循环往复加载的地下结构Pushover分析方法及其在地震损伤分析中的应用
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摘要
考虑到地震作用下地下结构往往受到双向往复荷载作用,本文提出了循环往复加载的地下结构Pushover分析方法。介绍了该方法的实施步骤、基本功能与特点。该方法考虑了地震作用下地下结构双向受力的特点,利用多点位移控制的推覆分析算法进行地震作用下正向加载—卸载—反向再加载的全过程分析。该方法将一次循环加载过程近似看作一次地震作用过程,提出了基于循环往复加载Pushover分析的损伤模型,避免了对土—结构整体模型进行复杂的动力相互作用分析;通过一次循环往复加载的Pushover分析,根据结构构件刚度的改变对结构损伤进行有效评估。结合实际工程进行算例分析初步验证了循环往复加载Pushover分析及地震损伤模型的有效性。
Although response history analysis is the most rigorous procedure to compute seismic demand,pushover analysis is more common in practice with its advantage of conceptual simplicity and computational attractiveness.A pushover analysis procedure with monotonically increasing effective earthquake forces following an invariant depth-wise distribution is introduced in the paper.Considering the reversal directions of seismic load,which is not included in the traditional pushover analysis with monotonically increasing forces in one direction,a cyclic reversal loading pattern is proposed in this paper.With the algorithm based on multiple point constraints,the implementation procedure,basic functions and special features of pushover analysis with cyclic reversal loading are introduced in detail.In the proposed procedure,the analysis model is imposed with the effective earthquake forces in the positive direction and unloaded when the target displacement is reached.Then the model is imposed with the reversed forces and unloaded when the opposite target displacement is reached.With the proposed procedure,we can estimate the structural capacity during earthquake more reasonably by considering the double direction stress of the underground structures.Subsequently,a damage model based on the pushover analysis with the cyclic reversal loading pattern is proposed by approximately viewing one cycle of reversal load as an earthquake event.With the proposed model,the complicated analysis of dynamic soil-structure system can be avoid and the damage assessment of underground structures can be conducted with the structural stiffness before and after one reversal load pushover analysis.Finally,the validity of the reversal load pushover analysis procedure and seismic damage analysis model are verified by the case study of the Chongwenmen subway station in Beijing.The research in this paper shows that the proposed pushover analysis procedure with cyclic reversal loading pattern can be effectively applied to seismic analysis and damage assessment of underground structures.
Although response history analysis is the most rigorous procedure to compute seismic demand,pushover analysis is more common in practice with its advantage of conceptual simplicity and computational attractiveness.A pushover analysis procedure with monotonically increasing effective earthquake forces following an invariant depth-wise distribution is introduced in the paper.Considering the reversal directions of seismic load,which is not included in the traditional pushover analysis with monotonically increasing forces in one direction,a cyclic reversal loading pattern is proposed in this paper.With the algorithm based on multiple point constraints,the implementation procedure,basic functions and special features of pushover analysis with cyclic reversal loading are introduced in detail.In the proposed procedure,the analysis model is imposed with the effective earthquake forces in the positive direction and unloaded when the target displacement is reached.Then the model is imposed with the reversed forces and unloaded when the opposite target displacement is reached.With the proposed procedure,we can estimate the structural capacity during earthquake more reasonably by considering the double direction stress of the underground structures.Subsequently,a damage model based on the pushover analysis with the cyclic reversal loading pattern is proposed by approximately viewing one cycle of reversal load as an earthquake event.With the proposed model,the complicated analysis of dynamic soil-structure system can be avoid and the damage assessment of underground structures can be conducted with the structural stiffness before and after one reversal load pushover analysis.Finally,the validity of the reversal load pushover analysis procedure and seismic damage analysis model are verified by the case study of the Chongwenmen subway station in Beijing.The research in this paper shows that the proposed pushover analysis procedure with cyclic reversal loading pattern can be effectively applied to seismic analysis and damage assessment of underground structures.
引文
[1]汪梦甫,周锡元.高层建筑结构抗震弹塑性分析方法及抗震性能评估的研究[J].土木工程学报,2003,36(11):44-49.WANG Meng-fu,ZHOU Xi-yuan.Modified Pushover Analy-sis and Seismic Performance Evaluation for Tall Building[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2003,20(4):45-49.
[2]尹华伟,汪梦甫,周锡元.结构静力弹塑性分析方法的研究和改进[J].工程力学,2003,20(4):45-49.YIN Hua-wei,WANG Meng-fu,ZHOU Xi-yuan.Studies andImprovements on Structural Static Pushover Analysis Method[J]Engineering Mechanics,2003,20(4):45-49.
