震后灾民临时安置点传染病流行危险因素及防制对策
|
摘要
目的探讨震后灾民临时安置点传染病流行危险因素及防制对策。方法根据笔者在木瓜坪村灾民临时安置点近1个月的卫生防病工作情况,分析安置点存在的传染病流行危险因素:①人员高度集聚;②居住环境及居住条件差;③灾民体质和抵抗力下降;④饮食安全存在隐患;⑤饮用水水量、水质难以保障;⑥缺乏有效的传染病监测、报告体系。采取的防制措施:①建立传染病应急监测体系;②组织开展对安置点环境的清理和消杀工作;③对集中伙食点和饮用水实施跟踪保障;④恢复灾后免疫接种;⑤开展对灾后卫生防病知识的应急宣传。结果临时安置期间,木瓜坪村共有15名村民出现发热、腹泻或发热+腹泻症状,均为散发。未发生传染病疫情、食物中毒、饮水污染事故或其他突发公共卫生事件。结论①灾民临时安置阶段是传染病防控的关键时期;②该阶段的传染病防治必须采取综合防制措施;③建立应急传染病防制网络是灾后防病的重要措施。
[Objective]To discuss the existing risks factors of communicable disease for earthquake survivors in temporary shelters and preventive countermeasures.[Methods]The existing epidemiological risk factors of communicable disease in shelters was analyzed,according to the author's working experience of health supervision in temporary shelters in Muguaping illage for a month:①A crowded population;②Poor living conditions;③Decreasing Physique and resistance;④Risk in food;⑤Hard guarantee of the amount and quality of drinking water;⑥Lack of monitoring and reporting system on communicable disease.Prevention countermeasures:①The establishment of emergency system of monitoring communicable disease;②Carrying out environmental cleaning-up and disinfection;③Monitoring and ensuring the security of drinking water and centralized dining place;④Restoration of immunization;⑤Publicize the knowledge of communicable disease.[Results]During this period,15 villagers in Muguaping Village had symptoms of fever,diarrhea or both fever and diarrhea,all were sporadic cases.No epidemic of communicable disease,food poisoning,water pollution or other sudden public health incidents occurred.[Conclusion]①The period of temporary shelters is the critical period of preventing communicable disease;②Comprehensive prevention and control measures of communicable disease during this period must be carried out;③The establishment of infectious disease emergency control system is the important measure for disease prevention after disaster.
[Objective]To discuss the existing risks factors of communicable disease for earthquake survivors in temporary shelters and preventive countermeasures.[Methods]The existing epidemiological risk factors of communicable disease in shelters was analyzed,according to the author's working experience of health supervision in temporary shelters in Muguaping illage for a month:①A crowded population;②Poor living conditions;③Decreasing Physique and resistance;④Risk in food;⑤Hard guarantee of the amount and quality of drinking water;⑥Lack of monitoring and reporting system on communicable disease.Prevention countermeasures:①The establishment of emergency system of monitoring communicable disease;②Carrying out environmental cleaning-up and disinfection;③Monitoring and ensuring the security of drinking water and centralized dining place;④Restoration of immunization;⑤Publicize the knowledge of communicable disease.[Results]During this period,15 villagers in Muguaping Village had symptoms of fever,diarrhea or both fever and diarrhea,all were sporadic cases.No epidemic of communicable disease,food poisoning,water pollution or other sudden public health incidents occurred.[Conclusion]①The period of temporary shelters is the critical period of preventing communicable disease;②Comprehensive prevention and control measures of communicable disease during this period must be carried out;③The establishment of infectious disease emergency control system is the important measure for disease prevention after disaster.
引文
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心