震后青少年创伤后应激障碍与社会支持、人格的关系
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摘要
采用问卷调查法对地震地区933名中学生进行调查,考察青少年创伤后应激障碍的状况,并探讨社会支持在人格与创伤后应激障碍之间的调节作用。结果表明:(1)震后六个月,约67.6%的青少年患有PTSD或部分PTSD。(2)大五人格特质中的神经质对事件影响量表总分以及唤醒、侵扰、逃避均有预测作用;宜人性对事件影响量表总分、侵扰、唤醒有预测作用。验证了社会支持在大五人格与逃避、人格与唤醒、人格与事件影响量表总分间调节效应显著的结论。
After an earthquake,adolescents lost their family members,teachers and schoolmates,and suffered from physical injuries and mental blows.Six months after the quake they got through the acute stress disorder and began a long period of post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD).Post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD),a mental disorder that occurs when one experienced some unusual event,will bring pain to almost all of the people obviously.Previous research shows that individual personality is a key internal factor of post-traumatic stress disorder,and many researchers reagard social support as a buffer mode.In view of this,this research took five personalities as independent variables and social support as moderating variables to further explore their relationship with adolescent post-traumatic stress disorder. The study's purpose was to investigate adolescent's PTSD six months after an earthquake,discuss the relationship among Social Support,Big five personality and PTSD,Depression,Anxiety,and explore social support' s moderating effect. The study selected 933 Sichuan middle school students as participants,and used IES-R,SSRS,NEO-FFI and depression,anxiety subscale of SCL-90 to investigate the adolescent's PTSD.The results show that(l) 6 months after the May.12 earthquake,about 67. 6%of the adolescents suffereded from PTSD or partial PTSD,the number of boys was greater than that of girls,the number of grade one was the biggest,PTSD and Non-PTSD had significant effects on the N,E,A,C and Social support's using.(2) The ratings of Depression and Anxiety were about 11.4%and 9%,the rating of Depression,Anxiety and PTSD was 7.2%.(3) Boys and girls were significantly different in Depression,girl's score being higher than boys'.Intrusion,Avoidance,IES-R score were significantly different in grade,the score of Intrusion,Hyperarousal,IES-R in grade 3 being the highest,the score of Depression and Anxiety in grade 4 the highest.(4) IES-R score,Intrusion,Avoidance,Hyperarousal,Depression and Anxiety could be explained by N.IES-R score,Intrusion, Hyperarousal,Anxiety could be explained by A.Depression could be explained by 0.(5) Social Support had a moderating effect on the relationship between Big five Personality and Avoidance,between Big five Personality and Hyperarousal,between Big five Personality and IES-R score,between Big five Personality and Depression.(6) Big five Personality had major effect on IES-R score,Intrusion, Hyperarousal,Depression and Anxiety. We arrive at the conclusion that social support has a moderating effect between the adolescent's Post-traumatic stress disorder and Big five personality.
After an earthquake,adolescents lost their family members,teachers and schoolmates,and suffered from physical injuries and mental blows.Six months after the quake they got through the acute stress disorder and began a long period of post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD).Post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD),a mental disorder that occurs when one experienced some unusual event,will bring pain to almost all of the people obviously.Previous research shows that individual personality is a key internal factor of post-traumatic stress disorder,and many researchers reagard social support as a buffer mode.In view of this,this research took five personalities as independent variables and social support as moderating variables to further explore their relationship with adolescent post-traumatic stress disorder. The study's purpose was to investigate adolescent's PTSD six months after an earthquake,discuss the relationship among Social Support,Big five personality and PTSD,Depression,Anxiety,and explore social support' s moderating effect. The study selected 933 Sichuan middle school students as participants,and used IES-R,SSRS,NEO-FFI and depression,anxiety subscale of SCL-90 to investigate the adolescent's PTSD.The results show that(l) 6 months after the May.12 earthquake,about 67. 6%of the adolescents suffereded from PTSD or partial PTSD,the number of boys was greater than that of girls,the number of grade one was the biggest,PTSD and Non-PTSD had significant effects on the N,E,A,C and Social support's using.(2) The ratings of Depression and Anxiety were about 11.4%and 9%,the rating of Depression,Anxiety and PTSD was 7.2%.(3) Boys and girls were significantly different in Depression,girl's score being higher than boys'.Intrusion,Avoidance,IES-R score were significantly different in grade,the score of Intrusion,Hyperarousal,IES-R in grade 3 being the highest,the score of Depression and Anxiety in grade 4 the highest.(4) IES-R score,Intrusion,Avoidance,Hyperarousal,Depression and Anxiety could be explained by N.IES-R score,Intrusion, Hyperarousal,Anxiety could be explained by A.Depression could be explained by 0.(5) Social Support had a moderating effect on the relationship between Big five Personality and Avoidance,between Big five Personality and Hyperarousal,between Big five Personality and IES-R score,between Big five Personality and Depression.(6) Big five Personality had major effect on IES-R score,Intrusion, Hyperarousal,Depression and Anxiety. We arrive at the conclusion that social support has a moderating effect between the adolescent's Post-traumatic stress disorder and Big five personality.
引文
郭素然,辛自强,耿柳娜.(2007).事件影响量表修订版的信度和效度分析.中国临床心理学杂志,15(1),15-17.
侯彩兰.(2007).矿难后创伤后应激障碍流行病学及神经影像学研究.博士学位论文.中南大学.
黄国平,张亚林,向慧,周云飞.(2006).事件影响量表-修订版(IES-R)在女性犯人中的信度、效度分析.中国心理卫生杂志, 20(1),2831.
聂衍刚,林崇德,郑雪,丁莉,彭以松.(2008).青少年社会适应行为与大五人格的关系.心理科学,31(4),774-779.
