汶川震后灾区中学生心理健康状况研究
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摘要
目的了解"5·12"汶川大地震后灾区中学生的心理健康状况及心理需求分析。方法选取汶川大地震后灾区的1所中学,采用自填问卷方式。对该中学20个班(毕业班除外)共980名中学生进行心理状况调查。结果中学生抑郁、焦虑和PTSD阳性率分别为35.4%、51.7%和44.3%,有42.7%的中学生主观上有心理咨询服务需求。女生在抑郁、焦虑、PTSD和心理咨询服务需求上高于男生。结论中学生中存在反映情绪障碍的心理问题。震后女生在心理影响程度和范围上均高于男生。应针对中学生的生理特点和心理需求情况,及时开展有效的心理疏导工作。
Objective To understand mental health status and analysis the mental support needs among middle school students in Wen chuan earthquake region.Method One middle school in the disaster region was selected and invited 980 students participated the investigation with CDI,SCARED and PTSD through self-questionnaire.Results The incidence rates of depression,anxiousty and PTSD were 35.4%,51.7% and 44.3% respectively.42.7% students reported the needs of mental service.The incidence rates of depression,anxiety and PTSD as well as reported mental service among girls were higher than among boys.Conclusion The incidence rates of depression,anxiousty and PTSD are indeed found higher among the students.The girls are heavily impacted compared with boys.Both of the reported and tested resutls imply that the mental services are needed among the students experienced the disaster.
Objective To understand mental health status and analysis the mental support needs among middle school students in Wen chuan earthquake region.Method One middle school in the disaster region was selected and invited 980 students participated the investigation with CDI,SCARED and PTSD through self-questionnaire.Results The incidence rates of depression,anxiousty and PTSD were 35.4%,51.7% and 44.3% respectively.42.7% students reported the needs of mental service.The incidence rates of depression,anxiety and PTSD as well as reported mental service among girls were higher than among boys.Conclusion The incidence rates of depression,anxiousty and PTSD are indeed found higher among the students.The girls are heavily impacted compared with boys.Both of the reported and tested resutls imply that the mental services are needed among the students experienced the disaster.
引文
[1]张敏,王振勇.中学生心理健康状况的调查分析[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2001(4):226.
[2]Kovacs M.The Children s Depression Inventory(CDI).Toronto,On-tario,Canada:Multi-Health Systems,Inc.1992.
[3]Chen X,Rubin KH,Li BS.Depressed mood in Chinese children:rela-tions with school performance and family environment[J].J Consulting Clinical Psychology,1995,63(6):938-947.
[4]Foundation C.Children s Revised Impact of Event Scale(CRIES-13).Retrieved April,2008,fromhttp://www.childrenandwar.org.2005.
[5]Smith P,Perrin S,Dyregrov A,et al.Principal components analysis of the impact of event scale with children in war[J].Personality Indi-vidual Differences,2003,34(2):315-322.
[6]Shannon MP,Lonigan Cj,Finch AJ,et al.Children exposed to disas-terⅠ.Epidemilogy of post traumatic symptoms and symptom profiles[J].J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry,1994,33(1):89-93.
[7]Wells VE Klerman GL,and Deykin EY.The prevalence of depressive symptoms in college students[J].Social Psychiatry,1987,22:20-28.
[8]Larsson B,Melin L.Depressive symptoms in Swedish adolescents[J].J Abnormal Child Psychology,1990,18(1):91-103.
[9]刘贤臣,郭传琴,于均乐,等.高中生抑郁情绪及其影响因素调查[J].中国心理卫生杂志,1999,5(1):24-26.
[10]刘贤臣,孙良民,唐茂芹,等.2462名青少年焦虑自评量表测查结果分析[J].中国心理卫生杂志,1997,1(2):75-77.
[11]American PsychiatryAssociation:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Men-tal Disorders[M].Fouth Edition(DSM-Ⅳ),Washington,1994:424-429.
[12]RabkinJ,Struenung EL.Life events,stress,and illnes[J].Science,1979,194:1013-1020.
[13]刘贤臣,王均乐.从生活事件与疾病看因果规律[J].医学与哲学,1988(5):40-41.
