井间地震广角反射波形校正技术研究与应用
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摘要
井间地震采集中接收到的反射波以大角度反射为主,而广角反射易产生波形畸变,在井间CDP角度道集上表现为反射波同相轴发生扭曲、波形变宽。为了消除广角反射对叠加成像的影响,需要对广角反射进行波形校正。通常通过校正反射同相轴的相位和振幅使反射同相轴的波形趋于一致,其校正方法主要包括相位校正、振幅校正和子波整形反褶积等方法。相比之下,子波整形反褶积方法是一种更为快速、适用的井间地震角度道集波形校正方法,它无需对同相轴进行相位扫描,而是直接设计一种子波整形滤波器,把没有畸变的地震道作为期望输出,对发生畸变的地震道进行整形反褶积,同时实现了反射同相轴的相位与振幅的校正,从而消除广角反射波形畸变的影响。
Wide-angle reflection is widespread in crosswell seismic data acquisition,while it is easy to produce waveform distortion such as distorted event and fat waveform in the CDP angle gather.In order to eliminate the wide-angle effect on the stack imaging,waveform correction of wide-angle reflection should be carried out.We usually carry out the correction of phase and amplitude of reflection event to make its waveform keep consistent,including phase correction, amplitude correction and wavelet shaping deconvolution method.In contrast,wavelet shaping deconvolution method is more suitable for angle gather waveform correction of crosswell seismic,which does not need event scanning,but directly designs a wavelet shaping filter to make the wavelet without distortion as the desired output, then perform shaping deconvolution on the wavelet with distortion, meanwhile,achieve phase and amplitude correction of reflection event. as well as eliminate the impact of wide-angle reflection.
Wide-angle reflection is widespread in crosswell seismic data acquisition,while it is easy to produce waveform distortion such as distorted event and fat waveform in the CDP angle gather.In order to eliminate the wide-angle effect on the stack imaging,waveform correction of wide-angle reflection should be carried out.We usually carry out the correction of phase and amplitude of reflection event to make its waveform keep consistent,including phase correction, amplitude correction and wavelet shaping deconvolution method.In contrast,wavelet shaping deconvolution method is more suitable for angle gather waveform correction of crosswell seismic,which does not need event scanning,but directly designs a wavelet shaping filter to make the wavelet without distortion as the desired output, then perform shaping deconvolution on the wavelet with distortion, meanwhile,achieve phase and amplitude correction of reflection event. as well as eliminate the impact of wide-angle reflection.
引文
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[2]陈世军.井问地震技术在樊J24井区的应用[J].石油物探,2003,42(3):369 373
[3]曹辉.井间地震反射波场分离及应用研究[J].石油物探,2004,43(6):518-522
[4]郭全仕.井问地震反射波成像技术探讨[J].石油物探,2005,44(5):439 444
[5]宋建国.角度域合成地震记录制作[J].新疆石油地质,2007,28(4):212-214
[6]李庆忠.井间地震勘探的误区及出路[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(1):1-11
[7]陆基孟.地震勘探原理[M].北京:石油大学出版社, 1982:447
[8]曹文俊,李振春,王小六.广角地震处理方法研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,2004,19(2):296 299
[9]Castle R J.A theory of normal moveout[J].Geophysics, 1996,61(6):983-999
[10]薛冈,王良书,胡中平.大炮检距地震资料动校正方法比较[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003.38(2): 151-155
[11]宋宗平,李建军,章黎萍.叠前常相位校正[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2004,23(2):69-70
[12]Mazzotti A.Amplitude,phase and frequency versus offset application[J].Geophysical Prospecting, 1991,39(7):863-886
[13]Swan H W,Alaska P.Amplitude and phase corrections for AVO analysis[J].Expanded Abstracts of 72~(nd) Annual Internal SEG Mtg,2002:6-11
[14]Liu Y B.Schmitt D R.Amplitude and AVO responses of a single thin bed[J].Geophysics,2003,68(4): 1161-1168
[15]李合群,周兴元.时差、常相位校正及加权叠加[J].石油地球物理勘探,2000,35(4):415-418
[16]孙成禹,倪长宽,李胜军,等.广角地震反射数据特征及校正方法研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42 (1):24-29
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