徐唯,宋瑛,梁爱民,董红兵,胡刚.(2003).特大爆炸事故幸存者创伤后应激障碍的初步研究.中国心理卫生杂志,17(9),603 -606.
汪向东,王希林.(1999).心理卫生评定量表手册.中国心理卫生杂志社,127-131.
汪向东,赵丞智.(1999).地震后创伤后应激障碍的发生率及影响因素.中国心理卫生杂志,13(1),28-3.
吴兴曲,王倩云,杨来启,胡淑芳,邓自和,王惠利,等.(2002). 312名高原汽车兵心理创伤后应激障碍的调查.解放军预防医学杂志,20(6),431-433.
伍志刚,刘爱忠,谭红专,周价,李硕欣,杨土保,等.(2003).洪灾区成人PTSD及其危险因素的研究.中国临床心理学杂志,11 (2),173-175.
张本,王学义,孙贺祥,马文有,徐广明,于振剑,等.(2001).唐山大地震所致孤儿心理创伤后应激障碍的调查.中华精神科杂志,33(2),111-114.
Bramsen,I.,& Dirkzwager,A.J.(2000).Predeployment personality traits and exposure to trauma as predictors of posttraumatic stress symptoms a prospective study of former peace-keepers.American Journal of Psychiatry,157,115-119.
Coyne,J.C.(1991).Social factors and psychological:Stress,social support and coping process.Journal Review psychology,42,401- 425.
Holmes,E.A.,& Steel,C.(2004).Schizotypy:A Vulnerability Factor for Traumatic Intrusions.J New Meat,192,28-34.
Horowitz,M.,Wilner,M.&Alvarez,W.(1979).Impact of event scale:A measure of subjective stress.Psychosomatic Medicine,41, 209-218.
House.(1998).Coping with Health Problems:Developing a Reliable and Valid Multidimensional Measure.Psychological Assessment,10, 195-205.
O"Toole,B.I.,Marshall,R.P.,Schureck,R.J.,&Dobson,M. (1998).Risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in Australian Vietnam Veterans.Australian and New Zealand J Psychiatry.32,21 -31.
Van Minnen,A.(1998).Book Review:Wilson,J.P.and Keane,T. M.(1997).Assessing Psychological Trauma and PTSD.New York: The Guilford Press,5,56.
WHO.(1993).The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorder, Diagnostic Ctiteria for Research.Englance;99.
Yehuda,R.,McFariane,A.C.(1995)。Conflict between current knowledge about posttraumatic stress disorder and its original conceptual basis.American Journal of Psychiatry.152(12),1705-1713.
侯彩兰.(2007).矿难后创伤后应激障碍流行病学及神经影像学研究.博士学位论文.中南大学.
黄国平,张亚林,向慧,周云飞.(2006).事件影响量表-修订版(IES-R)在女性犯人中的信度、效度分析.中国心理卫生杂志, 20(1),2831.
聂衍刚,林崇德,郑雪,丁莉,彭以松.(2008).青少年社会适应行为与大五人格的关系.心理科学,31(4),774-779.
徐唯,宋瑛,梁爱民,董红兵,胡刚.(2003).特大爆炸事故幸存者创伤后应激障碍的初步研究.中国心理卫生杂志,17(9),603 -606.
汪向东,王希林.(1999).心理卫生评定量表手册.中国心理卫生杂志社,127-131.
汪向东,赵丞智.(1999).地震后创伤后应激障碍的发生率及影响因素.中国心理卫生杂志,13(1),28-3.
吴兴曲,王倩云,杨来启,胡淑芳,邓自和,王惠利,等.(2002). 312名高原汽车兵心理创伤后应激障碍的调查.解放军预防医学杂志,20(6),431-433.
伍志刚,刘爱忠,谭红专,周价,李硕欣,杨土保,等.(2003).洪灾区成人PTSD及其危险因素的研究.中国临床心理学杂志,11 (2),173-175.
张本,王学义,孙贺祥,马文有,徐广明,于振剑,等.(2001).唐山大地震所致孤儿心理创伤后应激障碍的调查.中华精神科杂志,33(2),111-114.
Bramsen,I.,& Dirkzwager,A.J.(2000).Predeployment personality traits and exposure to trauma as predictors of posttraumatic stress symptoms a prospective study of former peace-keepers.American Journal of Psychiatry,157,115-119.
Coyne,J.C.(1991).Social factors and psychological:Stress,social support and coping process.Journal Review psychology,42,401- 425.
Holmes,E.A.,& Steel,C.(2004).Schizotypy:A Vulnerability Factor for Traumatic Intrusions.J New Meat,192,28-34.
Horowitz,M.,Wilner,M.&Alvarez,W.(1979).Impact of event scale:A measure of subjective stress.Psychosomatic Medicine,41, 209-218.
House.(1998).Coping with Health Problems:Developing a Reliable and Valid Multidimensional Measure.Psychological Assessment,10, 195-205.
O"Toole,B.I.,Marshall,R.P.,Schureck,R.J.,&Dobson,M. (1998).Risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in Australian Vietnam Veterans.Australian and New Zealand J Psychiatry.32,21 -31.
Van Minnen,A.(1998).Book Review:Wilson,J.P.and Keane,T. M.(1997).Assessing Psychological Trauma and PTSD.New York: The Guilford Press,5,56.
WHO.(1993).The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorder, Diagnostic Ctiteria for Research.Englance;99.
Yehuda,R.,McFariane,A.C.(1995)。Conflict between current knowledge about posttraumatic stress disorder and its original conceptual basis.American Journal of Psychiatry.152(12),1705-1713.
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