汶川Ms8.0级地震断层同震位移特征对断裂构造分析的启示
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摘要
断裂构造是地壳浅层次最重要的构造现象,也是构造地质学研究的主要领域之一。以稳态区域构造应力作用下的岩石变形破坏过程为基础的断裂构造分析理论和方法,受到强地震过程中断裂构造复杂同震变形的挑战。汶川Ms8.0级地震过程中断层同震变形的几何学、运动学特征及其空间变化,为检验断裂构造的几何学、运动学分析的相关理论和方法提供一个现实的范例。本文通过对汶川Ms8.0级地震断层同震位移的方式、规模和空间变化特征分析,提出沿断层走向的位移方式和位移规模的空间变化是区域构造应力和地震动力复合作用的结果。汶川地震过程中地震断层的位移方式和位移规模的空间变化以及同一构造部位的断层摩擦镜面中却出现了不同运动学指向的擦痕线理等特殊的构造现象,对历史断裂构造变形分析中所遵循的某些原则提出了挑战,需要重新审视和研究。
Fractural structures are the most important tectonic phenomenon in the shallow crust level,which is one of the main research fields in structural geology.The theories and methods of fracture analysis,established on deformation and failure process of rocks under steady-state regional tectonic stress,have been challenged by the complex co-seismic deformation of seismic faults in strong earthquake process.The geometry,kinematics and its spatial changes of the co-seismic displacement of earthquake faults in Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake provide the opportunities to check the relative theories and methods for the fracture geometry and kinematics analysis.This paper analyses the characteristics of the co-seismic displacement ways,size and spatial variations of earthquake faults in Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake.It is proposed that the characteristics of the co-seismic displacement ways,size and spatial variations of earthquake faults in Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake could be interpreted as the result of the integrated action of the regional tectonic stress and earthquake dynamics stress.The characteristics of fault co-seismic displacement and its spatial variation,and different direction scratch slickensides occurred on the same fault friction mirror make us confused up how to employ the traditional theories and methods of fault analysis.It is really further investigated for the fault kinemetic historical analysis methods.
Fractural structures are the most important tectonic phenomenon in the shallow crust level,which is one of the main research fields in structural geology.The theories and methods of fracture analysis,established on deformation and failure process of rocks under steady-state regional tectonic stress,have been challenged by the complex co-seismic deformation of seismic faults in strong earthquake process.The geometry,kinematics and its spatial changes of the co-seismic displacement of earthquake faults in Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake provide the opportunities to check the relative theories and methods for the fracture geometry and kinematics analysis.This paper analyses the characteristics of the co-seismic displacement ways,size and spatial variations of earthquake faults in Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake.It is proposed that the characteristics of the co-seismic displacement ways,size and spatial variations of earthquake faults in Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake could be interpreted as the result of the integrated action of the regional tectonic stress and earthquake dynamics stress.The characteristics of fault co-seismic displacement and its spatial variation,and different direction scratch slickensides occurred on the same fault friction mirror make us confused up how to employ the traditional theories and methods of fault analysis.It is really further investigated for the fault kinemetic historical analysis methods.
引文
[1]邓起东,陈社发,赵小麟.龙门山及其邻区的构造和地震活动及动力学[J].地震地质,1994,16(4):389-403.
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[5]张培震,徐锡伟,闻学泽,等.2008年汶川Ms 8.0级地震发震断裂的滑动速率、复发周期和构造成因[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(4):1066-1073.
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[7]王绪本,朱迎堂,赵锡克,等.青藏高原东缘龙门山逆冲构造深部电性结构特征[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(2):564-571.
[8]Li QS,Gao R,Wang H Y,Zhang J S,Lu Z W,Li P W,GuanY,and He R Z.Deep background of Wenchuan earthquakeand the Upper crust structure beneath the Longmen Shanand adjacent Area[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2009,83(4):733-739.
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[11]徐锡伟,闫学泽,叶建青,等.汶川Ms8.0地震地表破裂带及其发震构造[J].地震地质,2008,30(3):597-629.
[12]吴珍汉,张作辰.四川汶川Ms8.0级地震的地表变形与同震位移[J].地质通报,2008,27(12):2067-2075.
[13]殷跃平.汶川8级地震地质灾害研究[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(4):433-444.
