青少年学生创伤后应激障碍症状与个性特征相关性分析
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摘要
目的了解汶川地震后5个月都江堰青少年学生创伤后应激障碍症状发生情况及其与个性特征的关系。方法采用事件影响量表中文修订版(IES-R)及艾森克人格问卷(简称EPQ(成人版))对四川省都江堰市第一中学和都江堰中学等学校的472名青少年学生进行心理测评。结果在472名青少年学生中,出现创伤后应激障碍症状的有220人,占46.61%。女生与男生创伤后应激障碍症状发生情况的比较差异有统计学意义(高警觉因子t=-2.016,P<0.05);参与震后营救和未参与营救的同学所产生的创伤后应激障碍症状有显著差异(闯入因子t=2.054,P<0.05)。IES得分阳性的学生N分和P分明显高于IES得分阴性的学生,而E分明显低于IES得分阴性的学生。EPQ-N与IES的各因子之间呈显著正相关(r=0.369～0.522),EPQ-P与IES的高警觉因子呈显著正相关(r=0.057～0.153)。结论灾区青少年学生创伤后应激障碍症状的发生率较高,个性特征与创伤后应激障碍症状密切相关,具有精神质倾向、性格内向及情绪不稳定的个性特征者更容易出现创伤后应激障碍症状,应重视和关注灾区青少年学生的心理健康问题。
Objective To explore the correlation between the symptoms of PTSD and personality of adolescent students five months after Wenchuan earthquake.Methods The mental state of 472 students in Dujiangyan First Middle School and Dujiangyan Middle School were evaluated by Impact of Event Scale-Revised(IES-R)and Eysenck personality questionnaire(adult edition).Results The prevalence of PTSD symptoms in these students was 46.61%. There was a significant difference in the PTSD symptoms between schoolgirl and schoolboy (P=0.044).In the EPQ,the scores of N and P scale of positive IES of students were higher than that of negative IES of students(r=0.369~0.522,r=0.057~0.153).The scores of E and L scale were lower than that of negative IES of students.Correlative analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between each factors of IES and EPQ-N.Conclusion There was high incidence of PTSD symptoms of adolescent in disaster area .The level of mental health of students in disaster area is lower. The result of personality test suggests that students with character of introversion and instable emotion are prone to show PTSD symptoms. We must pay attention to the mental health of adolescent and psychological aiding of adolescent in disaster area.
Objective To explore the correlation between the symptoms of PTSD and personality of adolescent students five months after Wenchuan earthquake.Methods The mental state of 472 students in Dujiangyan First Middle School and Dujiangyan Middle School were evaluated by Impact of Event Scale-Revised(IES-R)and Eysenck personality questionnaire(adult edition).Results The prevalence of PTSD symptoms in these students was 46.61%. There was a significant difference in the PTSD symptoms between schoolgirl and schoolboy (P=0.044).In the EPQ,the scores of N and P scale of positive IES of students were higher than that of negative IES of students(r=0.369~0.522,r=0.057~0.153).The scores of E and L scale were lower than that of negative IES of students.Correlative analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between each factors of IES and EPQ-N.Conclusion There was high incidence of PTSD symptoms of adolescent in disaster area .The level of mental health of students in disaster area is lower. The result of personality test suggests that students with character of introversion and instable emotion are prone to show PTSD symptoms. We must pay attention to the mental health of adolescent and psychological aiding of adolescent in disaster area.
引文
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[11]John P B,Russell S,Russell P S.The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder among children and adolescents affected by tsunamidisaster in Tamil Nadu[J].Disaster Manag Response,2007,5(1):3-7
[12]廖强,张建新,付登金,等.汶川地震后1月成都市区中学生心理状况[J].预防医学情报杂志,2008,24(12):930-932
[13]赵承智,汪向东,王明山,等.地震后17个月受灾青少年PTSD及其相关因素[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2001,15(3):145-147
[14]Oflaz F,Hatipoglu S,Aydin H.Effectiveness of psychoeducation intervention on post-traumatic stress disorder and coping styles of earthquake survivors[J].J-Clin-Nurs,2008,17(5):77-87
[15]许敏,韩柏,唐荣华,等.山西省硕士新生心理健康状况与个性特征相关性分析[J].山西医科大学学报,2009,40(2):132-134
[2]Sharan P,Chaudhary G,Kavathekar S A,et al.Prelimi-nar report of psychiatric disorders in survivors of a severe earthquake[J].Am J Psychiatry,1996,153:556-558
[3]郭素然,辛自强,耿柳娜.事件影响量表修订版的信度和效度分析[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2007,15(1):15-17
[4]刘中国,卢祖询,徐勇,等.山西省SARS康复者创伤后应激障碍分析[J].中国公共卫生,2005,21(12):1457-1458
[5]Ursano R J,Fullerton C S,Kao T C,et al.Longitudinal assessment of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression after exposure to traumatic death[J].J Nerv Ment Dis,1995,183(1):36-42
[6]Sondergaard H P,Ekblad S,Theorell T.Screening for post-traumatic stress disorder among refugees in Stockholm[J].Nord J Psychiatry,2003,57(3):185-189
[7]Earls F,Smith E,Reich W,et al.Investigating psychopathological consequences of a disaster in children:a pilot study incorporating a structured diagnostic interview[J].J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry,1988,27:90-95
[8]Green B L,Korol M,Grace M C,et al.Children and disaster:age,gender and parental effects on PTSD symptoms[J].J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry1991,30:945-951
[9]Green B L,Lindy J D,Grace M C,et al.Chronic posttraumatic stress disorder and diagnostic co morbidity in a disaster sample[J].J Nerv Ment Dis,1992,180:760-7666
[10]Pynoos R S,Goenjian A,Tashjian M,et al.Post-traumatic stress reaction in children after the1988Armenian earthquake inarmenia[J].J Am Psychiatry,1994,151:895-901
[11]John P B,Russell S,Russell P S.The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder among children and adolescents affected by tsunamidisaster in Tamil Nadu[J].Disaster Manag Response,2007,5(1):3-7
[12]廖强,张建新,付登金,等.汶川地震后1月成都市区中学生心理状况[J].预防医学情报杂志,2008,24(12):930-932
[13]赵承智,汪向东,王明山,等.地震后17个月受灾青少年PTSD及其相关因素[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2001,15(3):145-147
[14]Oflaz F,Hatipoglu S,Aydin H.Effectiveness of psychoeducation intervention on post-traumatic stress disorder and coping styles of earthquake survivors[J].J-Clin-Nurs,2008,17(5):77-87
[15]许敏,韩柏,唐荣华,等.山西省硕士新生心理健康状况与个性特征相关性分析[J].山西医科大学学报,2009,40(2):132-134
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