山西省公众应对灾害事件知识与技能现况调查
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摘要
目的了解山西省公众应对灾害事件的逃生及自救互救知识与技能现况,探索其影响因素。方法采用多阶段分层系统抽样方法,对山西省4个区县的城乡居民进行问卷调查,对公众应对灾害事件知识技能的影响因素进行分析。结果超过95%的被调查对象家里没有灭火器和逃生包,且没有与家人进行过逃生演练;地震、洪水、火灾等灾害事件的逃生与自救互救知识技能知晓率分别为30.2%、16.6%和29.1%,其中城市居民的知晓率高于农村居民(P<0.05或P<0.01);城乡、家庭人口数及是否知晓家庭应急准备四步骤是灾害事件逃生与自救互救知识技能知晓情况的影响因素。结论家庭应急准备在灾害事件应急中的重要作用被忽视,今后应加强对这方面的健康教育;灾害事件逃生与自救互救知识技能知晓率较低,有待大力推广普及。
Objective To understand the public awareness of knowledge and skills about how to escape and rescue each other in hazardous events in Shanxi Province and to explore their influencing factors.Methods Using multi-stage stratified systematic sampling,a questionnaire survey was conducted in four districts of Shanxi Province,and the influencing factors of knowledge and skills of public response to hazardous events were analyzed.Results Over 95% of the respondents had no fire extinguishers and escape bags in their houses and had not developed escape rehearsals with their families.The awareness rates of knowledge and skills about hazardous events as earthquake,flood and fire were 30.2%,16.6% and 29.1%,respectively,and the awareness rates of urban residents were higher than those of rural residents(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Urban or rural residences,household size and whether knowing four steps of family emergency preparedness or not,were the influencing factors of public knowledge and skills about escape and rescue in hazardous events.Conclusion Family emergency preparedness should play an important role in hazardous events emergency but had been ignored.Health education in family emergency preparedness should be reinforced.Knowledge and skills about hazardous events emergency should be popularized further especially in rural areas.
Objective To understand the public awareness of knowledge and skills about how to escape and rescue each other in hazardous events in Shanxi Province and to explore their influencing factors.Methods Using multi-stage stratified systematic sampling,a questionnaire survey was conducted in four districts of Shanxi Province,and the influencing factors of knowledge and skills of public response to hazardous events were analyzed.Results Over 95% of the respondents had no fire extinguishers and escape bags in their houses and had not developed escape rehearsals with their families.The awareness rates of knowledge and skills about hazardous events as earthquake,flood and fire were 30.2%,16.6% and 29.1%,respectively,and the awareness rates of urban residents were higher than those of rural residents(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Urban or rural residences,household size and whether knowing four steps of family emergency preparedness or not,were the influencing factors of public knowledge and skills about escape and rescue in hazardous events.Conclusion Family emergency preparedness should play an important role in hazardous events emergency but had been ignored.Health education in family emergency preparedness should be reinforced.Knowledge and skills about hazardous events emergency should be popularized further especially in rural areas.
引文
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[2]陈艳,程玉兰.国内外公众应对突发公共卫生事件逃生自救知识与技能概况[J].中国健康教育,2009,25(3):220-223.
[3]王丽芹,付春华,于梅,等.对震区居民地震相关及自救互救知识认知的调查[J].中华现代护理杂志,2008,14(29):3067-3068.
[4]董晓梅,陈雄飞,王声湧,等.大学生对突发灾害的认识及应变能力调查[J].中国公共卫生,2006,22(6):660-661.
[5]何心展,尹星星.宁波市公民防灾应急状况调查研究[J].灾害学,2007,22(4):113-116.
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