砖石古塔震害程度与地震烈度的对应关系研究
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摘要
依据四川省汶川地震中损伤的砖石古塔统计资料,结合现场考证和资料分析,探讨了古塔震害程度与地震烈度的对应关系。研究表明,砖石古塔因结构高大、材料老化,对地震作用较为敏感;在地震烈度Ⅵ度区域,52%以上的古塔出现局部损坏,在地震烈度Ⅸ度及以上区域,75%以上的古塔完全毁坏;按照中国现行抗震设防标准,在设防烈度Ⅵ度至Ⅸ度的范围内建立砖石古塔震害程度与地震烈度的表述关系是合适的。论文针对古塔的结构特征、地震损伤状况以及文物修复的要求,提出了古塔震害的分级定义,确定了砖石古塔震害程度与地震烈度对应的参考指标。
This study discusses the corresponding relation between seismic intensity and damage degree of ancient masonry pagodas based on the statistic data from damaged pagodas in Sichuan Province during Wenchuan earthquake.Combining data analysis with field survey,the study indicates that:(1) Masonry pagodas are hypersensitive to seismic action because of the material aging and tall structure of the pagodas.(2) More than 52 percent of pagodas are damaged at local break degree in the area witn seismic intensity Ⅵ,and more than 75 percent of pagodas are destroyed in the area with seismic intensity equal to or over Ⅸ.(3) It is appropriate to establish the relation between the seismic intensity and damage degree of pagodas within the range of seismic intensity Ⅵ to Ⅸ according to the seismic fortification criterion of China.A definition of seismic damage classification that reflects the structural characters,damage conditions and repair requirement of the pagodas is proposed,and the referential criterion of damage degree of pagodas corresponding to seismic intensity is suggested.
This study discusses the corresponding relation between seismic intensity and damage degree of ancient masonry pagodas based on the statistic data from damaged pagodas in Sichuan Province during Wenchuan earthquake.Combining data analysis with field survey,the study indicates that:(1) Masonry pagodas are hypersensitive to seismic action because of the material aging and tall structure of the pagodas.(2) More than 52 percent of pagodas are damaged at local break degree in the area witn seismic intensity Ⅵ,and more than 75 percent of pagodas are destroyed in the area with seismic intensity equal to or over Ⅸ.(3) It is appropriate to establish the relation between the seismic intensity and damage degree of pagodas within the range of seismic intensity Ⅵ to Ⅸ according to the seismic fortification criterion of China.A definition of seismic damage classification that reflects the structural characters,damage conditions and repair requirement of the pagodas is proposed,and the referential criterion of damage degree of pagodas corresponding to seismic intensity is suggested.
引文
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[2]李德虎,魏涟.砖石古塔的历史震害与抗震机制[J],建筑科学,1990(1):13-18.LI Dehu,WEI Lian,Study on seismic properties of Chinese ancient masonry pagodas[J].Building Science,1990(1):13-18.(in Chinese)
[3]四川省文物管理局,四川省文物受损情况选介[J].文史杂志,2008(4):24-35.Cultural Relic Bureau of Sichuan Province.Brief introduction on damaged cultural relics in Sichuan province[J].Journal of literature and history,2008(4):24-35.(in Chinese)
[4]袁建力.砖石古塔的震害特征与抗震鉴定方法[A].汶川地震建筑震害调查与灾后重建分析报告[C].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008:396-403.YUAN Jianli.Seismic damage characters and appraisal method of ancient masonry pagodas[A].Investigation on seismic damage of buildings inWenchuan earthquake[C].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2008:396-403.(in Chinese)
[5]胡聿贤.地震工程学[M].北京:地震出版社,1988.HU Yuxian.Earthquake Engineering[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,1988.(in Chinese)
[6]谢毓寿.新的中国地震烈度表[J].地球物理学报,1957,6(1):35-47.XIE Yushou.New seismic intensity scale of China[J].Chinese J.Geophysics,1957,6(1):35-47.(in Chinese)
[7]GB/T17742-2008中国地震烈度表[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.GB/T 17742-2008 The Chinese Seismic Intensity Scale[S],Beijing:Standards Press of China,2009.(in Chinese)
[8]中国地震局编绘.汶川8.0级地震烈度分布图[M].中国地震信息网,2008.Seismic intensity distribution of the Ms 8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake[M].Earthquake information web of China,Aug.2008(in Chinese)
[9]中国地震局汶川地震现场指挥部.汶川8.0级地震图集[M].北京:地震出版社,2009.Locale headquarters of China earthquake bureau in Wenchuan Earthquake,“Pictures on the Ms 8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake”[M],Beijing:Earthquake Press,2009.(in Chinese)
[10]GB50011-2010.建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2011.GB50011-2010 Code for seismic design of buildings[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2011.(in Chinese)
[11]GB50165-92古建筑木结构维护与加固技术规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1992.GB50011-2010,“Technical Code for maintenance and strengthening of ancient timber buildings”[S].Beijing:China Architecture&BuildingPress,1992.(in Chinese)
[12]罗哲文.关于建立有中国特色的文物建筑保护维修与合理利用理论与实践科学体系的意见[J],古建园林技术,2006,(1):5-13.LUO Zhewen,On the scientific system of theory and practices of conservation and utilization of historical architectures with Chinese characteristics,Traditional Chinese Architecture and Gardens,Jan.2006(1):5-13.(in Chinese)
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