考虑耦合地震作用的底层柔性结构体系振动控制
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摘要
为了减小底层柔性结构的地震反应,防止结构因底层位移过大而倒塌,提出了一种底层柔性结构减震控制体系,在柔性底层安装磁流变阻尼器对其实施半主动控制。考虑到竖向地震的不利影响,建立了结构在双向耦合地震作用下的动力分析模型和振动控制方程,采用LQR控制算法对结构进行地震反应分析。研究表明,在无控情况下,结构的位移主要集中在底部柔性层;实施半主动控制后,结构的底层位移、顶层位移、各层加速度和倾覆力矩均明显减小,其中底层位移减小60%以上。在耦合地震作用下结构的地震反应比单纯水平地震作用下有所增加,以倾覆力矩的增加最明显,因此在高烈度地区应该考虑竖向地震对结构的影响。层间刚度比对结构的控制效果也会产生较大的影响,结构层间刚度比的确定应该在底层位移、顶层加速度和倾覆力矩之间权衡考虑。考虑土与结构相互作用会使结构的控制效果降低。
In order to reduce the earthquake response and prevent collapse with oversize bottom displacement of soft-first story structure,this paper proposed a seismic control system for a soft-first story structure. The structure adopted a semi-active control method with magnetorheological dampers in the soft-first story. Considering the adverse influences of vertical earthquake,this paper established the dynamic model and vibration-control equations of structure under bi-directional coupling earthquake action. The LQR control algorithm was used for the earthquake response analysis of the structure. The analysis results indicated that,the displacement response of the structure concentrates mainly on the flexible bottom layer in the uncontrolled case. For the semi-active control case,the displacements of bottom and top layer,acceleration and overturning moment at each layer are reduced significantly.In particular,the displacement of the bottom layer was reduced by 60% and more. Compared with horizontal earthquake,the seismic responses increased in the case of coupling earthquake. The increase of overturning moment is the most obvious. Therefore,the influence of vertical seismic motion should be considered in high seismic intensity region. The layer stiffness ratio can affect the control effect of the structure more greatly and it should be determined considering the displacement of the bottom,the top acceleration and the overturning moment.The SSI effect can reduce the control effect of structure.
In order to reduce the earthquake response and prevent collapse with oversize bottom displacement of soft-first story structure,this paper proposed a seismic control system for a soft-first story structure. The structure adopted a semi-active control method with magnetorheological dampers in the soft-first story. Considering the adverse influences of vertical earthquake,this paper established the dynamic model and vibration-control equations of structure under bi-directional coupling earthquake action. The LQR control algorithm was used for the earthquake response analysis of the structure. The analysis results indicated that,the displacement response of the structure concentrates mainly on the flexible bottom layer in the uncontrolled case. For the semi-active control case,the displacements of bottom and top layer,acceleration and overturning moment at each layer are reduced significantly.In particular,the displacement of the bottom layer was reduced by 60% and more. Compared with horizontal earthquake,the seismic responses increased in the case of coupling earthquake. The increase of overturning moment is the most obvious. Therefore,the influence of vertical seismic motion should be considered in high seismic intensity region. The layer stiffness ratio can affect the control effect of the structure more greatly and it should be determined considering the displacement of the bottom,the top acceleration and the overturning moment.The SSI effect can reduce the control effect of structure.
引文
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[3]邹立华,孙琪,方雷庆,等.柔性桩隔震消能体系的振动控制研究[J].振动与冲击,2010,29(11):147-153.ZOU Lihua,SUN Qi,FANG Leiqing,et al.Vibration control of a flexible pile base-isolated structure[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2010,29(11):147-153.(in Chinese)
[4]郭庆子,马华.带纤维混凝土耗能器底层柔性结构的抗震研究[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2012,34(5):20-26.GUO Qingzi,MA Hua.Seismic research on soft-first story structure with fiber concrete damper[J].Earthquake Resistant Engineering and Retrofitting,2012,34(5):20-26.(in Chinese)
[5]张延年,李宏男.耦合地震作用下的MRD与LRB混合控制结构动力分析[J].工程力学,2008,25(4):26-31.ZHANG Yannian,LI Hongnan.Seismic Response of hybrid vibration control structure with MRD and LRB under coupling earthquake[J].Engineering Mechanics,2008,25(4):26-31.(in Chinese)
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[8]Zou L H,Ma X,Butterworth J.Vibration-reduction for multi-adjacent-building system.International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics,2010,10(1):95-112.
