强烈地震震源破裂和深层过程与地震短临预测探索
|
摘要
强烈地震震源区和其周边地域的介质,在力源作用下开始破裂,即微破裂,而当其在应力不断积累、逐渐发展并形成具有一定规模的"破裂链"时,即应力集中达到临界状态时,震源介质所积累的巨大能量以波动的形式瞬间释放,并冲出地表发生地震,且在地表产生一系列的破坏和大型断裂.在强烈地震发生后依据设定的初始模型和远、近地震台网记录,通过震源机制解计算,可求得震源介质的破裂长度和破裂过程.事实表明,一系列大地震的"孕育"、发生和发展,由震源深处到地表均呈现出强烈的破裂效应,其破裂长度可由几公里、几十公里、乃至千余公里长.有的地震在发生前确亦存在着破裂响应和迹象.为此,若在地表和深井中能进行破裂效应的观测,以捕捉初始微破裂和其形成"破裂链"的动力过程,这对于短临地震预测可能是一个十分重要的途径.
The medium around source and its nearby area of strong earthquakes will rupture under the action of force, and it is called micro-rupture. When the micro-rupture develops to a "rupture chain" of a certain length, it will radiate energy and break out of earth surface, so an earthquake occurs and it causes a series of damages and large scale faults. Based on the initial model and the seismic record of far and nearby seismic station net, we can get the rupture length and rupture process of the source medium after a strong earthquake occurred. The facts show that strong rupture effects will occur from the source zone to the earth surface when a series of big earthquakes "pregnancy", occur and develop, and the rupture length ranges from several kilometers to thousands of kilometers. It is also certain that rupture response exists before some earthquakes. Therefore, if we can do some rupture effect observation on surface and in deep hole, and obtain the dynamic process of the "rupture chain" developing from the micro-rupture, it will be an important method for the impending earthquake prediction.
The medium around source and its nearby area of strong earthquakes will rupture under the action of force, and it is called micro-rupture. When the micro-rupture develops to a "rupture chain" of a certain length, it will radiate energy and break out of earth surface, so an earthquake occurs and it causes a series of damages and large scale faults. Based on the initial model and the seismic record of far and nearby seismic station net, we can get the rupture length and rupture process of the source medium after a strong earthquake occurred. The facts show that strong rupture effects will occur from the source zone to the earth surface when a series of big earthquakes "pregnancy", occur and develop, and the rupture length ranges from several kilometers to thousands of kilometers. It is also certain that rupture response exists before some earthquakes. Therefore, if we can do some rupture effect observation on surface and in deep hole, and obtain the dynamic process of the "rupture chain" developing from the micro-rupture, it will be an important method for the impending earthquake prediction.
引文
[1] 陈运泰.地震预测--进展、困难与前景.地震地磁观测与研究,2007,28(2) :1-24 Chen Y T. Earthquake prediction: progress, difficulties and prospect. Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research (in Chinese), 2007, 28(2) :1-24
[2] Milne J. Seismic in Japan. Trans. Seism. Soc, Japan,1880,1:3-33
[3] 傅承义,刘恢先.天然地震的研究与防御.科学长远规划.1956． 33 Fu C Y, Liu H X. The research and prevention of earthquake (in Chinese). Long Programs for Sciences. 1956． 33
[4] 傅承义.有关地震预报的几个问题.科学通报,1963,(3) :30-36 Fu C Y. Several problems about the earthquake prediction. Chinese Science Bulletin (in Chinese), 1963,(3) : 30-36
[5] Press F, Benioff H, Frosch R A, et al. Earthquake Prediction: A Proposal for a Ten Year Program of Research.White House Office of Science and Technology. Washington D C, 1965． 134
[6] Press F, Brace W F. Earthquake prediction. Science, 1966, 152:1575-1584
[7] National Research Council of the National Academies. Predicting Earthquakes: A Scientific and Technical Evaluation with Implication for Society. Washington D C: National Academy Press, 1976． 62
[8] National Research Council of the National Academies. Living on an Active Earth. Washington D C: The National Academies Press, 2003． 418
[9] 中国地震局监测预报司编.2001年昆仑山口西8． 1级大地震.北京:地震出版社,2002 Monitoring and Prediction Bureau of CEA. The M_s8． 1 earthquake in the west pass of Kunlun mountain, 2001 (in Chinese). Beijing:Seismological Press, 2002
