地震多属性预测技术在南黄海二叠系至三叠系沉积分析中的应用
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摘要
以往对南黄海盆地沉积相分析主要根据地震剖面的振幅、相位和频率进行地震相划分,再结合测井资料得到沉积相分布,而地震属性除了以上3种属性外,还包含着多种与沉积相有关的属性,以往对沉积相的分析未能充分利用这些地震属性信息。目前,南黄海盆地钻井资料较少,充分利用地震多属性信息对南黄海盆地三叠系下统青龙组—二叠系上统龙潭组、大隆组进行沉积相分析,进而预测有利储层。研究认为,对南黄海盆地岩性比较敏感的地震属性包括弧长、平均能量、能量半衰时、相关长度、平均信噪比和目的层厚度。其中弧长能够揭示砂泥的分布,平均能量能够反映当时水体能量或者沉积能量的高低,能量半衰时表征相带分布的连续性,相关长度和平均信噪比则反映了地层横向连续性和资料的品质,目的层厚度反映目的层残留的厚度。通过以上地震属性的分析,认为三叠系下统青龙组地层的台地相鲕粒灰岩为有利储集层;上二叠系龙潭组、大隆组的三角洲相为有利储集层,河流相为较有利储集层。
Sedimentary facies analysis in the South Yellow Sea Basin was made in this paper based on seismic amplitude,phase and frequency,plus logging data.The old procedure did not take the full advantage of seismic attributes,although seismic attributes contain a lot of information of sedimentary facies.There are little well data existing in the South Yellow Sea Basin up to date.Therefore,it becomes a necessity to make full use of seismic attributes information for facies analysis of the Lower Triassic Qinglong Formation and the Permian Longtan-Dalong Formations in the South Yellow Sea.Our results show that there occur some relatively sensitive seismic attributes including arc length,average energy,energy half time,correlation length,average SNR and thickness.The arc length is a proxy to indicate the distribution of sand and mud,the average energy reflect the water energy or sediment dynamics at the time of deposition,energy half time is related to the continuity of facie distribution,correlation length and average SNR indicate the lateral continuity and seismic quality,and the thickness reflects the residual thickness of the target layers.Based on the analysis,we concluded that the platform facies of oolitic limestone is the most optimum reservoir in the Lower Triassic Qinglong Formation.The deltaic facies is the most optimum reservoir in the upper Permian Longtan and Dalong Formations,and the fluvial facies is also favorable.
Sedimentary facies analysis in the South Yellow Sea Basin was made in this paper based on seismic amplitude,phase and frequency,plus logging data.The old procedure did not take the full advantage of seismic attributes,although seismic attributes contain a lot of information of sedimentary facies.There are little well data existing in the South Yellow Sea Basin up to date.Therefore,it becomes a necessity to make full use of seismic attributes information for facies analysis of the Lower Triassic Qinglong Formation and the Permian Longtan-Dalong Formations in the South Yellow Sea.Our results show that there occur some relatively sensitive seismic attributes including arc length,average energy,energy half time,correlation length,average SNR and thickness.The arc length is a proxy to indicate the distribution of sand and mud,the average energy reflect the water energy or sediment dynamics at the time of deposition,energy half time is related to the continuity of facie distribution,correlation length and average SNR indicate the lateral continuity and seismic quality,and the thickness reflects the residual thickness of the target layers.Based on the analysis,we concluded that the platform facies of oolitic limestone is the most optimum reservoir in the Lower Triassic Qinglong Formation.The deltaic facies is the most optimum reservoir in the upper Permian Longtan and Dalong Formations,and the fluvial facies is also favorable.
引文
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[2]张永刚.油气地球物理技术新进展[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004:224.[ZHANG Yonggang.The New Progress inHydrocarbon Geophysics Technology[M].Beijing:PetroleumIndustry Press,2004:224.]
[3]陈冬,王彦春,张小波,等.地震属性分析和应用[J].内蒙古石油化工,2008(2):105-108.[CHEN Dong,WANG Yanchun,ZHANG Xiaobo.The Analysis and Application of Seismic At-tributes[J].Inner Mongolia Petrochemical,2008(2):105-108.]
[4]陈遵德.储层地震属性优化方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1998:11-13.[CHEN Zunde.The Optimization Method of Res-ervoir Seismic Attribute[M].Beijing:Petroleum IndustryPress,1998:11-13.]
