractures using vector scanning technique for micro-fractures.Through analysis of the spatial and temporal distribution of fracture energy,the hydraulic fracture process is understood.Finally,through the comprehensive analysis by integrating the 3 Dseismic data and the microseismic monitoring result,the relation between the distribution of the hydraulic fractures and the distribution of the natural faults or fractures is interpreted and the control effect on the hydraulic fractures by the natural faults or fractures is ascertained.
Surface based microseismic monitoring of well stimulation by hydraulic fracture now has been accepted by domestic oil and gas industry.Microseismic data can be used to evaluate the stimulation result,predict reservoir stress state and guide the drilling of horizontal laterals,etc.During the hydraulic fracturing of one tight sand reservoir in Daqing Oil Field,China,we have used a sparse distribution of 26 surface buried 3-component digital geophones to acquire the microseismic data and successfully mapped the hydraulic fractures using vector scanning technique for micro-fractures.Through analysis of the spatial and temporal distribution of fracture energy,the hydraulic fracture process is understood.Finally,through the comprehensive analysis by integrating the 3 Dseismic data and the microseismic monitoring result,the relation between the distribution of the hydraulic fractures and the distribution of the natural faults or fractures is interpreted and the control effect on the hydraulic fractures by the natural faults or fractures is ascertained.
引文
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Yang R Z,Zhao Z G,Peng W J,et al.2013.Integrated applicationof 3Dseismic and microseismic data in the development of tightgas reservoirs[J].Applied Geophysics(in Chinese),10(2):157-169.
Yin C,Liu H,Li Y L,et al.2013.The precision analysis of themicroseismic location[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),28(2):800-807.
沈琛,梁北援,李宗田.2009.微破裂向量扫描技术原理[J].石油学报,30(5):744-748.
杨瑞召,赵争光,彭维军,等.2013.三维地震属性及微地震数据在致密砂岩气藏开发中的综合应用[J].应用地球物理,10(2):157-169.
尹陈,刘鸿,李亚林,等.2013.微地震监测定位精度分析[J].地球物理学进展,28(2):800-807.
Chambers K,Kendall J M,Brandsberg-Dahl S,et al.2009.Thedetectability of microseismic events using surface arrays[C].EAGE Passive Seismic Workshop-Exploration and MonitoringApplications.
Duncan P,Lakings J.2006.Microseismic monitoring with a surfacearray[C].Passive Seismic:Exploration and MonitoringApplications,A29.
Duncan P,Lakings J.2006.Frontier exploration using passiveseismic[C].Passive Seismic:Exploration and MonitoringApplications,A22.
Duncan P M,Lakings J D,Flores R A.2008.Method for passiveseismic emission tomography[P].U.S.Patent ApplicationPublication,US 20080068928A1.
Duncan P M,Eisner L.2010.Reservoir characterization usingsurface microseismic monitoring[J].Geophysics,75(5):75A139-75A146.
Hanssen P,Bussat S.2008.Pitfalls in the analysis of low frequencypassive seismic data[J].First Break,26(6):111-119.
Kiselevitch V L,Nikolaev A V,Troitskiy P A,et al.1991.Emission tomography:Main ideas,results,and prospects[C].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1602-1602.
Lakings J D,Duncan P M,Neale C,et al.2006.Surface basedmicroseismic monitoring of a hydraulic fracture well stimulationin the Barnett Shale[C].//76th Annual International Meeting,SEG2006,Expanded Abstracts,605-608.
Maxwell S,Cho D,Norton M.2011.Integration of surface seismicand microseismic,Part 2:Understanding hydraulic fracturevariability through geomechanical integration[J].CSEGRecorder,36(2):27-30.
Norton M,Cho D,Maxwell S,et al.2011.Integration of surfaceseismic and microseismic for the characterization of a shale gasreservoir[J].CSEG Recorder,36(1):31-33.
Ringrose P,Atbi M,Mason D,et al.2009.Plume developmentaround well KB-502at the In Salah CO2storage site[J].FirstBreak,27(1):85-89.
Shen C,Liang B Y,and Li Z T.2009.Principle of vector scanningtechnique for micro-fractures[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica(inChinese),30(5):744-748.
Sheriff R E.1991.Encyclopedic dictionary of exploration geophysics(3rd ed)[M].US:SEG,264.
Vaidya V.2009.Low frequency seismic-A new tool for explorationand development[J].Drilling&Exploration World,19(2):33-37.
Yang R Z,Zhao Z G,Peng W J,et al.2013.Integrated applicationof 3Dseismic and microseismic data in the development of tightgas reservoirs[J].Applied Geophysics(in Chinese),10(2):157-169.
Yin C,Liu H,Li Y L,et al.2013.The precision analysis of themicroseismic location[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),28(2):800-807.
沈琛,梁北援,李宗田.2009.微破裂向量扫描技术原理[J].石油学报,30(5):744-748.
杨瑞召,赵争光,彭维军,等.2013.三维地震属性及微地震数据在致密砂岩气藏开发中的综合应用[J].应用地球物理,10(2):157-169.
尹陈,刘鸿,李亚林,等.2013.微地震监测定位精度分析[J].地球物理学进展,28(2):800-807.
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