[10] 滕吉文.王光杰,张秉铭等.地球内部各圈层介质的地震各向异性与地球动力学.地球物理学进展,2000,15(1) :7-35 Teng J W, Wang G J, Zhang B M, et al. The seismic anisotropy and geodynamics of earth' s interior media. Progress IN Geophysics (in Chinese), 2000, 15(1) :7-35
[11] 滕吉文,冯炽芬.李金森等.华北平原中部地区深部构造背景及邢台地震(一).地球物理学报,1974,17(4) :255-272 Teng J W, Feng C F, Li J S, et al. The deep structure background in central northern China plain and earthquake in Xingtai(l). Chinese J. Geaph ys. (in Chinese), 1974,17(4) : 255-272
[12] 滕吉文,王国正,刘道洪等.华北平原中部地区深部构造背景及邢台地震(二).地球物理学报,1975,18(3) :196-205 Teng J W, Wang G Z. Liu D H, et al. The deep structure background in central northern China plain and earthquake in Xingtai(2) . Chinese J . Geophys. (in Chinese), 1975,18(3) : 196-205
[13] 滕吉文.地震“孕育”、发生和发展的深部介质和构造环境的探讨.第四届海峡两岸地震科技研讨会.即台湾地区强地面运动观测研讨会(四)论文集.台湾,2001． 151-153 Teng J W. Discussion on the deep media and tectonic environment of the earthquake "pregnancy", occurence and development ( in Chinese ). Symposium of the 4th Seismological Science and Technology Seminar of the Crossstait, as well as the Strong Earth Surface Motion Observation Seminar in Taiwan. Taiwan,2001． 151-153
[14] 滕吉文,张秉铭,胡家富等.地震“孕育”的深部介质和构造环境.见:陈运泰主编.中国地震学研究进展--庆贺谢毓寿教授八十寿辰.北京:地震出版社,1997． 258-265 Teng J W, Zhang B M, Hu J F, et al. Deep media and tectonic environment for earthquake "pregnancy". In:Chen Y T ed. Development of Seismology in China-Congratulations for the 80th Birthday of Prof. Xie Yushou (in Chinese). Beijing: Seismological Press, 1997． 258-265
[15] Fischer T. Modeling of multiple events using empirical Green s functions:method, application to swarm earthquakes and implications for their rupture propagation, Geophy, J. Int. 2005,163:991-1005
[16] 张勇.震源破裂过程反演方法研究[博士论文].北京大学地球物理系,2008 Zhang Y. Study on the inversion methods of eqrthquake rupture process [Ph. D. thesis] (in Chinese). Geophysical Department of Beijing University, 2008
[17] Sarao A Das S, Suhadole P. Effect of non-uniform station coverage on the inversion for earthquake rupture history for a Haskll-type source model. Journal of Seismology , 1998,2: 1-25
[18] Amnion C J, Velasco A A, Lay T. Rapid estimation of rupture directivity: application to the 1992 Landers ( M_s=7． 4) and Cape Mendocino(M_s7． 2) , California earthquakes.Geophys. Res. Lett. , 1993, 20:97-100
[19] Dreger D S. Empirical Green s function study of the January 17, 1994 Northridge, California earthquake. Geophys. Res. Lett. , 1994,21:2633-2636
[20] 许力生,陈运泰,高孟谭.1997年中国西藏玛尼M_s7． 9地震的时空破裂过程.地震学报,1999,21:449-459 Xu L S, Chen Y T, Gao M T. The temporal and spatial process of the rupture in the M_s7． 9 earthquake in Mani, Tibet in China. Acta Seismologica Sinica (in Chinese) ,1999,21:449-459
[21] 许力生,陈运泰.震源时间函数与震源破裂过程.地震地磁观测与研究,2002,23:1-8 Xu L S. Chen Y T. Source time function and rupture process of earthquake. Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research (in Chinese) ,2002,23:1-8
[22] 许力生.地震破裂的时空过程研究.中国地震局地球物理研究所.1995 Xu L S. The temporal and spatial process of the earthquake rupture. Institute of Geophysics, CEA. 1995
[23] Chen Y T, Zhou J Y, Ni J C. Inversion of near-sourcebroadband accelerograms for the earthquake source-time function. Tectonophysics, 1991 ,197:89-98
[24] Kraeva N. Tikhonov's regularization for deconvolution in the empirical Green function method and vertical directivity effect. Tectono physics,2004,383:29-44
[25] Bertero M, Bindi D, Boccacci P, et al. Application of the projected Landweber method to the estimation of the source time function in seismology. Inverse Problems, 1997, 13:465-486
[26] 周仕勇,Irikura K.近震源地震波形资料反演震源破裂过程的可靠性分析.地球物理学报,2005,48(1) :124-131 Zhou S Y, Irikura K. Analysis on the reliability of the earthquake rupture process inferred from near source waveforms. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese) , 2005,48(1) :124-131
[27] Zhou S Y, Chen X. Inversion of near-field waveform data for earthquake source rupture process(l):Method and numerical test, Science in China (D), 2003,46:1089-1102
[28] Vallee M. Rupture properties of the giant Sumatra earthquake imaged by empirical Green's function analysis. Bull, Seism. Soc.Am. , 2007, 97:103-114