[5]黄胜兵,叶加仁,朱红涛,等.西湖凹陷平北地区平湖组基于地震多属性的储层预测[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2009(29):99-105.[HUANG Shengbing,YE Jiaren,ZHU Hongtao,etal.Prediction of Reservoirs in Pinghu Formation of PingbeiArea Based on Seismic Multi-attribute Analysis,Marine Geol-ogy and Quaternary Geology,2009(29):99-105.]
[6]曲希玉,刘立,陈建文,等.南黄海盆地北部坳陷白垩系沉积特征[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2005,35(4):443-448.[QU Xiyu,LIU Li,CHEN Jianwen,et al.Sedimentary char-acteristics for the Cretaceous strata in the northern depressionof the South Yellow Sea Basin[J].Jilin University(Earth Sci-ence Edition),2005,35(4):443-448.]
[7]赵月霞,刘保华,李西双,等.南黄海中西部晚更新世沉积地层结构及其意义[J].海洋科学进展,2003(1):21-30.[ZHAOYuexia,LIU Baohua,LI Xishuan,et al.Late Pleistocene sed-imentary stratigraphic structure and its implication in the cen-tral and western Areas of Southern Yellow Sea[J].Advancesin Marine Science,2003(1):21-30.]
[8]邢涛,张训华,张维冈.南黄海区域地质构造研究进展[J].海洋地质动态,2005,21(12):6-9.[XING Tao,ZHANG Xunhua,ZHANG Weigan.Progress in researches on regional geologicstructures in the South Yellow Sea[J].Marine Geology Let-ters,2005,21(12):6-9.]
[9]王连进,叶加仁,吴冲龙.南黄海盆地前第三系油气地质特征[J].天然气工业,2005(7):1-3.[WANG Lianjin,YE Jiaren,WU Chonglong.Petroleum geological characteristics of Pre-Tertiary in South Yellow Sea Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2005(7):1-3.]
[10]蔡乾忠.中国东部与朝鲜大地构造单元划分[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1995,15(1):7.[CAI QianZhong.Tectonics ineastern China and Korea unit[J].Marine Geology and Qua-ternary Geology,1995,15(1):7.]
[11]候方辉,张志珣,张训华,等.南黄海盆地地质演化及构造样式地震解释[J].海洋地质与第四纪地,2008,28(5):61-68.[HOU Fanghui,ZHANG Zhixun ZHANG Xunhua et al.South Yellow Sea Basin geological evolution and tectonic styleof seismic interpretation[J].Marine Geology and Quaterna-ry,2008,28(5):61-68.]
[12]王丰,李慧君,张银国.南黄海崂山隆起地层属性及油气地质[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2010,30(2):17-20.[WANGFeng,LI Huijun,ZHANG Yinguo.Laoshan South YellowSea and the uplift of strata property of petroleum geology[J].Marine Geology and Quaternary,2010,30(2):17-20.]
[13]马立桥,陈汉林,董庸,等.苏北-南黄海南部叠合盆地构造演化与海相油气勘探潜力[J].石油与天然气地质,2007(1):35-42.[MA Liqiao,CHEN Hanlin,DONG Yong,et al.Subei-southern South Yellow Sea Basin superimposed tectonic evo-lution and the potential of marine,oil and gas exploration[J].Oil and Gas Geology,2007(1):35-42.]
[14]陶瑞明.黄海南部勿南沙隆起上古生界和中下三叠统含油气远景探讨[J].天然气工业,1992(2):1-6.[TAO Ruiming.Wu-nansha uplift of the southern Yellow Sea,the Upper Paleozo-ic and Lower Triassic in the vision[J].Petroleum and NaturalGas Industry,1992(2):1-6.]
[15]蓝先洪.中国海域地层的研究[J].海洋地质动态,2005,21(4):1-4.[LAN Xianhong.Rough knowledge of strata in Chi-na sea areas[J].Marine Geology Letters,2005,21(4):1-4.]
[16]杨琦,陈红宇.苏北-南黄海盆地构造演化[J].石油实验地质,2003(S1).[YANG Qi,CHEN Hongyu.Tectonic evolu-tion of the north Jiansu-south Yellow Sea Basin[J].Petrole-um Geology,2003(S1).]
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