重大灾难救援人员心理应激状况的质性研究
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摘要
目的探讨重大灾难救援人员心理应激状况及其社会支持和应对方式的特点。方法在汶川5.12大地震爆发后65d左右对102名执行不同救援任务的人员进行半结构性访谈。结果救援人员在早期普遍出现了闯入性回忆、回避和恐惧症状,但多数在1～3周内消失。症状持续时间较长的是回避、抑郁情绪和睡眠质量差;救援人员社会支持主要来源于团体内部,包括战友和直接领导,较少来自家庭和亲属;救援人员所采取的应对方式较为单一,以说服和鼓励自己、回避为主。结论救援人员在救援早期普遍存在创伤后应激反应症状,症状多数在1～3周内消失,应对方式和社会支持与普通人群存在较大差异。
Objective Investigating of psychological stress,social support and coping style among rescue soldiers in may 12 Wenchuan earthquake.Methods One hundred and two soldiers in charge of various rescue tasks were semi-structured interviewed after 65 days of the earthquake.Results Most of the subjects appeared symptoms of intrusive thoughts,avoidance,and phobia in the early stage of involvement,most of the symptoms would disappeared after three weeks,and relative long lasting symptoms were avoidance,depressive emotions,and poor sleep quality.The main resources of support of rescue soldiers were from the team,include companions and direct leaders of the same team,and less support from family members and relatives.Coping styles concentrated as persuasion,encouragement,and avoidance.Conclusions Most of the subjects appeared symptoms of intrusive thoughts,avoidance,and phobia in the early stage of involvement,most of the symptoms would disappeared after three weeks,and rescues differed in coping styles compared with general populations.
Objective Investigating of psychological stress,social support and coping style among rescue soldiers in may 12 Wenchuan earthquake.Methods One hundred and two soldiers in charge of various rescue tasks were semi-structured interviewed after 65 days of the earthquake.Results Most of the subjects appeared symptoms of intrusive thoughts,avoidance,and phobia in the early stage of involvement,most of the symptoms would disappeared after three weeks,and relative long lasting symptoms were avoidance,depressive emotions,and poor sleep quality.The main resources of support of rescue soldiers were from the team,include companions and direct leaders of the same team,and less support from family members and relatives.Coping styles concentrated as persuasion,encouragement,and avoidance.Conclusions Most of the subjects appeared symptoms of intrusive thoughts,avoidance,and phobia in the early stage of involvement,most of the symptoms would disappeared after three weeks,and rescues differed in coping styles compared with general populations.
引文
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[2]Hsu C,Chong M,Yang P,et al.Posttraumatic stress disorder a-mong adolescent earthquake victims in Taiwan[J].J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry,2002,41:875-881.
[3]马煊,陈龙,裴华,等.应对方式、人格特征与应激水平的关系[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2004,12:48-50.
[4]Wagner AW,DZatzick DF,Ghesquiere A,et al.Behavioral acti-vation as an early intervention for posttraumatic stress disorder and depression among physically injured trauma survivors[J].Cognitive and Behavioral Practice,2007,14:341-349.
[5]陈彦方.CCMD-3相关精神障碍的治疗与护理[M].济南:山东科学技术出版社,2001.269.
[6]伊丽,武国城,万憬,等.抗震救灾官兵心理健康状况及相关因素分析[J].心理科学进展,2009,17:567-569.
[7]王志阳,汤月芬,施慎逊.创伤后应激障碍国内研究现状[J].上海精神医学,2006,18:372-374.
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