都江堰市震后安置点卫生状况及居民卫生服务需求
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摘要
目的分析都江堰市地震灾区不同阶段安置点环境卫生状况及居民卫生服务需求,对现阶段安置点防病工作提供建议,为灾民永久安置点建设提供经验和借鉴。方法分别在2008年6月、8月,2009年3月三次对都江堰市集中安置点进行资料收集、现场观察和问卷调查,采用系统抽样方法对永久安置点居民进行问卷调查,调查内容包括安置点卫生状况、卫生服务需求状况等。结果灾民集中安置经历帐篷聚集点、板房安置点、永久安置点3个阶段,安置点分散式供水人群比例由17.83%降至2.10%;安置点修建排污管网比例由62.38%上升至89.61%,再至100%;垃圾集中收运比例由76.64%上升至94.81%,再至100%;永久安置点居民需求度最高的医疗服务和防病知识分别为疾病诊治和防蚊、蝇、鼠知识和技能,分别为86.36%和65.91%。结论安置点卫生状况逐步好转,但仍存在一定缺陷,应定期对板房安置点进行卫生检查和宣传教育,卫生机构应参与灾后重建规划,并对已建成并入住安置点开展有针对性健康教育活动。
Objective To analyze the sanitation status of resettlements at different stages and residents’needs of health service,provide suggestion for the disease prevention work at present stage,and to provide experience and reference for the further construction of permanent allocations.Methods In June and August in 2008 and March in 2009,information collection,site observation,and questionnaire survey were conducted in resettlements in Dujiangyan.Needs of health service and degree of satisfaction was collected by the method of system sampling.Results The placement of victims included camps sites,Stockrooms settlements and permanent allocations 3 stages.The rate of population with decentralized water supply decreased from 17.83% to 2.10%.The rate of resettlements with foul drainage system rose from 62.38% to 89.61%,100% in permanent allocations.The rate of resettlements with Solid Waste Collection System increased from 76.64 to 94.81%,100% in permanent allocations.The diseases diagnosis and treatment was most desirable(86.36%) in health service,and the basic knowledge of mosquitoes,flies and mice prevention was most desirable(65.91%) in disease prevention.Conclusion The sanitation status has been improving gradually in resettlements,but there were some drawbacks.Health Institutions should inspect the sanitation statue and implement health education periodically in resettlements.Health Institutions should involve in the design of allocation rebuilding.The measures of health education should be implemented in the completed allocations.
Objective To analyze the sanitation status of resettlements at different stages and residents’needs of health service,provide suggestion for the disease prevention work at present stage,and to provide experience and reference for the further construction of permanent allocations.Methods In June and August in 2008 and March in 2009,information collection,site observation,and questionnaire survey were conducted in resettlements in Dujiangyan.Needs of health service and degree of satisfaction was collected by the method of system sampling.Results The placement of victims included camps sites,Stockrooms settlements and permanent allocations 3 stages.The rate of population with decentralized water supply decreased from 17.83% to 2.10%.The rate of resettlements with foul drainage system rose from 62.38% to 89.61%,100% in permanent allocations.The rate of resettlements with Solid Waste Collection System increased from 76.64 to 94.81%,100% in permanent allocations.The diseases diagnosis and treatment was most desirable(86.36%) in health service,and the basic knowledge of mosquitoes,flies and mice prevention was most desirable(65.91%) in disease prevention.Conclusion The sanitation status has been improving gradually in resettlements,but there were some drawbacks.Health Institutions should inspect the sanitation statue and implement health education periodically in resettlements.Health Institutions should involve in the design of allocation rebuilding.The measures of health education should be implemented in the completed allocations.
引文
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[5]李英华,钱玲,马昱,等.四川省绵阳市地震灾区居民临时安置点卫生状况及灾区居民健康教育需求调查[J].中国健康教育,2008,11:813-832.
[2]李辉,孙群,李景悦,等.什邡市师古镇灾民安置点公共卫生现况调查[J].中国公共卫生,2008,10(24):1159-1159.
[3]石国勇.地震灾后后防疫工作对策与思考[J].中国卫生,2008,7:95-96.
[4]缪晓辉,沈慧,陈国良.汶川大地震灾后卫生重建的思考[J].第二军医大学学报,2008,29(7):717-719.
[5]李英华,钱玲,马昱,等.四川省绵阳市地震灾区居民临时安置点卫生状况及灾区居民健康教育需求调查[J].中国健康教育,2008,11:813-832.
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