救援官兵心理健康状况及组织影响因素分析
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摘要
目的:探讨不同性质部队救援官兵心理健康状况及组织影响因素.方法:选取在5.12汶川地震中协同执行抗震救灾任务的某步兵和某航空兵共293名男性官兵,采用SCL-90问卷法和结构式访谈法,进行调查和分析.结果:两组官兵SCL-90问卷结果除躯体化因子分无显著性差异外,强迫、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性及SCL-90部分均有显著性差异.通过访谈发现,两个部队在社会支持、团队氛围、团队管理、信息分享方面的做法都有很大不同.结论:在非战争军事救援行动中,组织中良好的团队氛围、足够的社会支持、充分的信息分享、构建开放的和自由的表达各种心理感受的平台是减少官兵心理问题的有效手段.
AIM:To investigate the mental health and organizational factors of rescue soldiers in different forces.METHODS: Totally 293 infantry soldiers and air force soldiers who coordinated in the Wenchuan earthquake relief mission at 12th of May were evaluated by SCL-90 and instructive interview.RESULTS: In SCL-90,many factors,including Obsessive compulsive,International sensitivity,Depression,Anxiety,Hostility,Phobic anxiety,Paranoid ideation and Psychoticism,except for Somatization,had significant difference between the 2 groups.Through instructive interview,there were some obvious difference in social support,team atmosphere,team management,information sharing.CONCLUSION: With non-war military rescue operation,in the organization it was good team atmosphere,adequate social support,full information sharing,building an open and free expression psychological platform that would be effective means to improve mental health of soldiers.
AIM:To investigate the mental health and organizational factors of rescue soldiers in different forces.METHODS: Totally 293 infantry soldiers and air force soldiers who coordinated in the Wenchuan earthquake relief mission at 12th of May were evaluated by SCL-90 and instructive interview.RESULTS: In SCL-90,many factors,including Obsessive compulsive,International sensitivity,Depression,Anxiety,Hostility,Phobic anxiety,Paranoid ideation and Psychoticism,except for Somatization,had significant difference between the 2 groups.Through instructive interview,there were some obvious difference in social support,team atmosphere,team management,information sharing.CONCLUSION: With non-war military rescue operation,in the organization it was good team atmosphere,adequate social support,full information sharing,building an open and free expression psychological platform that would be effective means to improve mental health of soldiers.
引文
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[2]张明园.精神科评定量表手册[M].长沙:湖南科学技术出版社,1993:15-25.
[3]Yahav R,Cohen M.Symptoms of acute stress in Jewish and ArabIsiaeli citizens during the Second Lebanon War[J].Soc PsychiatryPsychiatr Epidemio,2007,42(10):834-835.
[4]苗丹民,王京生,刘立,等.军事心理学手册[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2004:405-450.
[5]Adams RE,Bromet EJ,Panina NG,et al.Stress and well-beingafter the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident[J].Psychol Med,2002,32(2):143-156.
[6]Norris FH,Friedman MJ,Watson PJ.60,000 disaster victimsspeak:Part II.Summary and implications of the disaster mentalhealth research[J].Psychiatry,2002,65(3):240-260.
[7]王焕林,孙剑,余海鹰.我国军人症状自评量表常模的建立及其常模分析[J].中华精神科杂志,1999,31(1):38-40.
[8]吴晓梅,吴宁,陈国梅,等.四川地震灾区抗震救灾官兵心理健康状况及影响因素研究[J].中国健康教育,2008,12(24):893-895.
[9]李春苗,申荷永.军队士气理论研究综述[J].中国健康心理学,2006,14(2):475-477.
[10]刘岩.学生自我效能、心理控制源与应激的关系[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2003,17(1):36-38.
[11]Boscarino JA,Adams RE.PTSD onset and course following the WorldTrade Center disaster:findings and implications for future research[J].Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol,2009,44(10):887-897.
[12]Phillips AC,Gallagher S,Carroll D.Social support,social Intima-cy,and cardiovascular reactions to acute psychological stress[J].Ann Behav Med,2009,37(1):38-45.
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