鄂尔多斯盆地华池—庆阳地区上三叠统延长组长6油层组古地震变形构造及砂体叠置关系
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摘要
鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组长6油层组是盆地内中生界最重要的含油层段之一。长6油层组以储集砂体发育、成因类型多样为特征。其中,位于湖盆中部的华池—庆阳地区在长6油层组沉积演化过程中广泛发育了一套与古地震事件有关的液化变形构造砂体。该地区长6油层组砂体中所发育的液化变形构造类型主要包括:负荷及砂球构造、振动液化卷曲变形构造、沙侵蘑菇、液化岩脉、液化摆动构造等。地震事件与重力滑塌所形成的变形构造的区别主要表现在:变形构造的优势方位、是否存在滑动面和是否存在均一化层。与古地震事件有关的液化变形构造砂体和其他成因类型砂体的叠置,主要包括两种类型:一为地震事件成因砂体与正常沉积作用所形成的砂体(三角洲前缘砂体)的叠置;二为地震事件成因砂体与由地震作用导致的三角洲前缘滑塌再搬运而形成的浊积砂体的叠置。最后,建立了不同沉积作用所形成砂体的成因模式。
The Chang 6 interval of the Upper Triassic Yangchang Formation in the Ordos Basin is one of the most important interval of the Mesozoic section.The Chang 6 interval are characterized by the development of reservoir sandbodies and multiple genetic types.During the sedimentary evolution of the Chang 6 interval of Yanchang Formation in Huachi-Qingyang area of the Ordos Basin,liquefaction deformation structures related with palaeoearthquake are developed extensively.The authors,based on many previous research results,by detailed description and observation of drilling cores of Chang 6 interval in the research area,studied the characteristics of liquefaction deformation structures systematicly.The structures mainly include:Load and sand ball structure,vibrational liquefaction curl deformation structure,sand invasion mushroom,liquefaction dike,such as liquefied swing structure.The difference of deformation structures formed by seismic events and gravity slumping are distinguished,mainly as:The advantage deformation direction of deformation structures,the existence of the sliding surface and the existence of uniform layer.Based on the above analyses,the vertical relationship between the delta front sandbody formed by normal deposition or slump turbidite sandbody and seismite sandbody are also studied which include two types:The overlay between seismic events sandbody and the normal deposition sandbody(delta front sandbody);the seismic events sandbody and slump turbidite sandbody formed from delta front.At the end,the origin models are established.
The Chang 6 interval of the Upper Triassic Yangchang Formation in the Ordos Basin is one of the most important interval of the Mesozoic section.The Chang 6 interval are characterized by the development of reservoir sandbodies and multiple genetic types.During the sedimentary evolution of the Chang 6 interval of Yanchang Formation in Huachi-Qingyang area of the Ordos Basin,liquefaction deformation structures related with palaeoearthquake are developed extensively.The authors,based on many previous research results,by detailed description and observation of drilling cores of Chang 6 interval in the research area,studied the characteristics of liquefaction deformation structures systematicly.The structures mainly include:Load and sand ball structure,vibrational liquefaction curl deformation structure,sand invasion mushroom,liquefaction dike,such as liquefied swing structure.The difference of deformation structures formed by seismic events and gravity slumping are distinguished,mainly as:The advantage deformation direction of deformation structures,the existence of the sliding surface and the existence of uniform layer.Based on the above analyses,the vertical relationship between the delta front sandbody formed by normal deposition or slump turbidite sandbody and seismite sandbody are also studied which include two types:The overlay between seismic events sandbody and the normal deposition sandbody(delta front sandbody);the seismic events sandbody and slump turbidite sandbody formed from delta front.At the end,the origin models are established.
引文
杜远生,张传恒,韩欣.1999.滇西地区中元古代大龙口组震积岩的新发现[J].沉积学报,24(增):28-97.
杜远生,张传恒,韩欣.2001.滇西中元古代昆阳群的地震事件沉积及其地质意义[J].中国科学(D),31(4):284-290.
乔秀夫,高林志.2007.燕辽裂陷槽中元古代古地震与古地理[J].古地理学报,9(4):337-352.
