都江堰市震后医疗卫生系统重建——经验与效果分析
|
摘要
为了研究汶川地震后灾区医疗卫生系统恢复重建模式,总结恢复重建经验,从而为今后相关工作的开展提供借鉴,本研究以位于汶川地震震中的四川省都江堰市为切入点,了解其灾后重建工作的组织实施,并收集当地医疗卫生系统各部门震前业务开展情况、地震受损情况以及震后逐年恢复重建情况等相关资料,对当地医疗卫生系统灾后恢复重建情况进行了分析。经过3年灾后重建,都江堰市实现了"大灾之后无大疫"的目标,医疗卫生系统服务能力得到迅速恢复和提升。其中,在各级医疗卫生机构在基础设施、软硬件设施等获得大规模重建及升级的基础上,门急诊数量、手术台次、出院人次等主要医疗卫生指标亦比灾前大幅提高;同时,当地甲、乙、丙类传染病发病率以及呼吸道传染病、肠道传染病、虫媒及自然疫源性传染病的发病率比灾前有不同程度的下降。与2008年相比,截至2011年都江堰市期望寿命提高了9.23岁,婴儿死亡率下降了3.22‰,孕产妇死亡率下降了12.80/104。从都江堰市医疗卫生系统的高效恢复重建中可以看出,灾后恢复重建体系的高效、有序运行,在灾区恢复重建过程中发挥了巨大作用,是灾区医疗卫生系统迅速得以恢复及提升的根本保证。
This article focused on the health system reconstruction after Wenchuan earthquake in Dujiangyan,China,and intended to provide some experience and knowledge gained.Pre-quake conditions of health system,damage caused by the earthquake,and post-quake efforts on reconstruction and outcomes achieved were presented and analyzed.After three years of post-quake reconstruction,not only no severe epidemics occurred in the disaster area,the capacity of health system was also recovered and upgraded rapidly.On the basis of the improvement in infrastructure and hardware and software facilities,the number of outpatient and emergency visits,operations,discharges,and other major indicators for health service capacity greatly improved compared to the pre-quake times.The incidence rates of Class A,B,and C infectious diseases as well as respiratory,gastro-intestinal,and arthropod-borne and natural focal infectious diseases also appeared varying degrees of declines.Compared to 2008,the life expectancy in Dujiangyan increased by 9.23 years in 2011,the infant mortality decreased 3.22‰,and the maternal mortality decreased 12.80/104.It could be justifiably concluded that the efficient and orderly post-quake reconstruction has played a huge role in enhancing the restoration of health system in Dujiangyan.
This article focused on the health system reconstruction after Wenchuan earthquake in Dujiangyan,China,and intended to provide some experience and knowledge gained.Pre-quake conditions of health system,damage caused by the earthquake,and post-quake efforts on reconstruction and outcomes achieved were presented and analyzed.After three years of post-quake reconstruction,not only no severe epidemics occurred in the disaster area,the capacity of health system was also recovered and upgraded rapidly.On the basis of the improvement in infrastructure and hardware and software facilities,the number of outpatient and emergency visits,operations,discharges,and other major indicators for health service capacity greatly improved compared to the pre-quake times.The incidence rates of Class A,B,and C infectious diseases as well as respiratory,gastro-intestinal,and arthropod-borne and natural focal infectious diseases also appeared varying degrees of declines.Compared to 2008,the life expectancy in Dujiangyan increased by 9.23 years in 2011,the infant mortality decreased 3.22‰,and the maternal mortality decreased 12.80/104.It could be justifiably concluded that the efficient and orderly post-quake reconstruction has played a huge role in enhancing the restoration of health system in Dujiangyan.
引文
[1]蓝定香.近年来国外大地震灾后重建的特点研究[J].中共四川省委党校学报,2011(1):70-74.
[2]JASON L M,JAMES O R,SUZANNE W.A comparisonbetween routine construction and post-disaster reconstructionwith case studies from New Zealand[C]//22nd ARCOMconference on current advances in construction managementresearch.Birmingham:Association of researches in constructionmanagement,2006:1-8.
[3]AKBARI ME,FARSHAD AA,LARI MA.The devastationof Bam:an overview of health issues 1 month after theearthquake[J].Public Health,2004,118(6):403-408.
[4]中华人民共和国国务院.汶川灾后恢复重建总体规划[EB/OL].(2008-09-19)[2012-11-01].http://www.gov.cn/wcdzzhhfcjghzqyjg.pdf.
[5]中华人民共和国国务院.汶川地震灾后恢复重建对口支援方案[EB/OL](.2008-08-16)[2012-11-01].http://www.gov.cn/zwgk/2008-06/18/content_1019966.htm.
[6]祝小平,唐雪峰,方刚,等.汶川地震灾后恢复重建期的卫生防病工作[J].中华循证医学,2010,10(7):791-799.
[7]谬晓辉,沈慧,陈国良.汶川大地震灾后卫生重建的思考[J].第二军医大学学报,2008,29(7):717-719.
[8]赵伦,蒋勇杰.地方政府对口支援模式分析——兼论中央政府统筹下的制度特征与制度优势[J].成都大学学报:社科版,2009(2):4-7.
[9]梁文明.广东-广西教育对口支援运行机制研究[D].南宁:广西师范大学教育科学学院,2003.
[10]王禹,牟笛,左鹏,等.灾后重建的科学定位和战略思路—以都江堰市为例[J].中国行政管理,2009(6):124-127.
[11]李映东,李俊.日本与台湾震后重建的经验教训及对我国的启示[J].电子科技大学学报:社科版,2009,11(2):12-16.
[2]JASON L M,JAMES O R,SUZANNE W.A comparisonbetween routine construction and post-disaster reconstructionwith case studies from New Zealand[C]//22nd ARCOMconference on current advances in construction managementresearch.Birmingham:Association of researches in constructionmanagement,2006:1-8.
[3]AKBARI ME,FARSHAD AA,LARI MA.The devastationof Bam:an overview of health issues 1 month after theearthquake[J].Public Health,2004,118(6):403-408.
[4]中华人民共和国国务院.汶川灾后恢复重建总体规划[EB/OL].(2008-09-19)[2012-11-01].http://www.gov.cn/wcdzzhhfcjghzqyjg.pdf.
[5]中华人民共和国国务院.汶川地震灾后恢复重建对口支援方案[EB/OL](.2008-08-16)[2012-11-01].http://www.gov.cn/zwgk/2008-06/18/content_1019966.htm.
[6]祝小平,唐雪峰,方刚,等.汶川地震灾后恢复重建期的卫生防病工作[J].中华循证医学,2010,10(7):791-799.
[7]谬晓辉,沈慧,陈国良.汶川大地震灾后卫生重建的思考[J].第二军医大学学报,2008,29(7):717-719.
[8]赵伦,蒋勇杰.地方政府对口支援模式分析——兼论中央政府统筹下的制度特征与制度优势[J].成都大学学报:社科版,2009(2):4-7.
[9]梁文明.广东-广西教育对口支援运行机制研究[D].南宁:广西师范大学教育科学学院,2003.
[10]王禹,牟笛,左鹏,等.灾后重建的科学定位和战略思路—以都江堰市为例[J].中国行政管理,2009(6):124-127.
[11]李映东,李俊.日本与台湾震后重建的经验教训及对我国的启示[J].电子科技大学学报:社科版,2009,11(2):12-16.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心