[3]杨志勇,何若全.高层钢结构弹塑性抗震分析静动力综合法[J].建筑结构学报,2003,24(3):25-32.YANG Zhi-yong,HE Ruo-quan.Inelastic Static-dynamic A-nalysis Method of High-rise Steel Structure under EarthquakeAction[J]Journal of Building Structures,2003,24(3):25-32.
[4]Elnashai A S.Advanced inelastic static(pushover)analysisfor earthquake applications[J].Structural Engineering andMechanics,2001,12(1):51-69.
[5]Chung-Che Chou,Chia-Ming Uang.A procedure for evalua-ting seismic energy demand of framed structures[J].Earth-quake Engineering&Structural Dynamics,2003,32(2):229-244.
[6]刘晶波,刘祥庆,李彬.地下结构抗震分析与设计的Pushover分析方法[J].土木工程学报,2008,41(4):73-80.LIU Jing-bo,LIU Xiang-qing,LI Bin.A Pushover AnalysisMethod for Seismic Analysis and Design of UndergroundStructures[J].China Civil Engineering Journal 2008,41(4):73-80.
[7]李彬.地铁地下结构抗震理论分析与应用研究[D].北京:清华大学,2005.LI Bin.Theoretical Analysis of Seismic Response of Under-ground Subway Structures and Its Application[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,2005.
[8]叶献国,种迅,李康宁,等.Pushover方法与循环往复加载分析的研究[J].合肥工业大学学报,2001,24(6):1019-1024.YE Xian-guo,ZHONG Xun,LI Kang-ning,et al.Study ofPushover Analysis Procedure and Reversal Load Pattern[J].Journal of Hefei University of Technology,2001,24(6):1019-1024.
[9]侯爱波,汪梦甫.循环往复加载的pushover分析方法及其应用[J].湖南大学学报,2003,30(3):145-152.HOU Ai-bo,WANG Meng-fu.Analysis Method and Applica-tion of Pushover Loading in Circles[J].Journal of Hunan Uni-versity,2003,30(3):145-152.
[10]王振宇,刘晶波.建筑结构地震损伤评估的研究进展[J].世界地震工程,2001,17(3):43-48.WANG Zhen-yu,LIU Jing-bo.The Advances of Studies onSeismic Damage Assessment of Building Structures[J].World Information on Earthquake Engineering,2001,17(3):43-48.
[11]李彬,刘晶波,刘祥庆.地铁车站的强地震反应分析及设计地震动参数研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2008,28(1):10-15.LI Bin,LIU Jing-bo,LIU Xiang-qing.Study on Seismic Re-sponses of a Subway Station and Design Parameters ofGround Motions[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering andEngineering Vibration,2008,28(1):10-15.
[12]黄羽立,陆新征,叶列平,等.基于多点位移控制的推覆分析算法[J].工程力学,2011,28(2):18-23.HUANG Yu-li,LU Xin-zheng,YE Lie-ping,et al.A Push-over Analysis Algorithm Based on Multiple Point Consitraints[J].Engineering Mechanics,2011,28(2):18-23.
[13]潘龙,孙利民,范立础.基于推倒分析的桥梁地震损伤评估模型与方法[J].同济大学学报,2001,29(1):11-14.PAN Long,SUN Li-min,FAN Li-chu.Seismic Damage As-sessment Model and Method Based on Pushover Analysis forBridge[J].Journal of Tongji University,2001,29(1):11-14.
[14]Ghobarah A,Abou-elfath H,Ashraf B.Response-baseddamage assessment of structures[J].Earthquake Engineer-ing&Struetural Dynamics,1999,28:79-104.
[15]陆新征,缪志伟,江见鲸,等.静力和动力荷载作用下混凝土高层结构的倒塌模拟[J].山西地震,2006,(2):7-11.LU Xin-zheng,LIU Zhi-wei,JIANG Jian-jing,et al.Col-lapse Simulation of High-Rise Structure of Concrete underthe Action of Static and Dynamic Load[J].Earthquake Re-search in Shanxi,2006,(2):7-11.
[16]刘祥庆.地铁地下结构地震反应分析方法与试验研究[D].北京:清华大学,2008.LIU Xiang-qing.Analytical Approach and Test Research onSeismic Response of Underground Structure[D].Beijing:Ts-inghua University,2008.
