青少年创伤后应激障碍症状与父母教养方式的关系:心理弹性的中介作用
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摘要
目的:考察汶川地震后青少年创伤后应激障碍症状与父母教养方式、心理弹性的关系。方法:震后18个月,采用创伤后应激障碍自评量表、心理弹性量表、父母教养方式问卷、自编一般人口学及地震暴露情况调查表,对都江堰地区规模最大的某高中的二年级学生进行调查,收回有效问卷984份。结果:都江堰地区青少年震后18个月PTSD症状的检出率为13.3%,在性别、是否独生子女及不同地震暴露程度间存在显著差异;心理弹性在父母关怀、父母过度保护与PTSD症状之间存在部分中介作用,中介效应占总效应的比例分别为25.6%、15.6%,心理弹性在父母冷漠与PTSD症状之间存在完全中介作用。结论:父母对孩子较多的关怀和较少的控制干涉有利于培养青少年的心理弹性,对震后PTSD症状具有保护作用。
Objective: To explore the relationship among parenting styles,resilience and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in adolescent survivors of Wenchuan earthquake.Methods: 18 months after Wenchuan earthquake,a total of 984 adolescents from 11th grade in Dujiangyan district participated in the study.Students were sampled to fill out the Self-Rating Scale for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder,Resilience Scale,Parental Bonding Instrument and a self-made general demographic and earthquake exposure questionnaire.Results: The prevalence of PTSD symptoms was 13.3%,higher in girls than in boys(t=-3.21,P<0.001),and higher in non-only-child than in only-child family(t=-2.14,P<0.05);there were significant differences among experienced different earthquake exposure degrees;resilience could partially mediate the relationship between care of parents and PTSD,could partially mediate the relationship between overprotection of parents and PTSD,and could fully mediate the relationship between indifference of parents and PTSD.Conclusion: Higher parental care and lower parental overprotection contribute to increasing resilience and thus protecting adolescents from posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms.
Objective: To explore the relationship among parenting styles,resilience and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in adolescent survivors of Wenchuan earthquake.Methods: 18 months after Wenchuan earthquake,a total of 984 adolescents from 11th grade in Dujiangyan district participated in the study.Students were sampled to fill out the Self-Rating Scale for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder,Resilience Scale,Parental Bonding Instrument and a self-made general demographic and earthquake exposure questionnaire.Results: The prevalence of PTSD symptoms was 13.3%,higher in girls than in boys(t=-3.21,P<0.001),and higher in non-only-child than in only-child family(t=-2.14,P<0.05);there were significant differences among experienced different earthquake exposure degrees;resilience could partially mediate the relationship between care of parents and PTSD,could partially mediate the relationship between overprotection of parents and PTSD,and could fully mediate the relationship between indifference of parents and PTSD.Conclusion: Higher parental care and lower parental overprotection contribute to increasing resilience and thus protecting adolescents from posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms.
引文
1 Pynoos RS,Goenjian A,Tashjian M,et al.Post-traumaticstress reaction in children after the 1988 Armenian earth-quake in Armenia.The British Journal of Psychiatry,1993,163(2):239-247
2赵丞智,李俊福,王明山,等.地震后17个月受灾青少年PTSD及其相关因素.中国心理卫生杂志,2001,15(3):146-147
3刘斌志.汶川地震灾后青少年心理重建的研究综述.青年探索,2011,2:81-85
4凌辉,朱溆湘,李新利,等.大学生自我同一性与父母教养方式的关系研究.中国临床心理学杂志,2010,18(6):786-791
5 Brand S,Hatzinger M,Beck J,et al.Perceived parentingstyles,personality traits and sleep patterns in adolescents.Journal of Adolescence,2009,32:1189-1207