[29] Chen Y T, Xu L S. A time-domain inversion technique for the tempo-spatial distribution of slip on a finite fault plane with applications to recent large earthquakes in the Tibetan Plateau. Geophys. J. Int. , 2000,143:407-416
[30] Radulian M, Popa M. Scaling of source parameters for Vrancea ( Romania ) intermediate depth earthquake. Tectonopkysics,1996 ,261:67-81
[31] Gurrola H, Baker G E, Minster J B. Simultaneous timedomain deconvolution with application to the computation of receiver functions. Geophys. J. Int., 1995 ,120:537-543
[32] Courboulex F, Deichmann N, Gariel J C. Rupture complexity of a moderate intraplate earthquake in the Alps: the 1996 M5 Epagny-annecy earthquake. Geophys. J. Int. , 1999, 139:152-160
[33] Kikuchi M, Kanamori H. Inversion of complex body waves. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. , 1982,72:491-506
[34] Mori J, Hartzell S. Source inversion of the 1988 upland, California, earthquake: determination of a fault plane for a small event. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 1990,80:507-517
[35] Xu L S, Chen Y T, Teng T L, et al. Temporal and spatial rupture process of the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake from IRIS and GEOSCOPE long period waveform data using aftershocks an empirical Greens functions. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. , 2002, 92:3210-3228
[36] Hartzell S H, Liu P C. Calculation of earthquake rupture histories using a hybrid global search algorithm:application to the 1992 Landers, California, earthquake. Phys. Earth Plant. Inter. , 1996,95:79-99
[37] 姚振兴,纪晨.时间城内有限地震断层的反演问题.地球物理学报,1997,40(5) :691-701 Yao Z X, Ji C. The inverse problem of finite fault study in time domain. Chinese J. Geophys. ( in Chinese) , 1 997 , 40 ( 5 ) : 691-701
[38] Ji C, Wald D J, Helmberger D V. Source description of the 1999 Hector Mine, California, earthquake, part 1: Wavelet domain inversion theory and resolution analysis. Bull. Seis. Soc. Am. , 2002, 92:1192-1207
[39] Sekiguchi H, Iwata T. Rupture process of the 1999 Kocaeli, Turkey, earthquake estimated from strong-motion waveforms. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. , 2002,92:300-311
[40] Ni S D, Knamori H, Helmberger D. Energy radiation from the Sumatra earthquake. Nature,2005 ,434:582
[41] Zahradnik J, Serpetsidaki A, Solos E, et al. Iterative deconvolution of regional waveforms and a double-event interpretation of the 2003 Lefkada earthquake, Greece. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. , 2005,95:159-172
[42] Kikuchi M, Kanamori H. Inversion of complex body waves-@@@. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. , 1991,81:2335-2350
[43] Chlieh M, Acouac J P, Hjorleifsdoltir V, et al. Coseismic slip and afterslip of the great M_w9． 15 Sumatra-Andman earthquake of 2004． Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. , 2007, 97:152-173
[44] Ammon C J, Ji C, Thio H K, et al. Rupture process of the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake. Science, 2005, 308: 1133-1139
[45] 徐锡伟,陈文斌,于贵华等.2001年11月13日昆仑山库赛湖震(M_s8． 1) 地表破裂带的基本特征.地震地质,2002,24(1) :1-17 Xu X W, Chen W B. Yu G H, et al. Characteristic features of the surface ruptures of the Hohsaihu ( Kunlunshan) earthquake (M_s8． 1) , northern Tibetan plateau, China. Seismology and Geology (in Chinese), 2002,24(1) :1-17
[46] 江娃利,邓起东,徐颂伟等.1303年山西洪洞8级地震地表破裂带.地震学报,2004,26(4) :355-362 Jiang W L, Deng Q D, Xu S W, et al. Surface rupture zone of the 1303 Hongtong M=8 earthquake, Shanxi province. Acta Seismologica Sinica (in Chinese) ,2004,26(4) :355-362
[47] Darwin C. Journal of Researches into the National History and Geology of the Countries During the Voyage of H. M. S Beagle Round the World Under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy. R. N. D. Applitin and 10． New York. 1998
[48] 周云好,陈章立,缪发军.2001年11月14日昆仑山口西8． 1级地震震源破裂过程研究.地震学报,2004． 26(增):9-20 Zhou Y H. Chen Z L, Miu F J. Source process of the 14 November 2001 westhern Kunlun mountain M_s8． 1 earthquake. Acta Seismologies Sinica (in Chinese), 2004,26 (Suppl. ):9-20