[2]尹华伟,汪梦甫,周锡元.结构静力弹塑性分析方法的研究和改进[J].工程力学,2003,20(4):45-49.YIN Hua-wei,WANG Meng-fu,ZHOU Xi-yuan.Studies andImprovements on Structural Static Pushover Analysis Method[J]Engineering Mechanics,2003,20(4):45-49.
[3]杨志勇,何若全.高层钢结构弹塑性抗震分析静动力综合法[J].建筑结构学报,2003,24(3):25-32.YANG Zhi-yong,HE Ruo-quan.Inelastic Static-dynamic A-nalysis Method of High-rise Steel Structure under EarthquakeAction[J]Journal of Building Structures,2003,24(3):25-32.
[4]Elnashai A S.Advanced inelastic static(pushover)analysisfor earthquake applications[J].Structural Engineering andMechanics,2001,12(1):51-69.
[5]Chung-Che Chou,Chia-Ming Uang.A procedure for evalua-ting seismic energy demand of framed structures[J].Earth-quake Engineering&Structural Dynamics,2003,32(2):229-244.
[6]刘晶波,刘祥庆,李彬.地下结构抗震分析与设计的Pushover分析方法[J].土木工程学报,2008,41(4):73-80.LIU Jing-bo,LIU Xiang-qing,LI Bin.A Pushover AnalysisMethod for Seismic Analysis and Design of UndergroundStructures[J].China Civil Engineering Journal 2008,41(4):73-80.
[7]李彬.地铁地下结构抗震理论分析与应用研究[D].北京:清华大学,2005.LI Bin.Theoretical Analysis of Seismic Response of Under-ground Subway Structures and Its Application[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,2005.
[8]叶献国,种迅,李康宁,等.Pushover方法与循环往复加载分析的研究[J].合肥工业大学学报,2001,24(6):1019-1024.YE Xian-guo,ZHONG Xun,LI Kang-ning,et al.Study ofPushover Analysis Procedure and Reversal Load Pattern[J].Journal of Hefei University of Technology,2001,24(6):1019-1024.
[9]侯爱波,汪梦甫.循环往复加载的pushover分析方法及其应用[J].湖南大学学报,2003,30(3):145-152.HOU Ai-bo,WANG Meng-fu.Analysis Method and Applica-tion of Pushover Loading in Circles[J].Journal of Hunan Uni-versity,2003,30(3):145-152.
[10]王振宇,刘晶波.建筑结构地震损伤评估的研究进展[J].世界地震工程,2001,17(3):43-48.WANG Zhen-yu,LIU Jing-bo.The Advances of Studies onSeismic Damage Assessment of Building Structures[J].World Information on Earthquake Engineering,2001,17(3):43-48.
[11]李彬,刘晶波,刘祥庆.地铁车站的强地震反应分析及设计地震动参数研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2008,28(1):10-15.LI Bin,LIU Jing-bo,LIU Xiang-qing.Study on Seismic Re-sponses of a Subway Station and Design Parameters ofGround Motions[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering andEngineering Vibration,2008,28(1):10-15.
[12]黄羽立,陆新征,叶列平,等.基于多点位移控制的推覆分析算法[J].工程力学,2011,28(2):18-23.HUANG Yu-li,LU Xin-zheng,YE Lie-ping,et al.A Push-over Analysis Algorithm Based on Multiple Point Consitraints[J].Engineering Mechanics,2011,28(2):18-23.
[13]潘龙,孙利民,范立础.基于推倒分析的桥梁地震损伤评估模型与方法[J].同济大学学报,2001,29(1):11-14.PAN Long,SUN Li-min,FAN Li-chu.Seismic Damage As-sessment Model and Method Based on Pushover Analysis forBridge[J].Journal of Tongji University,2001,29(1):11-14.
[14]Ghobarah A,Abou-elfath H,Ashraf B.Response-baseddamage assessment of structures[J].Earthquake Engineer-ing&Struetural Dynamics,1999,28:79-104.
[15]陆新征,缪志伟,江见鲸,等.静力和动力荷载作用下混凝土高层结构的倒塌模拟[J].山西地震,2006,(2):7-11.LU Xin-zheng,LIU Zhi-wei,JIANG Jian-jing,et al.Col-lapse Simulation of High-Rise Structure of Concrete underthe Action of Static and Dynamic Load[J].Earthquake Re-search in Shanxi,2006,(2):7-11.
[16]刘祥庆.地铁地下结构地震反应分析方法与试验研究[D].北京:清华大学,2008.LIU Xiang-qing.Analytical Approach and Test Research onSeismic Response of Underground Structure[D].Beijing:Ts-inghua University,2008.
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