6 Wagner BM,Cohen P,Brook JS.Parent/adolescent relation-ships—moderators of the effect of stressful life events.Jour-nal of Adolescent Research,1996,11:347-374
7 Luthar SS,Cicchetti D,Becker B.The construct of resili-ence:A critical evaluation and guidelines for future work.Child Development,2000,71(3):543-562
8 Richardson GE.The metatheory of resilience and resiliency.Journal of Clinical Psychology,2002,58(3):307-321
9曾守锤,李其维.儿童心理弹性发展的研究综述.心理科学,2003,26:1091-1094
10 Zakeri H,Jowkar B,Razmjoee M.Parenting styles and re-silience.Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences,2010,5:1067-497
11 Ahmad S,Feder A,Lee EJ,et al.Earthquake impact in aremote South Asian population:Psychosocial factors andposttraumatic symptoms.Journal of Traumatic Stress,2010,23(3):408-412
12柳武妹,范方,郑裕鸿,等.震后6个月都江堰地区青少年创伤后应激症状及相关因素.中国心理卫生杂志,2010,24(9):647-651
13 Zhang Y,Kong F,Wang L,et al.Mental health and copingstyles of children and adolescent survivors one year after the2008 Chinese earthquake.Children and Youth Services Re-view,2010,32(10):1403-1409
14 Wang X,Gao L,Shinfuku N,et al.Longitudinal study ofearthquake-related PTSD in a randomly selected communitysample in North China.The American Joural of Psychiatry,2000,157(8):1260-1266
15刘贤臣,马登岱,刘连启.心理创伤后应激障碍自评量表的编制和信度效度研究.中国行为医学科学,1998,7(2):93-96
16 Wagnild,Gail M,Young,et al.Development and psycho-metric evaluation of the resilience scale.Journal of NursingMeasurement,1993,1(2):165-178
17范方.留守儿童焦虑/抑郁情绪的心理社会因素及心理弹性发展方案初步研究.中南大学博士论文,2008
18 Parker G,Hilary T,Brown LB.Parental Bonding Instrument(PBI)http://www.blackdoginstitute.org.au/
19 Liu J,Li L,Fan F.Psychometric properties of the Chineseversion of the parental bonding instrument.InternationalJournal of Nursing Studies,2011,48(5):582-589
20 Nygren B,Randstrom KB,Lejonklou AK et al.Reliabilityand validity of a Swedish language version of the resiliencescale.Journal of Nursing Measurement,2004,12(3):169-178
21 Kaniasty K,Norris FH.Longitudinal linkages between per-ceived social support and posttraumatic stress symptoms:Sequential roles of social causation and social selection.Journal of Traumatic Stress,2008,21(3):274-281
22范方,柳武妹,郑裕鸿,等.震后6个月都江堰地区青少年心理问题及影响因素.中国临床心理学杂志,2010,18(1):56-59
23 Chen CH,Tan HKL,Liao LR,et al.Long-term psychologi-cal outcome of 1999 Taiwan earthquake survivors:A surveyof a high-risk sample with property damage.ComprehensivePsychiatry,2007,48:269-275
24刘苓,陈蕴.独生与非独生子女初中生的心理特征及家庭精神环境比较.中国健康心理学杂志,2011,19(11):1355-1357
25曾庆,陈英.大学新生自我同一性及心理健康状况分析.中国临床心理学杂志,2011,19(4):546-547,550
26 Thienkrua W,Cardozo BL,Chakkraband ML,et al.Symp-toms of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression amongchildren in tsunami-affected areas in southern Thailand.Journal of the American Medical Association,2006,296(5):549-559
27 Kolaitis G,Kotsopoulos J,Tsiantis J,et al.Posttraumaticstress reactions among children following the Athens earth-quake of September 1999.Eur child Adolesc Psychiatry,2003,12(6):273-280
28 Pietrzak RH,Johnson DC,Goldstein MB,et al.Psychologi-cal resilience and postdeployment social support protectagainst traumatic stress and depressive symptoms in soldiersreturning from operations enduring freedom and Iraqi free-dom.Depression and Anxiety,2009,26(8):745-751
29 Chorpita BF,Barlow DH.The development of anxiety:Therole of control in the early environment.Psychol Bull,1998,124(1):3-21
2赵丞智,李俊福,王明山,等.地震后17个月受灾青少年PTSD及其相关因素.中国心理卫生杂志,2001,15(3):146-147
3刘斌志.汶川地震灾后青少年心理重建的研究综述.青年探索,2011,2:81-85
4凌辉,朱溆湘,李新利,等.大学生自我同一性与父母教养方式的关系研究.中国临床心理学杂志,2010,18(6):786-791