乔秀夫,李海兵.2008.枕、球—枕构造:地层中古地震记录[J].地质论评,54(6):721-730.
乔秀夫,李海兵.2009.沉积物的地震及古地震效应[J].古地理学报,11(6):593-610.
乔秀夫,宋天锐,高林志,等.1994.碳酸盐岩振动液化地震序列[J].地质学报,68(1):16-31.
乔秀夫,宋天锐,高林志,等.2006.地层中地震记录(古地震)[M].北京:地质出版社,1-263.
乔秀夫,李海兵,王思恩,等.2008.新疆境内塔拉斯—费尔干纳断裂早侏罗世走滑的古地震证据[J].地质学报,82(6):721-730.
邵晓岩,田景春,张锦泉,等.2009.鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组长4+5油层组中的古地震记录[J].古地理学报,11(2):177-186.
王昌勇,郑荣才,高振中.2008.准噶尔盆地下侏罗统八道湾组震积岩的发现及其研究意义[J].地质论评,54(6):821-826.
魏垂高,张世奇,姜在兴,等.2006.东营凹陷现河地区沙三段震积岩特征及其意义[J].沉积学报,24(6):798-805.
魏垂高,张世奇,姜在兴,等.2007.塔里木盆地志留系震积岩特征及意义[J].地质学报,81(6):827-833.
夏青松,田景春,黄昌武.2007.鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组震积岩识别标志研究[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),34(3):312-317.
袁静.2004.山东惠民凹陷古近纪震积岩特征及其地质意义[J].沉积学报,22(1):41-46.
袁静.2005.中国震积作用和震积岩研究进展[J].石油大学学报(自然科版),29(1):144-149.
袁静,陈鑫,田洪水.2006.济阳坳陷古近纪软沉积物变形层中的环状层理及成因[J].沉积学报,24(5):672-680.
杨剑萍,王辉,陈世悦,等.2004.济阳坳陷古近系震积岩特征[J].沉积学报,22(2):281-287.
张传恒,刘典波,张传林,等.2006.新疆博格达地区早二叠世软沉积物变形构造——弧后碰撞前陆盆地地震记录[J].地学前缘,13(4):255-266.
张传恒,武振杰,高林志,等.2007.华北中元古界雾迷山组地震驱动的软沉积物变形构造及其地质意义[J].中国科学(D),27(3):336-342.
张琴,朱筱敏,张军,等.2003.酒西盆地青南凹陷柳沟庄—密窿山地区下白垩统震积岩的发现及意义[J].地质学报,77(2):158-162.
张宪依,王炳山,李云仲,等.2006.鲁西枣庄—临沂地区新元古界震积岩的主要特征[J].地质科学,41(3):489-493.
周志广,梁定益,刘文灿,等.2006.藏南晚白垩世宗卓组巨型混杂堆积的特征及其地裂—地震成因论证[J].地质论评,52(3):314-320.
Du Yuansheng,Xu Yajun,Yang Jianghai.2009.Soft-sediment deformationstructure of the Eastern North Qilian Mts and its tectonic significance[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,82(6):1185-1193.
Fortuin A R,Dabrio C J.2008.Evidence for Late Messinian seismites,Ni-jar Basin,south-east Spain[J].Sedimentology,55:1595-1622.
Guiraud M,Plaziat J C.1993.Seismites in the fluviatile bima sandstone:Identification of paleoseismis and discussion of their magnitudes in aCretaceous synsedimentary strike-slip basin(Upper Benue,Nigeria)[J].Tectonophysics,225(4):493-522.
Kuenen P.1958.Experiments in geology[J].Transactions of the Geolog-ical Society of Glasgow,23:1-28.
Montenat C,Barrier P,Estevou P O,et al.2007.Seismites:An attemptat critical analysis and classification[J].Sedimentary Geology,196:5-30.
Moretti M,Sabato L.2007.Recognition of trigger mechanisms for soft-sed-iment deformation in the Pleistocene lacustrine deposits of the Sant-Arcangelo Basin(Southern Italy):Seismic shocks vs.overloading[J].Sedimentary Geology,196(Ⅲ-Ⅳ):31-46.
