玉树震后半年灾区小学生的创伤后应激障碍及抑郁症状评估
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摘要
目的:了解玉树震后半年时灾区小学生的创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)和抑郁症状。方法:玉树灾区某小学845名4-6年级的小学生完成了加州大学创伤后应激障碍反应指数修改版(UCLA PTSD Reaction Index)和流调中心儿童抑郁量表(CES-DC)。结果:①PTSD的筛查阳性率为12.5%,闯入症状表现最明显(67.3%)。②抑郁症状阳性率达61.7%,主要表现为积极情绪缺乏。③女生的PTSD检出率高于男生;5年级学生的抑郁阳性率高于4年级和6年级;曾目睹亲人死亡的学生PTSD检出率和抑郁阳性率都高于未曾目睹亲人死亡的学生。结论:玉树地震后灾区小学生创伤后应激障碍和抑郁检出率都较高,应特别关注女生、5年级学生和曾目睹亲人死亡的学生。
Objective: To investigate the Post Traumatic Disorder(PSTD) and Depressive symptoms among survived children six-month after the Yushu Earthquake.Methods: 845 children in grade 4 to 6 completed the Chinese version of UCLA PTSD Reaction Index for DSM-IV,Revision 1 and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale for Children(CES-DC).Results: ①The prevalence of probable PTSD was 12.5%,and the intrusion was the most obvious dimension(67.3%).②61.7 percents of students exhibited depression symptoms(CES-DC≥20),especially lack of positive affection.③Girls' prevalence of PTSD was significantly higher than boys';students in grade 5's prevalence of depression was significantly higher than those in grade 4 and 6;those who witnessed death of family member had a significant higher prevalence of both PTSD and depression than those who didn't.Conclusion: Prevalence of both PTSD and depression is relatively high and differs among students with different traits.We should pay attention to girls,students in grade 5,and those who witnessed family member's death during the post-earthquake psychological assistance.
Objective: To investigate the Post Traumatic Disorder(PSTD) and Depressive symptoms among survived children six-month after the Yushu Earthquake.Methods: 845 children in grade 4 to 6 completed the Chinese version of UCLA PTSD Reaction Index for DSM-IV,Revision 1 and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale for Children(CES-DC).Results: ①The prevalence of probable PTSD was 12.5%,and the intrusion was the most obvious dimension(67.3%).②61.7 percents of students exhibited depression symptoms(CES-DC≥20),especially lack of positive affection.③Girls' prevalence of PTSD was significantly higher than boys';students in grade 5's prevalence of depression was significantly higher than those in grade 4 and 6;those who witnessed death of family member had a significant higher prevalence of both PTSD and depression than those who didn't.Conclusion: Prevalence of both PTSD and depression is relatively high and differs among students with different traits.We should pay attention to girls,students in grade 5,and those who witnessed family member's death during the post-earthquake psychological assistance.
引文
1李春秋,柳铭心,王力,史占彪.北川极重灾区小学生地震后创伤症状评估.中国临床心理学杂志,2010,18(1):66-68
2董小燕,赵品良,史占彪.5.12地震一年后北川灾区8-14岁儿童创伤症状及相关因素.中国临床心理学杂志,2010,18(6):753-755
3 Bal A.Post-traumatic stress disorder in Turkish child andadolescent survivors three years after the Marmara earth-quake.Child and Adolescent Mental Health,2008,13(3):134-139
4张本,张凤阁,王丽萍,于振剑,等.30年后唐山地震所致孤儿创伤后应激障碍现患率调查.中国心理卫生杂志,2008,22(6):469-473
5 Steinberg AM,Brymer MJ,Decker KB,Pynoos RS.The un-iversity of california at Los Angeles post-traumatic stressdisorder reaction index.Current Psychiatry Reports,2004,6(2):96-100
6 Li HCW,Chung OKJ,Ho KY.Center for epidemiologicstudies depression scale for children:Psychometric testingof the Chinese version.Journal of Advanced Nursing,2010,66(11):2582-2591
7陈祉妍,杨小冬,李新影.我国儿童青少年研究中的抑郁自评工具(综述).中国心理卫生杂志,2007,21(6):389-392
8向莹君,熊国玉,董毅强,马道川,等.汶川地震灾区1960名中学生创伤后应激障碍症状调查.中国心理卫生杂志,2010,1:17-20
9辛玖岭,祝卓宏,王力,张雨青,等.汶川地震重灾区青少年创伤后应激障碍及其相关因素.中国临床心理学杂志,2010,18(1):63-66
10孙宇理,朱莉琪.地震后儿童创伤后应激障碍的影响因素(综述).中国心理卫生杂志,2009,23(4):270-274
11贺婕,徐莎莎,祝卓宏,等.汶川地震后青少年PTSD症状及其相关因素研究.中国临床心理学杂志,2011,19(1):103-105
12苏林雁,王凯,朱焱,等.儿童抑郁障碍自评量表的中国城市常模.中国心理卫生杂志,2003,17(8):547-549
13赵高锋,杨彦春,张强,等.汶川地震极重灾区社区居民创伤后应激障碍发生率及影响因素.中国心理卫生杂志,2009,23(7):478-483
14索甲仁波切.西藏生死书.北京:中国计量出版社,2004.10-24
2董小燕,赵品良,史占彪.5.12地震一年后北川灾区8-14岁儿童创伤症状及相关因素.中国临床心理学杂志,2010,18(6):753-755
3 Bal A.Post-traumatic stress disorder in Turkish child andadolescent survivors three years after the Marmara earth-quake.Child and Adolescent Mental Health,2008,13(3):134-139
4张本,张凤阁,王丽萍,于振剑,等.30年后唐山地震所致孤儿创伤后应激障碍现患率调查.中国心理卫生杂志,2008,22(6):469-473
5 Steinberg AM,Brymer MJ,Decker KB,Pynoos RS.The un-iversity of california at Los Angeles post-traumatic stressdisorder reaction index.Current Psychiatry Reports,2004,6(2):96-100
6 Li HCW,Chung OKJ,Ho KY.Center for epidemiologicstudies depression scale for children:Psychometric testingof the Chinese version.Journal of Advanced Nursing,2010,66(11):2582-2591
7陈祉妍,杨小冬,李新影.我国儿童青少年研究中的抑郁自评工具(综述).中国心理卫生杂志,2007,21(6):389-392
8向莹君,熊国玉,董毅强,马道川,等.汶川地震灾区1960名中学生创伤后应激障碍症状调查.中国心理卫生杂志,2010,1:17-20
9辛玖岭,祝卓宏,王力,张雨青,等.汶川地震重灾区青少年创伤后应激障碍及其相关因素.中国临床心理学杂志,2010,18(1):63-66
10孙宇理,朱莉琪.地震后儿童创伤后应激障碍的影响因素(综述).中国心理卫生杂志,2009,23(4):270-274
11贺婕,徐莎莎,祝卓宏,等.汶川地震后青少年PTSD症状及其相关因素研究.中国临床心理学杂志,2011,19(1):103-105
12苏林雁,王凯,朱焱,等.儿童抑郁障碍自评量表的中国城市常模.中国心理卫生杂志,2003,17(8):547-549
13赵高锋,杨彦春,张强,等.汶川地震极重灾区社区居民创伤后应激障碍发生率及影响因素.中国心理卫生杂志,2009,23(7):478-483
14索甲仁波切.西藏生死书.北京:中国计量出版社,2004.10-24
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