[14]吴珍汉,张作辰.汶川8级地震地质灾害的类型及实例[J].地质学报,2008,82(12):1747-1757.
[15]王运生,罗永红,吉峰,等.汶川大地震山地灾害发育的控制因素分析[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):759-763.
[16]赵伯明,徐锡伟.汶川Ms8.0级地震断层与地质灾害初步分析[J].地震地质,2008,30(4):839-854.
[17]李渝生,黄润秋.中国汶川特大地震损毁城镇恢复重建选址的工程地质评价[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):743-773.
[18]李海兵,付小方,van der Woerd,等,汶川地震(Ms 8.0)地表破裂及其同震右旋斜向逆冲作用[J].地质学报,2008,82(12):1623-1643.
[19]刘静,张智慧,文力,等.汶川8级大地震同震破裂的特殊性及构造意义[J].地质学报,2008,82(12):1707-1722.
[20]王萍,付碧宏,张斌,等.汶川8.0级地震地表破裂带与岩性关系[J].地球物理学报,2009,25(1:)131-139.
[21]马保起,张世民,田勤俭,等.汶川8.0级地震地表破裂带[J].第四纪研究,2008,28(5):789-795.
[22]Wu Z H,Dong S W,Barosh P J,Zhang Z C and Liao H J.Dextral-slip thrust faulting and seismic events of the Ms 8.0Wenchuan earthquake,Longmenshan Mountains,easternmargin of the Tibetan plateau[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2009,83(4):685-693.
[23]Xu X W,Yu G H,Chen G H,Ran Y K,Li C X,Chen Y G,Chang C P.Paremeters of coseismic reverse-andoblique-slip surface ruptures of the 2008 Wenchuan earth-quake,eastern Tibetan plateau[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2009,83(4):673-684.
[24]吴建平,黄媛,张中天,明跃红,等.汶川Ms8.0级地震余震分布及周边区域P波三维速度结构研究[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(2):320-328.
[25]陈祖安,林邦慧,白武明,等.2008年汶川8.0级地震孕震机理研究[J].地球物理学报,20095,2(2):408-417.
[26]王卫民,赵连锋,李娟,等.四川汶川8.0级地震震源过程[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(5):1403-1410.
[27]赵翠萍,陈章立,周连庆,等.汶川Mw8.0级地震震源破裂过程研究:分段特征[J].科学通报,2009,54:3475-3482.
[28]傅承义.地球物理学基础[M].北京:科学出版社,1985.
[29]朱志澄.构造地质学.武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1999.
[30]Ramsay J G,Huber M I(徐树桐译,郑亚东校).现代构造地质学方法第二卷褶皱和断裂[M].北京:地质出版社,1991.
[31]许志琴,李海兵,吴忠良.汶川地震和科学钻探[J].地质学报,2008,82(12):1612-1622.
[32]许志琴,李廷栋,杨经绥,嵇少丞,王宗起,张泽明.2008.大陆动力学的过去、现在和将来——理论与应用[J].岩石学报,2008,24(7):1433-1444.
[33]韩文峰等.黄河黑山峡河段开发重大工程地质问题研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[34]Zhang Y Q,Dong S W,Yang N.Active faulting pattern,present-day tectonic stress field and block kinematics inthe east Tibetan plateau[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2009,83(4):694-712.
[2]李勇,周荣军,Densmore A L,等.青藏高原东缘大陆动力学过程与地质响应[M].北京:地质出版社,2006.
[3]朱介寿.汶川地震的岩石圈深部结构与动力学背景[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2008,35(4):348-356.
[4]滕吉文,白登海,杨辉,等.2008汶川Ms8.0地震发生的深层过程和动力学响应[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(5):1385-1402.
[5]张培震,徐锡伟,闻学泽,等.2008年汶川Ms 8.0级地震发震断裂的滑动速率、复发周期和构造成因[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(4):1066-1073.
[6]朱迎堂,王绪本,余年,等,龙门山大地电磁结构及汶川地震(Ms8.0[)J].地质学报2,008,82(12):1769-1777.
[7]王绪本,朱迎堂,赵锡克,等.青藏高原东缘龙门山逆冲构造深部电性结构特征[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(2):564-571.
