灾害及灾后公共卫生服务的社会评估
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摘要
在汶川地震发生的初期,各级卫生机构做了大量的评估工作,但评估方式仍有很大的改进余地。灾后公共卫生服务评估可引入社会评估的模式,社会评估采用参与式方法,从当事人的视角出发为核心,以当事人确定的标准为主,并且通过对相关利益群体和机构的访谈,以及文件查阅等方式评估相关机构的工作效果及有关政策的影响。灾害初期的快速评估涉及的具体内容包括医疗健康服务、疾病防控服务、卫生设施服务、水供应服务、食品安全供应服务、临时安置点的卫生服务等。灾后重建过程中,社会评估可以应用于新建医疗机构和疾控体系恢复中,同时对重建组织开展社会评估。
At the early age subsequent to the Wenchuan earthquake, health organizations at all levels had done a lot for evaluation, but there still was room for much improvement to the method of evaluation. The social evaluation can be introduced to the evaluation of public health services. To the social evaluation, the participatory approach was adopted, the view of persons involved as the core, the standards of persons involved play a main role, and adopting the interview to the interest group, looking up related file to evaluate the work effects and the influence of related policy. The rapid evaluation at the early age subsequent to disaster can be included of medical services, disease control and prevention, health facilities, water supplies, food security, the health service in makeshift camp. In the process of post-disaster reconstruction, the social evaluation can be adopted to the evaluation on reconstruction of new medical institution, the rebuilt of disease control and prevention system. And the reconstruction organizations should also been evaluated by the method of social evaluation.
At the early age subsequent to the Wenchuan earthquake, health organizations at all levels had done a lot for evaluation, but there still was room for much improvement to the method of evaluation. The social evaluation can be introduced to the evaluation of public health services. To the social evaluation, the participatory approach was adopted, the view of persons involved as the core, the standards of persons involved play a main role, and adopting the interview to the interest group, looking up related file to evaluate the work effects and the influence of related policy. The rapid evaluation at the early age subsequent to disaster can be included of medical services, disease control and prevention, health facilities, water supplies, food security, the health service in makeshift camp. In the process of post-disaster reconstruction, the social evaluation can be adopted to the evaluation on reconstruction of new medical institution, the rebuilt of disease control and prevention system. And the reconstruction organizations should also been evaluated by the method of social evaluation.
引文
[1]董强.灾后性别影响的社会评估[J].四川省情,2009,9:7-9.
[2]李鹤.灾后公共服务社会评估[J].四川省情,2009,9:12-13.
[3]李小云.应该切实重视灾后社会评估工作[J].四川省情,2009,9:6-7.
[4]邓微杰.灾后重建的有效性与社会评估[J].四川省情,2009,9:14-15.
[5]冯晓梅,黎裕,王晓荣,等.重庆市黔江区影响农民参加新型农村合作医疗的因素社会评估报告[J].中国初级卫生保健,2005,19(5):60-63.
[6]许斌.灾区重建亟须社会评估参与[J].中国卫生,2008,7:60-61.
[2]李鹤.灾后公共服务社会评估[J].四川省情,2009,9:12-13.
[3]李小云.应该切实重视灾后社会评估工作[J].四川省情,2009,9:6-7.
[4]邓微杰.灾后重建的有效性与社会评估[J].四川省情,2009,9:14-15.
[5]冯晓梅,黎裕,王晓荣,等.重庆市黔江区影响农民参加新型农村合作医疗的因素社会评估报告[J].中国初级卫生保健,2005,19(5):60-63.
[6]许斌.灾区重建亟须社会评估参与[J].中国卫生,2008,7:60-61.
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