[49] 李松林,张先康.樊计吕.利用断层围陷波研究昆仑山口西8． 1级地震破裂面.地震学报,2005,27(1) :42-86 Li S L. Zhang X K, Fan J C. Study on rupture zone of the M8． 1 Kunlun mountain earthquake using fault zone trapped waves. Ada Seismologica Sinica (in Chinese) .2005,27(1) :42-86
[50] 许力生,陈运泰.从全球长周期波形资料反演2001年11月14日昆仑山口地震时空破裂过程.中国科学(D辑:地球科学),2004:34:256-264 Xu L S, Chen Y T. Inversion for the rupture process of the 14 November 2001 earthquake in Kunlun mountain pass from the long-period wave form data all over the world. Science in China (Series D Earth Sciences) (in Chinese), 2004, 34:256-264
[51] 单新进,何玉梅,朱燕等.新疆伽师强震群的地震破裂特征.地震地质,2002,24(1) :59-68 Shan X J, He Y M, Zhu Y, et al. Characteristics of focal rupture of the Jiashi stong earthquake warm. Seismology and Geology (in Chinese), 2002,24(1) : 59-68
[52] 赖院根,刘启元,陈九辉等.新疆伽师强震群区的横波分裂与应力场特征.地球物理学报,2002,45(1) :83-92 Lai Y G, Liu Q Y, Chen J H, et al. Features ot the S-wave splitting and stress field in the Xinjiang Jiashi strong earthquake region. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2002, 45(1) :83-92
[53] 周仕勇.许忠淮,陈晓非.伽师强震源特征及震源机制力学成因分析.地球物理学报,2001,44(5) :654-662 Zhou S Y, Xu Z H, Chen X F. Analysis on the source characters of the 1997 Jiashi swarm, western China. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2001,44(5) :654-662
[54] 赵翠萍,陈章立,郑斯华等.2003年9月27日中俄蒙边界M_s7． 9地震震源机制及破裂过程研究.地震学报,2005． 27(3) :237-249 Zhao C P. Chen Z L, Zheng S H, et al. Moment tensor inversion and source rupture process of the September 27,2003 M_s7． 9 earthquake occurred in the border area of China, Russia and Mongolia. Acta Seismologica Sinica (in Chinese), 2005,27(3) :237-249
[55] 许力生,陈运泰,高盈泽.2001年1月26日印度古杰拉特(Gajarat)M_s7． 8地震时空破裂过程.地震学报,2002,24(5) :447-461 Xu L S, Chen Y T, Gao Y Z. Spatial and temporal rupture process of the January 26, 2001, Gujarat, India, M_s7． 8 earthquake. Acta Seismologica Sinica (in Chinese) , 2002, 24 (5) :447-461
[56] 蒋长胜,吴忠良.2004年12月26日印尼苏门答腊岛西近海M_s9． 0地震与地震的类临界点模型.地震学报,2005,27(3) :269-275 Jiang C S, Wu Z L. The December 26, 2004, off the west coast of northern Sumatra, Indonesia, M_w9． 0 earthquake and the critical point like model of earthquake preparation. Ada Seismologica Sinica (in Chinese) , 2005 ,27(3) :269-275
[57] Vallee M. M_w7． 7 05/10/08 Pakistan earthquake. http:// www-geoazur. unice. fr/SEISME/PAKISTAN081005/notel.html,2005
[58] Thakur V C. Lessons learnt from the 8 October 2005 Muzaffarabad earthquake and need for some initiatives.Current Science, 2006,91:599
[59] Parsons T, Yeats R S, Yagi Y, et al. Static stress change from the 8 October, 2005 M7． 6 Kashmir earthquake. Geophysical Research Letters, 2006,33, L06304
[60] Kaneda H. Surface rupture of the 2005 Kashmir, Pakistan, earthquake and its active tectonic implications. AGU Fall Meeting,2006． 87
[61] Patchier E, Fielding E J, Wright T J, et al. Static stress change from the 8 October, 2005, Ml. 6 Kashmir earthquake from SAR imagery. Geophysical Research Letters, 2006． 33:L20310, doi20310,21029/22006 GL 027393
[62] Avouac J P, Ayoub F, Leprince S, et al. The 2005, M_w7． 6 Kashmir earthquake: Sup-pixel correlation of ASTER images and seismic waveforms analysis. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2006,249:514-528
[63] 陈运泰.汶川特大地震的震级和断层长度.科技导报,2008,26(10) .26-27 Chen Y T. On the magnitude and the fault length of the great Wenchuan eaerthquake. Science & Technology Review (in Chinese), 2008, 26(10) :26-27
[64] 何宏林,孙昭民,王世元等.汶川M_s8． 0地震地表破裂带.地震地质,2008,30(2) :359-362 He H L, Sun Z M, Wang S Y, et al. Rupture of the M_s8． 0 Wenchuan earthquake. Seismology and Geology (in Chinese), 2008, 30(2) :359-362
[65] 陈运泰,许力生,张勇等.2008年5月12日汶川特大地震震源特性分析报告.2008 Chen Y T, Xu L S, Zhang Y, et al. Analysis of the source parameters of the great Wenchuan earthquake of May 12, 2008 (in Chinese). 2008
[66] Mohammad Reza, Gheitanchi, Zoya Zarifii.伊郞中东部Ghaeb-Birjand地区上地壳各向异性研究.地震学报,2004,26(5) :466-473 Mohammad Reza, Gheitanchi, Zoya Zarifii. Investigation of upper crust anisotropy in Ghaen-Birjand region, east-central Iran. Acta Seismologica Sinica (in Chinese), 2004, 26 (5) : 466-473