[8]Li QS,Gao R,Wang H Y,Zhang J S,Lu Z W,Li P W,GuanY,and He R Z.Deep background of Wenchuan earthquakeand the Upper crust structure beneath the Longmen Shanand adjacent Area[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2009,83(4):733-739.
[9]陈运泰,许力生,张勇,等.2008年5月12日汶川特大地震震源特性分析报告[R].2008.http://www.csi.ac.cn/sich-uan/chenyuntai.pdf.(2008-05-25).
[10]董树文,张岳桥,龙长兴,等.四川汶川Ms8.0地震地表破裂构造初步调查与发震背景分析[J].地球学报,2008,29(3):392~316.
[11]徐锡伟,闫学泽,叶建青,等.汶川Ms8.0地震地表破裂带及其发震构造[J].地震地质,2008,30(3):597-629.
[12]吴珍汉,张作辰.四川汶川Ms8.0级地震的地表变形与同震位移[J].地质通报,2008,27(12):2067-2075.
[13]殷跃平.汶川8级地震地质灾害研究[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(4):433-444.
[14]吴珍汉,张作辰.汶川8级地震地质灾害的类型及实例[J].地质学报,2008,82(12):1747-1757.
[15]王运生,罗永红,吉峰,等.汶川大地震山地灾害发育的控制因素分析[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):759-763.
[16]赵伯明,徐锡伟.汶川Ms8.0级地震断层与地质灾害初步分析[J].地震地质,2008,30(4):839-854.
[17]李渝生,黄润秋.中国汶川特大地震损毁城镇恢复重建选址的工程地质评价[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):743-773.
[18]李海兵,付小方,van der Woerd,等,汶川地震(Ms 8.0)地表破裂及其同震右旋斜向逆冲作用[J].地质学报,2008,82(12):1623-1643.
[19]刘静,张智慧,文力,等.汶川8级大地震同震破裂的特殊性及构造意义[J].地质学报,2008,82(12):1707-1722.
[20]王萍,付碧宏,张斌,等.汶川8.0级地震地表破裂带与岩性关系[J].地球物理学报,2009,25(1:)131-139.
[21]马保起,张世民,田勤俭,等.汶川8.0级地震地表破裂带[J].第四纪研究,2008,28(5):789-795.
[22]Wu Z H,Dong S W,Barosh P J,Zhang Z C and Liao H J.Dextral-slip thrust faulting and seismic events of the Ms 8.0Wenchuan earthquake,Longmenshan Mountains,easternmargin of the Tibetan plateau[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2009,83(4):685-693.
[23]Xu X W,Yu G H,Chen G H,Ran Y K,Li C X,Chen Y G,Chang C P.Paremeters of coseismic reverse-andoblique-slip surface ruptures of the 2008 Wenchuan earth-quake,eastern Tibetan plateau[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2009,83(4):673-684.
[24]吴建平,黄媛,张中天,明跃红,等.汶川Ms8.0级地震余震分布及周边区域P波三维速度结构研究[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(2):320-328.
[25]陈祖安,林邦慧,白武明,等.2008年汶川8.0级地震孕震机理研究[J].地球物理学报,20095,2(2):408-417.
[26]王卫民,赵连锋,李娟,等.四川汶川8.0级地震震源过程[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(5):1403-1410.
[27]赵翠萍,陈章立,周连庆,等.汶川Mw8.0级地震震源破裂过程研究:分段特征[J].科学通报,2009,54:3475-3482.
[28]傅承义.地球物理学基础[M].北京:科学出版社,1985.
[29]朱志澄.构造地质学.武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1999.
[30]Ramsay J G,Huber M I(徐树桐译,郑亚东校).现代构造地质学方法第二卷褶皱和断裂[M].北京:地质出版社,1991.
[31]许志琴,李海兵,吴忠良.汶川地震和科学钻探[J].地质学报,2008,82(12):1612-1622.
[32]许志琴,李廷栋,杨经绥,嵇少丞,王宗起,张泽明.2008.大陆动力学的过去、现在和将来——理论与应用[J].岩石学报,2008,24(7):1433-1444.
[33]韩文峰等.黄河黑山峡河段开发重大工程地质问题研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[34]Zhang Y Q,Dong S W,Yang N.Active faulting pattern,present-day tectonic stress field and block kinematics inthe east Tibetan plateau[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2009,83(4):694-712.
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