核能应用中核辐射与核安全的探讨
摘要
<正>核能以环保、节能、高效等优势被多个国家采用。全球人口膨胀、城市化效应和经济快速发展对电能的需求越来越大,特别是经济增长迅速的亚洲地区,核能被广泛地应用于核电站以提供电力。但目前全球的核反应堆仍没有完全安全的设计方案[1]。日本地震、海啸引发的福岛核电站事故引起了人们对核能安全使用的担忧[2]。现将核能应用、核辐射与核安全的现状综述如下。1核材料(医用放射性核素)应用1.1核材料核材料是指核工业及核科学研究中所专用的材料。包括核燃料及核工程材料(即非核燃料材料)。核燃料是指能产生裂变或聚变核反应并释放出巨大核能的物质。核燃
引文
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[3]陈竹舟,叶常青.如何应对核与辐射恐怖[M].北京:科学出版社,2006:59.
[4]北京大学医学部.核医学网络课程[DB/OL].(2008)[2010-03-19].http://www.med126.com/education/Nu-clear-Medicine/Web/Kechengneirong/1_2.ht m
[5]Jan Willem Storm van Leeuwen.Nuclear power-the ener-gy balance[EB/OL].(2008)[2011-03-21].http://www.stormsmith.nl/report20071013/partG.pdf.
[6]中华人民共和国国家原子能机构.什么是核设施[EB/OL].(2009-11-10)[2010-03-21].http://www.caea.gov.cn/n16/n1253/n1448/92310.ht ml.
[7]Francois Diaz Maurin.Fukushi ma:Consequences of Sys-temic Problems in Nuclear Plant Design[J].Econ PolitWkly,2011,46(13):10-12.
[8]Stephanie Cooke.In Mortal Hands:A Cautionary Historyof the Nuclear Age[M].New York:Bloomsbury USA,2009:280.
[9]中华人民共和国国家原子能机构.核废物与核污染[EB/OL].(2005-12-22)[2011-03-20].http://www.caea.gov.cn/n16/n1253/n1418/46684.ht ml.
[10]邓启民,李茂良,程作用,等.医用核素生产堆(MIPR)生产99 Mo的应用前景[J].核科学与工程,2006,26(2):3.
[11]匡安仁,李林.核医学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2008:9.
[12]Jason Clenfield.Japan Nuclear Disaster Caps Decades ofFaked Reports,Accidents[EB/OL].(2011-03-17)[2011-03-29].http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-03-17/japan-s-nuclear-disaster-caps-decades-of-faked-safety-reports-accidents.ht ml.
[13]Gusterson H.The lessons of Fukushi ma-Bulletin of theAtomic Scientists[EB/OL].(2011-04-18)[2011-04-29].http://www.thebulletin.org/web-edition/columnists/hugh-gusterson/the-lessons-of-fukushi ma.
[14]邵建章.核辐射对机体的损伤作用及其防护技术[J].消防技术与产品信息,2004(7):42-47.
[15]International Commission on Radiological Protection.Recom-mendations of the International Commission on RadiologicalProtection[M].New York:Pergamon Press,1971:1-25.
[16]International commission on radiological protection.Pro-tection against Ionizing Radiation from External SourcesUsedin Medicine[M].New York:Pergamon Press,1979:1-17.
[17]中华人民共和国卫生部.核与辐射事故医学应急问与答[EB/OL].(2011-03-17)[2011-04-30].http://www.moh.gov.cn/publicfiles//business/ht mlfiles/wsb/index
[18]陈绍亮.核医学[M].2版.北京:科学出版社,2009:20.
[19]International Atomic Energy Agency.Nuclear SecurityGuidelines[R].Vienna:IAEA,2011.
[20]International Atomic Energy Agency.No.SF-1 Fouda-mental Safety Principles[S].Vienna:IAEA,2007:2.
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