近断层地震动作用下设计速度反应谱研究
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摘要
近断层地震动是一种特点明显且破坏力巨大的地面运动,其速度反应谱与远场地震动的速度反应谱有显著不同。本文从美国太平洋地震工程研究中心(PEER)强震数据库选取具有特定震级、震源机制、土层剪切波速和断层距的30条近断层地震记录作为输入;运用状态空间法,利用MATLAB进行地震动作用下单自由度体系的运动方程计算得到体系的速度反应谱;通过标准化、求均值的方法研究速度反应谱的特征;按照速度反应谱峰值对应的周期对所选的30条地震记录进行分组,并用分段线性拟合方法建立了设计速度反应谱;通过不同组的设计速度反应谱与速度反应谱平均值的对比,验证本文提出的设计速度反应谱的合理性。研究结果表明,近断层地震动下的速度反应谱谱形包括四个阶段;结构的阻尼比对速度反应谱的谱形没有影响,但是会影响速度反应谱的谱峰值,结构阻尼比不同时,两两比较后的最大相对误差为16.68%。
In recent years,several disastrous near-fault earthquakes,such as the Wenchuan earthquake in China,the Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan,the Kobe earthquake in Japan,and the Northridge earthquake in the United States,have occurred.A large amount of near-fault pulsetype earthquake data from all these earthquakes has been recorded,and has attracted close scrutiny and extensive research.This seismic record contains obvious long-period velocity pulses.Nearfault ground motions not only cause serious damage to buildings,but also cause slope instability and damage to infrastructure,These disasters have a serious impact on the economic infrastructure and safety of people.Therefore,understanding the response of structures to near-fault ground motions is necessary.This allows for more reliable and efficient seismic design.Different ground motion records contain different types of information such as peak acceleration,peak velocity,peak displacement,and duration of ground motions.Near-fault ground motions have prominent features and destructive force and their velocity response spectra are significantly different from the velocity response spectra of far-fault ground motions.This study used 30near-fault earthquake records from the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center's strong motion database;the records contain magnitude,fault mechanism,soil layer shear wave velocity,and fault distance information.First,a motion equation for a single degree-of-freedom system was established.Then,a state-space method and MATLAB was used to change the motion equation to a state equation.Next the equation was solved to obtain the velocity response of a single degree-of-freedom system and based on the velocity response,the velocity response spectra of the single degree-of-freedom system was obtained.Because the velocity response is related to the acceleration response and the displacement response,the velocity response of structures are analyzed in the present study.The features of the velocity response spectra were obtained by normalizing and averaging,and then the 30near-fault earthquake records selected from the PEER strong motion database were divided into different groups based on the period corresponding to the peak velocity.A velocity design spectra was established using apiecewise linear fitting method.The reasonableness of the velocity design spectra was verified by comparing the velocity design spectra and the velocity average spectra of different groups.The results show that the velocity response spectra of near-fault ground motions consist of four stages:ascent segment,peak segment,depression segment,and horizontal segment.The damping ratio of the structure has no influence on the spectral shape of the velocity response spectra,but the damping ratio of the structure can affect the spectra peak of the velocity response spectra.When the damping ratio of the structure is different,the maximum relative error of the velocity response spectra peak is 16.68%after pairwise comparison.
In recent years,several disastrous near-fault earthquakes,such as the Wenchuan earthquake in China,the Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan,the Kobe earthquake in Japan,and the Northridge earthquake in the United States,have occurred.A large amount of near-fault pulsetype earthquake data from all these earthquakes has been recorded,and has attracted close scrutiny and extensive research.This seismic record contains obvious long-period velocity pulses.Nearfault ground motions not only cause serious damage to buildings,but also cause slope instability and damage to infrastructure,These disasters have a serious impact on the economic infrastructure and safety of people.Therefore,understanding the response of structures to near-fault ground motions is necessary.This allows for more reliable and efficient seismic design.Different ground motion records contain different types of information such as peak acceleration,peak velocity,peak displacement,and duration of ground motions.Near-fault ground motions have prominent features and destructive force and their velocity response spectra are significantly different from the velocity response spectra of far-fault ground motions.This study used 30near-fault earthquake records from the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center's strong motion database;the records contain magnitude,fault mechanism,soil layer shear wave velocity,and fault distance information.First,a motion equation for a single degree-of-freedom system was established.Then,a state-space method and MATLAB was used to change the motion equation to a state equation.Next the equation was solved to obtain the velocity response of a single degree-of-freedom system and based on the velocity response,the velocity response spectra of the single degree-of-freedom system was obtained.Because the velocity response is related to the acceleration response and the displacement response,the velocity response of structures are analyzed in the present study.The features of the velocity response spectra were obtained by normalizing and averaging,and then the 30near-fault earthquake records selected from the PEER strong motion database were divided into different groups based on the period corresponding to the peak velocity.A velocity design spectra was established using apiecewise linear fitting method.The reasonableness of the velocity design spectra was verified by comparing the velocity design spectra and the velocity average spectra of different groups.The results show that the velocity response spectra of near-fault ground motions consist of four stages:ascent segment,peak segment,depression segment,and horizontal segment.The damping ratio of the structure has no influence on the spectral shape of the velocity response spectra,but the damping ratio of the structure can affect the spectra peak of the velocity response spectra.When the damping ratio of the structure is different,the maximum relative error of the velocity response spectra peak is 16.68%after pairwise comparison.
