天然气水合物储层地震波振幅属性研究
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摘要
以实际水合物存在的美国布莱克海台地震数据为例,利用地震剖面中4个层位(海底层、水合物顶层、水合物层和游离气层)地震数据进行了地震属性的提取及属性分析,研究了各层位的属性特征。结果表明:均方根振幅、平均绝对振幅、平均能量变化、振幅峰态、绝对振幅积分、总能量、功率谱最大值、有限带宽能量等8种属性值在各层位的分布情况基本相同,即海底最高,其余依次是水合物层、游离气层和水合物顶层,可区分出水合物层和游离气层。由此,通过对比各层位的振幅属性值,可以指示天然气水合物的存在,为水合物识别及其开采提供参考依据。
This paper took the seismic data of the actual hydrate existence in American Blake Ridge as an example.By using seismic data in the four layers,namely the sea bottom layer,the top layer of hydrate,the hydrate layer and the free gas layer in seismic section,the seismic attribute extraction was analyzed,and attribute characteristics of every layer was studied.The results showed that eight attributes characteristics in four layers,namely root of mean square amplitude,mean absolute amplitude,mean energy amplitude,variation kurtosis,absolute amplitude integration,total energy,maximum of the power spectrum and the energy in limited band,were similar,and that the attributes in the sea bottom layer were the highest,and decreased in due order in the hydrate layer,the free gas layer and the top layer of hydrate.The hydrate layer and the free gas layer could obviously be distinguished.Therefore,the existence of gas hydrate was indicated by comparing the amplitude attribute values of every layer,and it offered a valuable reference for the hydrate recognition and exploitation.
This paper took the seismic data of the actual hydrate existence in American Blake Ridge as an example.By using seismic data in the four layers,namely the sea bottom layer,the top layer of hydrate,the hydrate layer and the free gas layer in seismic section,the seismic attribute extraction was analyzed,and attribute characteristics of every layer was studied.The results showed that eight attributes characteristics in four layers,namely root of mean square amplitude,mean absolute amplitude,mean energy amplitude,variation kurtosis,absolute amplitude integration,total energy,maximum of the power spectrum and the energy in limited band,were similar,and that the attributes in the sea bottom layer were the highest,and decreased in due order in the hydrate layer,the free gas layer and the top layer of hydrate.The hydrate layer and the free gas layer could obviously be distinguished.Therefore,the existence of gas hydrate was indicated by comparing the amplitude attribute values of every layer,and it offered a valuable reference for the hydrate recognition and exploitation.
引文
[1]张永勤.国外天然气水合物勘探现状及我国水合物勘探进展[J].探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程),2010,37(10):1-8.
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[17]黄兴文,陈建阳,于兴河,等.然气水合物的地震识别方法及研究趋势[J].天然气工业,2005,25(3):58-60.
[18]徐华宁,梁蓓雯,张光学,等.南海北部陆坡天然气水合物地震识别研究[J].天然气工业,2006,26(9):49-51.
[19]刘学伟,李敏锋.张聿文天然气水合物地震响应研究——中国南海HD152测线应用实例[J].现代地质,2005,19(1):33-38.
[20]李敏锋,刘学伟,白杰,等.天然气水合物层和游离气层的地震反演识别——布莱克海台USGS9521测线应用实例[J].现代地质,2007,21(1):105-110.
[21]曹辉.地震属性应用中几个关键问题的探讨[J].石油物探,2004,43(增刊):1-3.
[22]庄东海.地震属性技术与四维地震方法研究及应用[D].北京:中国地质大学,1999.
[23]邹才能,张颖.油气勘探开发实用地震新技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002.
[24]胡广书.现代信号处理教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004:155-157.
[25]李敏锋,李灿苹,刘学伟,等.基于连续小波变换的天然气水合物层地震数据多尺度分析——布莱克海台USGS9521测线应用实例[J].现代地质,2006,20(1):109-114.
[2]张俊霞,任建业.天然气水合物研究中的几个重要问题[J].地质科技情报,2001,20(1):44-48.
[3]胡中平,孙建国,赵群.利用地震方法识别天然气水合物[J].勘探地球物理进展,2002,25(6):23-26.
[4]Holbrook W S,Hoshing H,Wood W T,et al.The leg 164 Science seismic profiling[J].Science,1996,273(5):1 840-1 843.
[5]Karin A,Patrick E H,Mary M.Amplitude versus of f set modeling of the bottom simulating reflect ion associated with submarine gas hydrates[J].Marine Geology,1997,137(1):25-40.
[6]Dai J C,Xu H B,Fred S,e t al.Detection and estimation of gas hydrates using rock physics and seismic inversion:Examples from the northern deep water Gulf of Mexico[J].The leading edge,2004,23(1):60-70.
[7]宋海斌,江为为,张文生,等.天然气水合物的海洋地球物理研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,2002,17(2):224-229.
[8]Singh S C,Minshull T A,Spence C D.velocity structure of a gas hydrate reflector[J].Science,1993,260(1):204-207.
[9]Singh S C,Minshull T A.Velocity structure of a gas hydrate reflect or at Ocean Drilling Program site 889 from a global seismic waveform inversion[J].J Geophysics Res,1994,99(6):24 221-24 233.
[10]Lu S M,George A M.Estimation of gas hydrate and free gas saturation,concentration,and distribution from seismic data[J].Geophysics,2002,67(2):582-593.
[11]张聿文,刘学伟,金玉洁.含天然气水合物地层的速度和衰减研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(2):205-214.
[12]Lu S M,George A M.Elastic impedance inversion of multi-channel seismic data from unconsolidated sediments containing gas hydrate and free gas[J].Geophysics,2004,69(1):164-179.
[13]Hato M,Matsuoka T,Inamori T,et al.Detection of methane hydrate bearing zones using seismic attributes analysis[J].The leading edge,2006,25(5):607-609.
[14]Milo M B,Paul E M,Bob A H,et al.High resolution multi-component seismic imaging of deep water gas hydrate systems[J].The leading edge,2006,25(5):578-596.
[15]Fin k C P,Spence C d.Hydrate distribution off Vancouuver Island from Multifrequency single channel seismic reflection data[J].J Geophys Res,1999,104(5):2 909-2-922.
[16]王秀娟,吴时国,徐宁.地震属性参数在识别天然气水合物和游离气分布模式中的应用[J].海洋与湖沼,2006,37(5):271-279.
[17]黄兴文,陈建阳,于兴河,等.然气水合物的地震识别方法及研究趋势[J].天然气工业,2005,25(3):58-60.
[18]徐华宁,梁蓓雯,张光学,等.南海北部陆坡天然气水合物地震识别研究[J].天然气工业,2006,26(9):49-51.
[19]刘学伟,李敏锋.张聿文天然气水合物地震响应研究——中国南海HD152测线应用实例[J].现代地质,2005,19(1):33-38.
[20]李敏锋,刘学伟,白杰,等.天然气水合物层和游离气层的地震反演识别——布莱克海台USGS9521测线应用实例[J].现代地质,2007,21(1):105-110.
[21]曹辉.地震属性应用中几个关键问题的探讨[J].石油物探,2004,43(增刊):1-3.
[22]庄东海.地震属性技术与四维地震方法研究及应用[D].北京:中国地质大学,1999.
[23]邹才能,张颖.油气勘探开发实用地震新技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002.
[24]胡广书.现代信号处理教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004:155-157.
[25]李敏锋,李灿苹,刘学伟,等.基于连续小波变换的天然气水合物层地震数据多尺度分析——布莱克海台USGS9521测线应用实例[J].现代地质,2006,20(1):109-114.
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