[9]Ok S Y,Song J,Park K S.Optimal design of hysteretic dampers connecting adjacent structures using multiobjective genetic algorithm and stochastic linearization method[J].Engineering Structures,2008,30(5):1240-1249.
[10]黄昆,邹立华,艾叶青.基于磁流变阻尼器的层间隔震结构半主动控制研究[J].世界地震工程,2006,22(3):142-147.HUANG Kun,ZOU Lihua,AI Yeqing.Study of story isolated structures with magnetorheological dampers by semi-active control[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2006,22(3):142-147.(in Chinese)
[11]于旭,宰金珉,王志华.土-基础相互作用对铅芯橡胶支座隔震结构的影响[J].自然灾害学报,2009,18(3):146-152.YU Xu,ZAI Jinming,WANG Zhihua.Effect of soil-structure interaction on lead core rubber bearing isolations structure[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2009,18(3):146-152.(in Chinese)
[12]邹立华,赵人达.土-基础相互作用隔震体系地震随机响应分析[J].计算力学学报,2005,22(2):252-256.ZOU Lihua,ZHAO Renda.Analysis of the random responses to earthguake of the subsoil-base-interaction isolated system[J].Chinese Journal of Computational Mechanics,2005,22(2):252-256.(in Chinese)
[2]刘季,李慧.液压质量控制系统控制底层柔性结构地震反应的实验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,1994,14(3):55-60.LIU Ji,LI Hui.Experiment study of earthquake response of the soft first storey structure with hydraulic mass control system[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,1994,14(3):55-60.(in Chinese)
[3]邹立华,孙琪,方雷庆,等.柔性桩隔震消能体系的振动控制研究[J].振动与冲击,2010,29(11):147-153.ZOU Lihua,SUN Qi,FANG Leiqing,et al.Vibration control of a flexible pile base-isolated structure[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2010,29(11):147-153.(in Chinese)
[4]郭庆子,马华.带纤维混凝土耗能器底层柔性结构的抗震研究[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2012,34(5):20-26.GUO Qingzi,MA Hua.Seismic research on soft-first story structure with fiber concrete damper[J].Earthquake Resistant Engineering and Retrofitting,2012,34(5):20-26.(in Chinese)
[5]张延年,李宏男.耦合地震作用下的MRD与LRB混合控制结构动力分析[J].工程力学,2008,25(4):26-31.ZHANG Yannian,LI Hongnan.Seismic Response of hybrid vibration control structure with MRD and LRB under coupling earthquake[J].Engineering Mechanics,2008,25(4):26-31.(in Chinese)
[6]Philips R W.Engineering Applications of Fluids with Variable Yield Stress[Dissertation][D].University of California,Berkeley,CA,USA,1969:124-127.
[7]欧进萍.结构振动控制[M].北京:科学出版社,2003:441-447.OU Jingping,Vibration Control of Structures[M].Beijing:Scientific Press,2003:441-447.(in Chinese)
[8]Zou L H,Ma X,Butterworth J.Vibration-reduction for multi-adjacent-building system.International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics,2010,10(1):95-112.
[9]Ok S Y,Song J,Park K S.Optimal design of hysteretic dampers connecting adjacent structures using multiobjective genetic algorithm and stochastic linearization method[J].Engineering Structures,2008,30(5):1240-1249.
[10]黄昆,邹立华,艾叶青.基于磁流变阻尼器的层间隔震结构半主动控制研究[J].世界地震工程,2006,22(3):142-147.HUANG Kun,ZOU Lihua,AI Yeqing.Study of story isolated structures with magnetorheological dampers by semi-active control[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2006,22(3):142-147.(in Chinese)
[11]于旭,宰金珉,王志华.土-基础相互作用对铅芯橡胶支座隔震结构的影响[J].自然灾害学报,2009,18(3):146-152.YU Xu,ZAI Jinming,WANG Zhihua.Effect of soil-structure interaction on lead core rubber bearing isolations structure[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2009,18(3):146-152.(in Chinese)
[12]邹立华,赵人达.土-基础相互作用隔震体系地震随机响应分析[J].计算力学学报,2005,22(2):252-256.ZOU Lihua,ZHAO Renda.Analysis of the random responses to earthguake of the subsoil-base-interaction isolated system[J].Chinese Journal of Computational Mechanics,2005,22(2):252-256.(in Chinese)
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