引文
[1]宋健,高广运,陈青生,等.近断层地震动作用下土质边坡动力响应研究[J].地震工程学报,2013,35(1):62-68.SONG Jian,GAO Guang-yun,CHEN Qing-sheng,et al.Dynamic Response of Soil Slope under Near-fault Ground Motions[J].China Earthquake Engineering Journal,2013,35(1):62-68.(in Chinese)
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[9]李明,谢礼立,翟长海,等.近断层地震动区域的划分[J].地震工程与工程振动,2009,29(5):20-25.LI Ming,XIE Li-li,ZHAI Chang-hai,et al.Scope Division of Near-Fault Ground Motion[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2009,29(5):20-25.(in Chinese)
[10]韩淼,段燕玲,孙欢,等.近断层地震动特征参数对基础隔震结构地震响应的影响分析[J].土木工程学报,2013,46(6):8-13.HAN Miao,DUAN Yan-ling,SUN Huan,et al.Influence of Characteristics Parameters of Near-fault Ground Motions on the Seismic Responses of Base-isolated Structures[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2013,46(6):8-13.(in Chinese)
[11]Anil k Chopra,著.谢礼立,吕大刚,等.结构动力学理论及其在地震工程中的应用[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2013:141-177.Anil K Chopra,Editor.XIE Li-li,LV Da-gang,et al.Theory and Applications to Earthquake Engineering[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2013:141-177.(in Chinese)
[12]李爱群,丁幼亮.工程结构抗震分析[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2010:73-78.LI Ai-qun,DING You-liang.Analysis of Earthquake Resistance of Engineering Structures[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2010:73-78.(in Chinese)
[13]杜永峰,张尚荣,李慧.多级串联非比例阻尼隔震结构地震响应分析[J].西北地震学报,2012,34(4):319-323.DU Yong-feng,ZHANG Shang-rong,LI Hui.Seismic Response Analysis on Multistage Series Non-proportion Damping Isolated Structure[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2012,34(4):319-323.(in Chinese)
[2]胡聿贤.地震工程学[M].北京:地震出版社,1988:177.HU Yi-xian.Earthquake Engineering[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1988:177.(in Chinese)
[3]李杰,李国强.地震工程学导论[M].北京:地震出版社,1993:46-48.LI Jie,LI Guo-qiang.Earthquake Engineering Introduction[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1993:46-48.(in Chinese)
[4]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.建筑抗震设计规范(GB50011-2010)[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010.Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development of PRC.Code for Seismic Design of Buildings(GB50011-2010)[S].Beijin:China Architecture Building Press,2010.(in Chinese)
[5]李慧,王亚楠,杜永峰,等.近场脉冲型地震动作用下设计位移反应谱的研究[J].中南大学学报,(已录待刊).LI Hui,WANG Ya-nan,DU Yong-feng,et al.Displacement Design Spectra for Near-fault Pulse-type Ground Motions[J].Journal of Central South University,(in Press).(in Chinese)
[6]裴星洙,王维,王星星.基于能量原理的隔震结构地震响应预测法研究[J].工程力学,2011,28(7):65-72.PEI Xing-zhu,WANG Wei,WANG Xing-xing.Earthquake Response Prediction of Isolated Structures Based on Energy Principle[J].Engineering Mechanics,2011,28(7):65-72.(in Chinese)
[7]叶献国,许政.钢筋混凝土框架结构基于能量响应的地震反应分析[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2010.YE Xian-guo,XU Zheng.Energy Based Seismic Response of RC Frame Structures[D].Hefei:Hefei University of Technology,2010.(in Chinese)
[8]Housner G.Limit Design of Structure to Resist Esrthquake[C]//Proceedings of the 1st World Conference on Earthquake Engineering.1956:1-12.
[9]李明,谢礼立,翟长海,等.近断层地震动区域的划分[J].地震工程与工程振动,2009,29(5):20-25.LI Ming,XIE Li-li,ZHAI Chang-hai,et al.Scope Division of Near-Fault Ground Motion[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2009,29(5):20-25.(in Chinese)
[10]韩淼,段燕玲,孙欢,等.近断层地震动特征参数对基础隔震结构地震响应的影响分析[J].土木工程学报,2013,46(6):8-13.HAN Miao,DUAN Yan-ling,SUN Huan,et al.Influence of Characteristics Parameters of Near-fault Ground Motions on the Seismic Responses of Base-isolated Structures[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2013,46(6):8-13.(in Chinese)
[11]Anil k Chopra,著.谢礼立,吕大刚,等.结构动力学理论及其在地震工程中的应用[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2013:141-177.Anil K Chopra,Editor.XIE Li-li,LV Da-gang,et al.Theory and Applications to Earthquake Engineering[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2013:141-177.(in Chinese)
[12]李爱群,丁幼亮.工程结构抗震分析[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2010:73-78.LI Ai-qun,DING You-liang.Analysis of Earthquake Resistance of Engineering Structures[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2010:73-78.(in Chinese)
[13]杜永峰,张尚荣,李慧.多级串联非比例阻尼隔震结构地震响应分析[J].西北地震学报,2012,34(4):319-323.DU Yong-feng,ZHANG Shang-rong,LI Hui.Seismic Response Analysis on Multistage Series Non-proportion Damping Isolated Structure[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2012,34(4):319-323.(in Chinese)
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