[67] 刘启元,陈九辉,李顺成等.新疆伽师强震群三维地壳上地幔S波速度结构及其地震成因的探讨.地球物理学报,2000,43(3) :356-365 Liu Q Y. Chen J H, Li S C, et al. Passive seismic experiment in Xinjiang Jiashi strong earthquake region and discussion on its seismic genesis. Chbie.se J. Geophys. (in Chinese).2000,43(3) : 356-365
[68] 滕吉文.地球内部物质的能量交换和动力过程.见:李喜先主编.21世纪100个交叉科学难题.北京:科学出版社,2005． 327-338 Teng J W. The energy exchange and dynamic process in the Earth interior (in Chinese). In:Li X X ed. The 100 Crossing-Subject Scientific Problems in the 21th Century. Beijing: Science Press,2005． 327-338
[69] 徐纪人,赵志新,许志琴等.大陆科学钻探与深井地球物理长期观测研究最新进展.地质通报,2004,23(8) :721-727 Xu J R, Zhao Z X, Xu Z Q, et al. New progress in continental scientific drilling and long-term geophysical observations in deep boreholes. Geological Bulletin of China (in Chinese),2004,23(8) :721-727
[70] Niu F L, Paul G Silver, Thomas M, et al. Preseismic velocity changes observed from active source monitoring at the Parkfield SAFOD drill site. Nature, 2008, 204-209
[71] 吴开统,岳明生,武宦英等.海城地震序列的特征.地球物理学报,1976,(2) :95-109 Wu K T, Yue M S, Wu H Y, et al. The characteristic features of the earthquake sequence in Haicheng. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese),1976, (2) :95-109
[72] Geller R J, Jackson D, Kagan Y. Earthquake cannot be predicted. Science, 1997, 275:1616-1617
[73] 黄永明,陈运泰.地震预报要知难而进.科技导报,2008,26(10) :19-21 Huang Y M, Chen Y T. Research
[2] Milne J. Seismic in Japan. Trans. Seism. Soc, Japan,1880,1:3-33
[3] 傅承义,刘恢先.天然地震的研究与防御.科学长远规划.1956． 33 Fu C Y, Liu H X. The research and prevention of earthquake (in Chinese). Long Programs for Sciences. 1956． 33
[4] 傅承义.有关地震预报的几个问题.科学通报,1963,(3) :30-36 Fu C Y. Several problems about the earthquake prediction. Chinese Science Bulletin (in Chinese), 1963,(3) : 30-36
[5] Press F, Benioff H, Frosch R A, et al. Earthquake Prediction: A Proposal for a Ten Year Program of Research.White House Office of Science and Technology. Washington D C, 1965． 134
[6] Press F, Brace W F. Earthquake prediction. Science, 1966, 152:1575-1584
[7] National Research Council of the National Academies. Predicting Earthquakes: A Scientific and Technical Evaluation with Implication for Society. Washington D C: National Academy Press, 1976． 62
[8] National Research Council of the National Academies. Living on an Active Earth. Washington D C: The National Academies Press, 2003． 418
[9] 中国地震局监测预报司编.2001年昆仑山口西8． 1级大地震.北京:地震出版社,2002 Monitoring and Prediction Bureau of CEA. The M_s8． 1 earthquake in the west pass of Kunlun mountain, 2001 (in Chinese). Beijing:Seismological Press, 2002
[10] 滕吉文.王光杰,张秉铭等.地球内部各圈层介质的地震各向异性与地球动力学.地球物理学进展,2000,15(1) :7-35 Teng J W, Wang G J, Zhang B M, et al. The seismic anisotropy and geodynamics of earth' s interior media. Progress IN Geophysics (in Chinese), 2000, 15(1) :7-35
[11] 滕吉文,冯炽芬.李金森等.华北平原中部地区深部构造背景及邢台地震(一).地球物理学报,1974,17(4) :255-272 Teng J W, Feng C F, Li J S, et al. The deep structure background in central northern China plain and earthquake in Xingtai(l). Chinese J. Geaph ys. (in Chinese), 1974,17(4) : 255-272
[12] 滕吉文,王国正,刘道洪等.华北平原中部地区深部构造背景及邢台地震(二).地球物理学报,1975,18(3) :196-205 Teng J W, Wang G Z. Liu D H, et al. The deep structure background in central northern China plain and earthquake in Xingtai(2) . Chinese J . Geophys. (in Chinese), 1975,18(3) : 196-205
[13] 滕吉文.地震“孕育”、发生和发展的深部介质和构造环境的探讨.第四届海峡两岸地震科技研讨会.即台湾地区强地面运动观测研讨会(四)论文集.台湾,2001． 151-153 Teng J W. Discussion on the deep media and tectonic environment of the earthquake "pregnancy", occurence and development ( in Chinese ). Symposium of the 4th Seismological Science and Technology Seminar of the Crossstait, as well as the Strong Earth Surface Motion Observation Seminar in Taiwan. Taiwan,2001． 151-153
[14] 滕吉文,张秉铭,胡家富等.地震“孕育”的深部介质和构造环境.见:陈运泰主编.中国地震学研究进展--庆贺谢毓寿教授八十寿辰.北京:地震出版社,1997． 258-265 Teng J W, Zhang B M, Hu J F, et al. Deep media and tectonic environment for earthquake "pregnancy". In:Chen Y T ed. Development of Seismology in China-Congratulations for the 80th Birthday of Prof. Xie Yushou (in Chinese). Beijing: Seismological Press, 1997． 258-265
