汶川大地震中德阳市水库土坝的震害特征
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摘要
汶川特大地震给四川省德阳市水库土坝造成了不同程度的震损。依据德阳市境内66座高危以上险情水库土坝震害考察资料和现场震害调查结果,对震损水库土坝进行了分类统计,研究其震害特征及震损原因,结果表明:小型水库均质土坝在此次地震中震损数量最多、险情严重,且震害类型丰富;典型震害包括裂缝、滑坡、沉陷、渗漏以及泄水建筑物与其它附属设施损坏。以德阳市3座典型震损水库土坝为例,分析了水库土坝的基本情况、震前运行状况及震损情况,进而提出了有效的震后抢险措施。
The Wenchuan great earthquake has resulted in different degree damage to reservoir earth-rock dams in Deyang City of Sichuan Province.Based on the seismic damage investigation data and filed survey on 66high-risk damaged reservoirs in Deyang City,the seismic damage features and causes are discussed through classified statistics on the damaged dams.It is found that small earth dams and homogeneous earth-rock dams are apt to be damaged and suffered the most serious damage during the earthquake.The seismic damage types of the dams are diversified including the crack,the landslide,the subsidence,the leakage as well as the damage to discharge structures and other subsidiary facilities.Taking three reservoirs earth dams in Deyang City as examples,the project general conditions,pre-earthquake running situation and seismic damage phenomena of damaged dams are analyzed in order to propose the effective emergency measures after earthquake.
The Wenchuan great earthquake has resulted in different degree damage to reservoir earth-rock dams in Deyang City of Sichuan Province.Based on the seismic damage investigation data and filed survey on 66high-risk damaged reservoirs in Deyang City,the seismic damage features and causes are discussed through classified statistics on the damaged dams.It is found that small earth dams and homogeneous earth-rock dams are apt to be damaged and suffered the most serious damage during the earthquake.The seismic damage types of the dams are diversified including the crack,the landslide,the subsidence,the leakage as well as the damage to discharge structures and other subsidiary facilities.Taking three reservoirs earth dams in Deyang City as examples,the project general conditions,pre-earthquake running situation and seismic damage phenomena of damaged dams are analyzed in order to propose the effective emergency measures after earthquake.
引文
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[3]陈国兴,景立平,周新贵,等.汶川8.0级地震绵阳市游仙区水库震害调查与分析[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2009,29(3):347-355.Chen G X,Jing L P,Zhou X G,et al.Investigation and analysis of earthquake-induced damage to reservoirs in Youxian County of Mianyang City during Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2009,29(3):347-355.
[4]景立平,陈国兴,李永强,等.汶川地震中江油市水坝震害调查与分析[J].世界地震工程,2009,25(2):1-10.Jing L P,Chen G X,Li Y Q,et al.Investigation and analysis of earthquake-induced damage to earth dams of reservoirs in Jiangyou City during Wenchuan Earthquake[J].World Information on Earthquake Engineering,2009,25(2):1-10.
[5]朱亚林,孔宪京,邹德高,等.高土石坝地震反应和破坏机理分析[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(9):1362-1367.Zhu Y L,Kong X J,Zou D G,et al.Dynamic response and failure mechanism of high earth-rockfill dams[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2010,32(9):1362-1367.
[6]Jing L P,Liang H A,Li Y Q,et al.Characteristics and factors that influenced damage to dams in the Ms8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2011,10(3):349-358.
[7]叶亚三,陈国兴,王志华.汶川大地震中土坝破坏程度与坝体几何形状的关系分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2012,32(1):146-153.Ye Y S,Chen G X,Wang Zh H.Relationships between damage extent and geometry of reservoir′s earth dams in Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2012,32(1):146-153.
[8]叶亚三,陈国兴,王志华.汶川大地震中罗江县水库土坝震害调查与分析[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2011,31(6):717-724.Ye Y S,Chen G X,Wang Zh H.Investigation and analysis of earthquake-induced damage to earth dams of reservoirs in Luojiang County during Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2011,31(6):717-724.
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