[14]Reinherz HZ,Paradis AD,Giaconia RM,et al.Childhood and adoles-cent predictors of major depression in the transition to adult-hood[J].Am J Psychiatry,2003,160(12):2141-2217.
[15]Canals J,Domenech LE,Fernandez BJ,et al.Predictors of depression at eighteen:A72year follow-up study in a Spanish nonclini-cal population[J].Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry,2002,11(5):226-233.
[16]Saluja G,Iachan R,Scheidt PC,et al.Prevalence and risk factors for depressive symptoms among young adolescents[J].Arch Pedi-atr Ado-lesc Med,2004,158(8):760-765.
[17]刑超,陶芳标.儿童青少年抑郁与健康危害行为的关联[J].中国学校卫生,2008,29(1):86-89.
[18]戴海崎.中学生心理焦虑的群体差异研究[J].中国心理卫生杂志,1996(5):222.
[19]孟协诚,葛阳.初中生焦虑情绪调查分析[J].中国校医,2003(3):223-224.
[20]赵红利.平顶山市农村初中生焦虑状况调查[J].中国学校卫生,2004(1):15-19.
[2]Kovacs M.The Children s Depression Inventory(CDI).Toronto,On-tario,Canada:Multi-Health Systems,Inc.1992.
[3]Chen X,Rubin KH,Li BS.Depressed mood in Chinese children:rela-tions with school performance and family environment[J].J Consulting Clinical Psychology,1995,63(6):938-947.
[4]Foundation C.Children s Revised Impact of Event Scale(CRIES-13).Retrieved April,2008,fromhttp://www.childrenandwar.org.2005.
[5]Smith P,Perrin S,Dyregrov A,et al.Principal components analysis of the impact of event scale with children in war[J].Personality Indi-vidual Differences,2003,34(2):315-322.
[6]Shannon MP,Lonigan Cj,Finch AJ,et al.Children exposed to disas-terⅠ.Epidemilogy of post traumatic symptoms and symptom profiles[J].J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry,1994,33(1):89-93.
[7]Wells VE Klerman GL,and Deykin EY.The prevalence of depressive symptoms in college students[J].Social Psychiatry,1987,22:20-28.
[8]Larsson B,Melin L.Depressive symptoms in Swedish adolescents[J].J Abnormal Child Psychology,1990,18(1):91-103.
[9]刘贤臣,郭传琴,于均乐,等.高中生抑郁情绪及其影响因素调查[J].中国心理卫生杂志,1999,5(1):24-26.
[10]刘贤臣,孙良民,唐茂芹,等.2462名青少年焦虑自评量表测查结果分析[J].中国心理卫生杂志,1997,1(2):75-77.
[11]American PsychiatryAssociation:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Men-tal Disorders[M].Fouth Edition(DSM-Ⅳ),Washington,1994:424-429.
[12]RabkinJ,Struenung EL.Life events,stress,and illnes[J].Science,1979,194:1013-1020.
[13]刘贤臣,王均乐.从生活事件与疾病看因果规律[J].医学与哲学,1988(5):40-41.
[14]Reinherz HZ,Paradis AD,Giaconia RM,et al.Childhood and adoles-cent predictors of major depression in the transition to adult-hood[J].Am J Psychiatry,2003,160(12):2141-2217.
[15]Canals J,Domenech LE,Fernandez BJ,et al.Predictors of depression at eighteen:A72year follow-up study in a Spanish nonclini-cal population[J].Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry,2002,11(5):226-233.
[16]Saluja G,Iachan R,Scheidt PC,et al.Prevalence and risk factors for depressive symptoms among young adolescents[J].Arch Pedi-atr Ado-lesc Med,2004,158(8):760-765.
[17]刑超,陶芳标.儿童青少年抑郁与健康危害行为的关联[J].中国学校卫生,2008,29(1):86-89.
[18]戴海崎.中学生心理焦虑的群体差异研究[J].中国心理卫生杂志,1996(5):222.
[19]孟协诚,葛阳.初中生焦虑情绪调查分析[J].中国校医,2003(3):223-224.
[20]赵红利.平顶山市农村初中生焦虑状况调查[J].中国学校卫生,2004(1):15-19.
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