[15] Fischer T. Modeling of multiple events using empirical Green s functions:method, application to swarm earthquakes and implications for their rupture propagation, Geophy, J. Int. 2005,163:991-1005
[16] 张勇.震源破裂过程反演方法研究[博士论文].北京大学地球物理系,2008 Zhang Y. Study on the inversion methods of eqrthquake rupture process [Ph. D. thesis] (in Chinese). Geophysical Department of Beijing University, 2008
[17] Sarao A Das S, Suhadole P. Effect of non-uniform station coverage on the inversion for earthquake rupture history for a Haskll-type source model. Journal of Seismology , 1998,2: 1-25
[18] Amnion C J, Velasco A A, Lay T. Rapid estimation of rupture directivity: application to the 1992 Landers ( M_s=7． 4) and Cape Mendocino(M_s7． 2) , California earthquakes.Geophys. Res. Lett. , 1993, 20:97-100
[19] Dreger D S. Empirical Green s function study of the January 17, 1994 Northridge, California earthquake. Geophys. Res. Lett. , 1994,21:2633-2636
[20] 许力生,陈运泰,高孟谭.1997年中国西藏玛尼M_s7． 9地震的时空破裂过程.地震学报,1999,21:449-459 Xu L S, Chen Y T, Gao M T. The temporal and spatial process of the rupture in the M_s7． 9 earthquake in Mani, Tibet in China. Acta Seismologica Sinica (in Chinese) ,1999,21:449-459
[21] 许力生,陈运泰.震源时间函数与震源破裂过程.地震地磁观测与研究,2002,23:1-8 Xu L S. Chen Y T. Source time function and rupture process of earthquake. Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research (in Chinese) ,2002,23:1-8
[22] 许力生.地震破裂的时空过程研究.中国地震局地球物理研究所.1995 Xu L S. The temporal and spatial process of the earthquake rupture. Institute of Geophysics, CEA. 1995
[23] Chen Y T, Zhou J Y, Ni J C. Inversion of near-sourcebroadband accelerograms for the earthquake source-time function. Tectonophysics, 1991 ,197:89-98
[24] Kraeva N. Tikhonov's regularization for deconvolution in the empirical Green function method and vertical directivity effect. Tectono physics,2004,383:29-44
[25] Bertero M, Bindi D, Boccacci P, et al. Application of the projected Landweber method to the estimation of the source time function in seismology. Inverse Problems, 1997, 13:465-486
[26] 周仕勇,Irikura K.近震源地震波形资料反演震源破裂过程的可靠性分析.地球物理学报,2005,48(1) :124-131 Zhou S Y, Irikura K. Analysis on the reliability of the earthquake rupture process inferred from near source waveforms. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese) , 2005,48(1) :124-131
[27] Zhou S Y, Chen X. Inversion of near-field waveform data for earthquake source rupture process(l):Method and numerical test, Science in China (D), 2003,46:1089-1102
[28] Vallee M. Rupture properties of the giant Sumatra earthquake imaged by empirical Green's function analysis. Bull, Seism. Soc.Am. , 2007, 97:103-114
[29] Chen Y T, Xu L S. A time-domain inversion technique for the tempo-spatial distribution of slip on a finite fault plane with applications to recent large earthquakes in the Tibetan Plateau. Geophys. J. Int. , 2000,143:407-416
[30] Radulian M, Popa M. Scaling of source parameters for Vrancea ( Romania ) intermediate depth earthquake. Tectonopkysics,1996 ,261:67-81
[31] Gurrola H, Baker G E, Minster J B. Simultaneous timedomain deconvolution with application to the computation of receiver functions. Geophys. J. Int., 1995 ,120:537-543
[32] Courboulex F, Deichmann N, Gariel J C. Rupture complexity of a moderate intraplate earthquake in the Alps: the 1996 M5 Epagny-annecy earthquake. Geophys. J. Int. , 1999, 139:152-160
[33] Kikuchi M, Kanamori H. Inversion of complex body waves. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. , 1982,72:491-506
[34] Mori J, Hartzell S. Source inversion of the 1988 upland, California, earthquake: determination of a fault plane for a small event. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 1990,80:507-517
[35] Xu L S, Chen Y T, Teng T L, et al. Temporal and spatial rupture process of the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake from IRIS and GEOSCOPE long period waveform data using aftershocks an empirical Greens functions. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. , 2002, 92:3210-3228