5 Brand S,Hatzinger M,Beck J,et al.Perceived parentingstyles,personality traits and sleep patterns in adolescents.Journal of Adolescence,2009,32:1189-1207
6 Wagner BM,Cohen P,Brook JS.Parent/adolescent relation-ships—moderators of the effect of stressful life events.Jour-nal of Adolescent Research,1996,11:347-374
7 Luthar SS,Cicchetti D,Becker B.The construct of resili-ence:A critical evaluation and guidelines for future work.Child Development,2000,71(3):543-562
8 Richardson GE.The metatheory of resilience and resiliency.Journal of Clinical Psychology,2002,58(3):307-321
9曾守锤,李其维.儿童心理弹性发展的研究综述.心理科学,2003,26:1091-1094
10 Zakeri H,Jowkar B,Razmjoee M.Parenting styles and re-silience.Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences,2010,5:1067-497
11 Ahmad S,Feder A,Lee EJ,et al.Earthquake impact in aremote South Asian population:Psychosocial factors andposttraumatic symptoms.Journal of Traumatic Stress,2010,23(3):408-412
12柳武妹,范方,郑裕鸿,等.震后6个月都江堰地区青少年创伤后应激症状及相关因素.中国心理卫生杂志,2010,24(9):647-651
13 Zhang Y,Kong F,Wang L,et al.Mental health and copingstyles of children and adolescent survivors one year after the2008 Chinese earthquake.Children and Youth Services Re-view,2010,32(10):1403-1409
14 Wang X,Gao L,Shinfuku N,et al.Longitudinal study ofearthquake-related PTSD in a randomly selected communitysample in North China.The American Joural of Psychiatry,2000,157(8):1260-1266
15刘贤臣,马登岱,刘连启.心理创伤后应激障碍自评量表的编制和信度效度研究.中国行为医学科学,1998,7(2):93-96
16 Wagnild,Gail M,Young,et al.Development and psycho-metric evaluation of the resilience scale.Journal of NursingMeasurement,1993,1(2):165-178
17范方.留守儿童焦虑/抑郁情绪的心理社会因素及心理弹性发展方案初步研究.中南大学博士论文,2008
18 Parker G,Hilary T,Brown LB.Parental Bonding Instrument(PBI)http://www.blackdoginstitute.org.au/
19 Liu J,Li L,Fan F.Psychometric properties of the Chineseversion of the parental bonding instrument.InternationalJournal of Nursing Studies,2011,48(5):582-589
20 Nygren B,Randstrom KB,Lejonklou AK et al.Reliabilityand validity of a Swedish language version of the resiliencescale.Journal of Nursing Measurement,2004,12(3):169-178
21 Kaniasty K,Norris FH.Longitudinal linkages between per-ceived social support and posttraumatic stress symptoms:Sequential roles of social causation and social selection.Journal of Traumatic Stress,2008,21(3):274-281
22范方,柳武妹,郑裕鸿,等.震后6个月都江堰地区青少年心理问题及影响因素.中国临床心理学杂志,2010,18(1):56-59
23 Chen CH,Tan HKL,Liao LR,et al.Long-term psychologi-cal outcome of 1999 Taiwan earthquake survivors:A surveyof a high-risk sample with property damage.ComprehensivePsychiatry,2007,48:269-275
24刘苓,陈蕴.独生与非独生子女初中生的心理特征及家庭精神环境比较.中国健康心理学杂志,2011,19(11):1355-1357
25曾庆,陈英.大学新生自我同一性及心理健康状况分析.中国临床心理学杂志,2011,19(4):546-547,550
26 Thienkrua W,Cardozo BL,Chakkraband ML,et al.Symp-toms of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression amongchildren in tsunami-affected areas in southern Thailand.Journal of the American Medical Association,2006,296(5):549-559
27 Kolaitis G,Kotsopoulos J,Tsiantis J,et al.Posttraumaticstress reactions among children following the Athens earth-quake of September 1999.Eur child Adolesc Psychiatry,2003,12(6):273-280
28 Pietrzak RH,Johnson DC,Goldstein MB,et al.Psychologi-cal resilience and postdeployment social support protectagainst traumatic stress and depressive symptoms in soldiersreturning from operations enduring freedom and Iraqi free-dom.Depression and Anxiety,2009,26(8):745-751
29 Chorpita BF,Barlow DH.The development of anxiety:Therole of control in the early environment.Psychol Bull,1998,124(1):3-21
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