Moretti M,Pieri P,Tropeano M.2002.Late Pleistocene soft-sediment de-formation structure interpreted as seismites in paralic deposits in thecity of Bari(Apulian forland southern Italy)[C].In:Ettensohn FR,RastN,Brett C E(eds).Ancient Seismites.Geological Society ofAmerica,Special paper,359:75-85.
Owen G.1996.Experiment soft-sediment deformation:Structure formedby the liquefaction of unconsolidated sands and some ancient exam-ple[J].Sedimentology,43:279-393.
Plaziat J C,Purser B H,Philobbos E.1990.Seismic deformation struc-tures(seismites)in the syn-rift sediments of the NW Red Sea(E-gypt)[J].Bulletin Society Geology France,8(3):419-434.
Ralph N.2006.Soft-sediment deformation in a tectonically active area:The Plio-Pleistocene Zarzal Formation in the Cauca Valley(WseternColombia)[J].Sedimentary Geology,186:67-88.
Rodriguez-Pascua M A,Calvo J P,Vicente G D,et al.2000.Soft-sedi-ment deformation structure interpreted as seismites in lacustrine sedi-ments of the Prebetic Zone,SE Spain,and their potential use as indi-cators of earthquake magnitudes during the Late Miocene[J].Sedi-mentary Geology,135:117-135.
Rossetti D F,Goes A M.2000.Deciphering the sedimentological imprintof paleoseismic events:An example from the Aptian Codo Forma-tion,Northern Brazil[J].Sedimentary Geology,135:137-156.
Takahama N,Otsuka T,Brahmantyo B.2000.A new phenomenon inancient liquefaction the draw in process,its final stage[J].Sedimen-tary Geology,135:157-165.
Vincent L,Christian B,Emmanuel C.1998.Geometrical and texturalcharacteristics of earthquake-induced disturbances in Quaternary gla-cio-lacustrine sediments(‘Argiles du Trieves’,Alps,France)[J].Earth&Planetary Sciences,327:645-652.
杜远生,张传恒,韩欣.2001.滇西中元古代昆阳群的地震事件沉积及其地质意义[J].中国科学(D),31(4):284-290.
乔秀夫,高林志.2007.燕辽裂陷槽中元古代古地震与古地理[J].古地理学报,9(4):337-352.
乔秀夫,李海兵.2008.枕、球—枕构造:地层中古地震记录[J].地质论评,54(6):721-730.
乔秀夫,李海兵.2009.沉积物的地震及古地震效应[J].古地理学报,11(6):593-610.
乔秀夫,宋天锐,高林志,等.1994.碳酸盐岩振动液化地震序列[J].地质学报,68(1):16-31.
乔秀夫,宋天锐,高林志,等.2006.地层中地震记录(古地震)[M].北京:地质出版社,1-263.
乔秀夫,李海兵,王思恩,等.2008.新疆境内塔拉斯—费尔干纳断裂早侏罗世走滑的古地震证据[J].地质学报,82(6):721-730.
邵晓岩,田景春,张锦泉,等.2009.鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组长4+5油层组中的古地震记录[J].古地理学报,11(2):177-186.
王昌勇,郑荣才,高振中.2008.准噶尔盆地下侏罗统八道湾组震积岩的发现及其研究意义[J].地质论评,54(6):821-826.
魏垂高,张世奇,姜在兴,等.2006.东营凹陷现河地区沙三段震积岩特征及其意义[J].沉积学报,24(6):798-805.
魏垂高,张世奇,姜在兴,等.2007.塔里木盆地志留系震积岩特征及意义[J].地质学报,81(6):827-833.
夏青松,田景春,黄昌武.2007.鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组震积岩识别标志研究[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),34(3):312-317.
袁静.2004.山东惠民凹陷古近纪震积岩特征及其地质意义[J].沉积学报,22(1):41-46.
袁静.2005.中国震积作用和震积岩研究进展[J].石油大学学报(自然科版),29(1):144-149.
袁静,陈鑫,田洪水.2006.济阳坳陷古近纪软沉积物变形层中的环状层理及成因[J].沉积学报,24(5):672-680.
杨剑萍,王辉,陈世悦,等.2004.济阳坳陷古近系震积岩特征[J].沉积学报,22(2):281-287.