[36] Hartzell S H, Liu P C. Calculation of earthquake rupture histories using a hybrid global search algorithm:application to the 1992 Landers, California, earthquake. Phys. Earth Plant. Inter. , 1996,95:79-99
[37] 姚振兴,纪晨.时间城内有限地震断层的反演问题.地球物理学报,1997,40(5) :691-701 Yao Z X, Ji C. The inverse problem of finite fault study in time domain. Chinese J. Geophys. ( in Chinese) , 1 997 , 40 ( 5 ) : 691-701
[38] Ji C, Wald D J, Helmberger D V. Source description of the 1999 Hector Mine, California, earthquake, part 1: Wavelet domain inversion theory and resolution analysis. Bull. Seis. Soc. Am. , 2002, 92:1192-1207
[39] Sekiguchi H, Iwata T. Rupture process of the 1999 Kocaeli, Turkey, earthquake estimated from strong-motion waveforms. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. , 2002,92:300-311
[40] Ni S D, Knamori H, Helmberger D. Energy radiation from the Sumatra earthquake. Nature,2005 ,434:582
[41] Zahradnik J, Serpetsidaki A, Solos E, et al. Iterative deconvolution of regional waveforms and a double-event interpretation of the 2003 Lefkada earthquake, Greece. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. , 2005,95:159-172
[42] Kikuchi M, Kanamori H. Inversion of complex body waves-@@@. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. , 1991,81:2335-2350
[43] Chlieh M, Acouac J P, Hjorleifsdoltir V, et al. Coseismic slip and afterslip of the great M_w9． 15 Sumatra-Andman earthquake of 2004． Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. , 2007, 97:152-173
[44] Ammon C J, Ji C, Thio H K, et al. Rupture process of the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake. Science, 2005, 308: 1133-1139
[45] 徐锡伟,陈文斌,于贵华等.2001年11月13日昆仑山库赛湖震(M_s8． 1) 地表破裂带的基本特征.地震地质,2002,24(1) :1-17 Xu X W, Chen W B. Yu G H, et al. Characteristic features of the surface ruptures of the Hohsaihu ( Kunlunshan) earthquake (M_s8． 1) , northern Tibetan plateau, China. Seismology and Geology (in Chinese), 2002,24(1) :1-17
[46] 江娃利,邓起东,徐颂伟等.1303年山西洪洞8级地震地表破裂带.地震学报,2004,26(4) :355-362 Jiang W L, Deng Q D, Xu S W, et al. Surface rupture zone of the 1303 Hongtong M=8 earthquake, Shanxi province. Acta Seismologica Sinica (in Chinese) ,2004,26(4) :355-362
[47] Darwin C. Journal of Researches into the National History and Geology of the Countries During the Voyage of H. M. S Beagle Round the World Under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy. R. N. D. Applitin and 10． New York. 1998
[48] 周云好,陈章立,缪发军.2001年11月14日昆仑山口西8． 1级地震震源破裂过程研究.地震学报,2004． 26(增):9-20 Zhou Y H. Chen Z L, Miu F J. Source process of the 14 November 2001 westhern Kunlun mountain M_s8． 1 earthquake. Acta Seismologies Sinica (in Chinese), 2004,26 (Suppl. ):9-20
[49] 李松林,张先康.樊计吕.利用断层围陷波研究昆仑山口西8． 1级地震破裂面.地震学报,2005,27(1) :42-86 Li S L. Zhang X K, Fan J C. Study on rupture zone of the M8． 1 Kunlun mountain earthquake using fault zone trapped waves. Ada Seismologica Sinica (in Chinese) .2005,27(1) :42-86
[50] 许力生,陈运泰.从全球长周期波形资料反演2001年11月14日昆仑山口地震时空破裂过程.中国科学(D辑:地球科学),2004:34:256-264 Xu L S, Chen Y T. Inversion for the rupture process of the 14 November 2001 earthquake in Kunlun mountain pass from the long-period wave form data all over the world. Science in China (Series D Earth Sciences) (in Chinese), 2004, 34:256-264
[51] 单新进,何玉梅,朱燕等.新疆伽师强震群的地震破裂特征.地震地质,2002,24(1) :59-68 Shan X J, He Y M, Zhu Y, et al. Characteristics of focal rupture of the Jiashi stong earthquake warm. Seismology and Geology (in Chinese), 2002,24(1) : 59-68
[52] 赖院根,刘启元,陈九辉等.新疆伽师强震群区的横波分裂与应力场特征.地球物理学报,2002,45(1) :83-92 Lai Y G, Liu Q Y, Chen J H, et al. Features ot the S-wave splitting and stress field in the Xinjiang Jiashi strong earthquake region. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2002, 45(1) :83-92
[53] 周仕勇.许忠淮,陈晓非.伽师强震源特征及震源机制力学成因分析.地球物理学报,2001,44(5) :654-662 Zhou S Y, Xu Z H, Chen X F. Analysis on the source characters of the 1997 Jiashi swarm, western China. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2001,44(5) :654-662