张传恒,刘典波,张传林,等.2006.新疆博格达地区早二叠世软沉积物变形构造——弧后碰撞前陆盆地地震记录[J].地学前缘,13(4):255-266.
张传恒,武振杰,高林志,等.2007.华北中元古界雾迷山组地震驱动的软沉积物变形构造及其地质意义[J].中国科学(D),27(3):336-342.
张琴,朱筱敏,张军,等.2003.酒西盆地青南凹陷柳沟庄—密窿山地区下白垩统震积岩的发现及意义[J].地质学报,77(2):158-162.
张宪依,王炳山,李云仲,等.2006.鲁西枣庄—临沂地区新元古界震积岩的主要特征[J].地质科学,41(3):489-493.
周志广,梁定益,刘文灿,等.2006.藏南晚白垩世宗卓组巨型混杂堆积的特征及其地裂—地震成因论证[J].地质论评,52(3):314-320.
Du Yuansheng,Xu Yajun,Yang Jianghai.2009.Soft-sediment deformationstructure of the Eastern North Qilian Mts and its tectonic significance[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,82(6):1185-1193.
Fortuin A R,Dabrio C J.2008.Evidence for Late Messinian seismites,Ni-jar Basin,south-east Spain[J].Sedimentology,55:1595-1622.
Guiraud M,Plaziat J C.1993.Seismites in the fluviatile bima sandstone:Identification of paleoseismis and discussion of their magnitudes in aCretaceous synsedimentary strike-slip basin(Upper Benue,Nigeria)[J].Tectonophysics,225(4):493-522.
Kuenen P.1958.Experiments in geology[J].Transactions of the Geolog-ical Society of Glasgow,23:1-28.
Montenat C,Barrier P,Estevou P O,et al.2007.Seismites:An attemptat critical analysis and classification[J].Sedimentary Geology,196:5-30.
Moretti M,Sabato L.2007.Recognition of trigger mechanisms for soft-sed-iment deformation in the Pleistocene lacustrine deposits of the Sant-Arcangelo Basin(Southern Italy):Seismic shocks vs.overloading[J].Sedimentary Geology,196(Ⅲ-Ⅳ):31-46.
Moretti M,Pieri P,Tropeano M.2002.Late Pleistocene soft-sediment de-formation structure interpreted as seismites in paralic deposits in thecity of Bari(Apulian forland southern Italy)[C].In:Ettensohn FR,RastN,Brett C E(eds).Ancient Seismites.Geological Society ofAmerica,Special paper,359:75-85.
Owen G.1996.Experiment soft-sediment deformation:Structure formedby the liquefaction of unconsolidated sands and some ancient exam-ple[J].Sedimentology,43:279-393.
Plaziat J C,Purser B H,Philobbos E.1990.Seismic deformation struc-tures(seismites)in the syn-rift sediments of the NW Red Sea(E-gypt)[J].Bulletin Society Geology France,8(3):419-434.
Ralph N.2006.Soft-sediment deformation in a tectonically active area:The Plio-Pleistocene Zarzal Formation in the Cauca Valley(WseternColombia)[J].Sedimentary Geology,186:67-88.
Rodriguez-Pascua M A,Calvo J P,Vicente G D,et al.2000.Soft-sedi-ment deformation structure interpreted as seismites in lacustrine sedi-ments of the Prebetic Zone,SE Spain,and their potential use as indi-cators of earthquake magnitudes during the Late Miocene[J].Sedi-mentary Geology,135:117-135.
Rossetti D F,Goes A M.2000.Deciphering the sedimentological imprintof paleoseismic events:An example from the Aptian Codo Forma-tion,Northern Brazil[J].Sedimentary Geology,135:137-156.
Takahama N,Otsuka T,Brahmantyo B.2000.A new phenomenon inancient liquefaction the draw in process,its final stage[J].Sedimen-tary Geology,135:157-165.
Vincent L,Christian B,Emmanuel C.1998.Geometrical and texturalcharacteristics of earthquake-induced disturbances in Quaternary gla-cio-lacustrine sediments(‘Argiles du Trieves’,Alps,France)[J].Earth&Planetary Sciences,327:645-652.
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