[54] 赵翠萍,陈章立,郑斯华等.2003年9月27日中俄蒙边界M_s7． 9地震震源机制及破裂过程研究.地震学报,2005． 27(3) :237-249 Zhao C P. Chen Z L, Zheng S H, et al. Moment tensor inversion and source rupture process of the September 27,2003 M_s7． 9 earthquake occurred in the border area of China, Russia and Mongolia. Acta Seismologica Sinica (in Chinese), 2005,27(3) :237-249
[55] 许力生,陈运泰,高盈泽.2001年1月26日印度古杰拉特(Gajarat)M_s7． 8地震时空破裂过程.地震学报,2002,24(5) :447-461 Xu L S, Chen Y T, Gao Y Z. Spatial and temporal rupture process of the January 26, 2001, Gujarat, India, M_s7． 8 earthquake. Acta Seismologica Sinica (in Chinese) , 2002, 24 (5) :447-461
[56] 蒋长胜,吴忠良.2004年12月26日印尼苏门答腊岛西近海M_s9． 0地震与地震的类临界点模型.地震学报,2005,27(3) :269-275 Jiang C S, Wu Z L. The December 26, 2004, off the west coast of northern Sumatra, Indonesia, M_w9． 0 earthquake and the critical point like model of earthquake preparation. Ada Seismologica Sinica (in Chinese) , 2005 ,27(3) :269-275
[57] Vallee M. M_w7． 7 05/10/08 Pakistan earthquake. http:// www-geoazur. unice. fr/SEISME/PAKISTAN081005/notel.html,2005
[58] Thakur V C. Lessons learnt from the 8 October 2005 Muzaffarabad earthquake and need for some initiatives.Current Science, 2006,91:599
[59] Parsons T, Yeats R S, Yagi Y, et al. Static stress change from the 8 October, 2005 M7． 6 Kashmir earthquake. Geophysical Research Letters, 2006,33, L06304
[60] Kaneda H. Surface rupture of the 2005 Kashmir, Pakistan, earthquake and its active tectonic implications. AGU Fall Meeting,2006． 87
[61] Patchier E, Fielding E J, Wright T J, et al. Static stress change from the 8 October, 2005, Ml. 6 Kashmir earthquake from SAR imagery. Geophysical Research Letters, 2006． 33:L20310, doi20310,21029/22006 GL 027393
[62] Avouac J P, Ayoub F, Leprince S, et al. The 2005, M_w7． 6 Kashmir earthquake: Sup-pixel correlation of ASTER images and seismic waveforms analysis. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2006,249:514-528
[63] 陈运泰.汶川特大地震的震级和断层长度.科技导报,2008,26(10) .26-27 Chen Y T. On the magnitude and the fault length of the great Wenchuan eaerthquake. Science & Technology Review (in Chinese), 2008, 26(10) :26-27
[64] 何宏林,孙昭民,王世元等.汶川M_s8． 0地震地表破裂带.地震地质,2008,30(2) :359-362 He H L, Sun Z M, Wang S Y, et al. Rupture of the M_s8． 0 Wenchuan earthquake. Seismology and Geology (in Chinese), 2008, 30(2) :359-362
[65] 陈运泰,许力生,张勇等.2008年5月12日汶川特大地震震源特性分析报告.2008 Chen Y T, Xu L S, Zhang Y, et al. Analysis of the source parameters of the great Wenchuan earthquake of May 12, 2008 (in Chinese). 2008
[66] Mohammad Reza, Gheitanchi, Zoya Zarifii.伊郞中东部Ghaeb-Birjand地区上地壳各向异性研究.地震学报,2004,26(5) :466-473 Mohammad Reza, Gheitanchi, Zoya Zarifii. Investigation of upper crust anisotropy in Ghaen-Birjand region, east-central Iran. Acta Seismologica Sinica (in Chinese), 2004, 26 (5) : 466-473
[67] 刘启元,陈九辉,李顺成等.新疆伽师强震群三维地壳上地幔S波速度结构及其地震成因的探讨.地球物理学报,2000,43(3) :356-365 Liu Q Y. Chen J H, Li S C, et al. Passive seismic experiment in Xinjiang Jiashi strong earthquake region and discussion on its seismic genesis. Chbie.se J. Geophys. (in Chinese).2000,43(3) : 356-365
[68] 滕吉文.地球内部物质的能量交换和动力过程.见:李喜先主编.21世纪100个交叉科学难题.北京:科学出版社,2005． 327-338 Teng J W. The energy exchange and dynamic process in the Earth interior (in Chinese). In:Li X X ed. The 100 Crossing-Subject Scientific Problems in the 21th Century. Beijing: Science Press,2005． 327-338
[69] 徐纪人,赵志新,许志琴等.大陆科学钻探与深井地球物理长期观测研究最新进展.地质通报,2004,23(8) :721-727 Xu J R, Zhao Z X, Xu Z Q, et al. New progress in continental scientific drilling and long-term geophysical observations in deep boreholes. Geological Bulletin of China (in Chinese),2004,23(8) :721-727
[70] Niu F L, Paul G Silver, Thomas M, et al. Preseismic velocity changes observed from active source monitoring at the Parkfield SAFOD drill site. Nature, 2008, 204-209
[71] 吴开统,岳明生,武宦英等.海城地震序列的特征.地球物理学报,1976,(2) :95-109 Wu K T, Yue M S, Wu H Y, et al. The characteristic features of the earthquake sequence in Haicheng. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese),1976, (2) :95-109
[72] Geller R J, Jackson D, Kagan Y. Earthquake cannot be predicted. Science, 1997, 275:1616-1617
[73] 黄永明,陈运泰.地震预报要知难而进.科技导报,2008,26(10) :19-21 Huang Y M, Chen Y T. Research
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心