基于高阶累积量一维切片的地震信号初至自动拾取方法
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摘要
将现代重要的统计信号处理理论高阶累积量理论引入到地震信号的分析与处理中,提出了一种基于互四阶累积量一维切片的地震信号初至自动拾取方法,并给出了该方法的基本原理与具体算法。该方法利用地震信号横向波形的相似性以及互四阶累积量对高斯色噪声不敏感的特点,实现地震信号初至时间的自动拾取。理论模型计算表明,在强高斯色噪声干扰下该方法仍能对地震信号初至起跳时间进行有效拾取,信噪比达到-3dB;在实际资料应用中,该方法能快速准确地确定地震信号初至点的位置,与人工拾取结果基本一致。
The modern fundamental theory of statistical signal processing is introduced to the analysis and processing of seismic signals.Based on one-dimensional slice of cross-fourth-order cumulants,a novel method of seismic signals detection and first arrival pickup is proposed with the principle and the algorithm.Using horizontal waveform similarities,as well as in allusion to the non-sensibility of one-dimensional slice's cross-fourth-order cumulants to Gaussian noise,and thereby the method achieves first arrival automatic extracting.The result shows this method can effectively extract first arrival take-off time in the environment of strong Gaussian colored noise interference,and the signal-to-noise ratio reaches-3 dB.In the implementation of real data,this method can quickly and accurately determine the position of seismic signal first arrival,and the results are basically consistent with the manual extraction.
The modern fundamental theory of statistical signal processing is introduced to the analysis and processing of seismic signals.Based on one-dimensional slice of cross-fourth-order cumulants,a novel method of seismic signals detection and first arrival pickup is proposed with the principle and the algorithm.Using horizontal waveform similarities,as well as in allusion to the non-sensibility of one-dimensional slice's cross-fourth-order cumulants to Gaussian noise,and thereby the method achieves first arrival automatic extracting.The result shows this method can effectively extract first arrival take-off time in the environment of strong Gaussian colored noise interference,and the signal-to-noise ratio reaches-3 dB.In the implementation of real data,this method can quickly and accurately determine the position of seismic signal first arrival,and the results are basically consistent with the manual extraction.
引文
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[9]戴永寿,郑德玲,魏磊,等.高阶统计量地震子波估计建模[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(5):514-518,540.DAI Yong-shou,ZHENG De-ling,WEI Lei,et al.Estimation of high-order statistic seismic wavelet[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2006,41(5):514-518,540.
[10]尹成,熊晓军,张白林,等.四阶累积量在剩余静校正中的应用研究[J].天然气工业,2004,24(12):48-50.YIN Cheng,XIONG Xiao-jun,ZHANG Bai-lin,et al.Application of fourth-order cumulant in residual staticcorrection[J].Natural Gas Industry,2004,24(12):48-50.
[11]熊晓军,尹成,张白林,等.基于四阶互累积量的小断层自动识别方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(增刊1):158-164.XIONG Xiao-jun,YIN Cheng,ZHANG Bai-lin,et al.A method of automatic small faults identificationbased on cross-fourth-order cumulants[J].OilGeophysical Prospecting,2004,39(Sup.1):158-164.
[12]赵清明,陈西宏,张敏.基于四阶累积量一维切片谱线增强方法[J].弹箭与制导学报,2004,24(3):236-238.ZHAO Qing-ming,CHEN Xi-hong,ZHANG Min.Based one-dimensional slice of the HOS variable stepsize adaptive algorithm for line enhancement[J].Journal of Projectiles,Rockets,Missiles andGuidance,2004,24(3):236-238.
[13]柯宏发,陈永光,张哲峰.基于四阶累积量对角切片的短波自适应通信信号检测[J].电子学报,2006,34(3):419-423.KE Hong-fa,CHEN Yong-guang,ZHANG Zhe-feng.HF adaptive radio communication signal detectionbased on fourth-order cumulants diagonal slice[J].Acta Electronica Sinica,2006,34(3):419-423.
[14]边国柱.自动拾取地震数据中的初至[J].石油地球物理勘探,1987,22(4):461-464.BIAN Guo-zhu.Automatic pick-up first breaks ofseismic data[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,1987,22(4):461-464.
[15]Tugnait J K.Time delay estimation with unknownspatially correlated Gaussian noise[J].IEEE TransSignal Processing,1993,41(2):549-558.
[16]张贤达.时间序列分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1996.ZHANG Xian-da.Time sequence snalysis[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,1996.
[17]张伟,何卫.柯西-施瓦茨不等式的三种证明[J].重庆教育学院学报,2007,20(3):33-34.ZHANG Wei,HE Wei.Three proof methods forCauchy-Schwarz inequality[J].Journal of ChongqingCollege of Education,2007,20(3):33-34.
[18]李辉,戴旭初,葛洪魁,等.基于互信息量的地震信号检测和初至提取方法[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(4):1190-1197.LI Hui,DAI Xu-chu,GE Hong-kui,et al.Seismicsignal detection and first arrival pickup based onmutual information[J].Chinese Journal of Geo-physics,2007,50(4):1190-1197.
[2]庄东海,肖春燕,颜永宁.利用人工神经网络自动拾取地震记录初至[J].石油地球物理勘探,1994,29(5):659-664.ZHUANG Dong-hai,XIAO Chun-yan,YAN Yong-ning.Seismic first arrival pick up using artificial neuralnetwork[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,1994,29(5):659-664.
[3]李辉峰,邹强,金文昱.基于边缘检测的初至波自动拾取方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(2):150-155,159.LI Hui-feng,ZOU Qiang,JIN Wen-yu.Method ofautomatic first breaks pick-up based on edge detection[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2006,41(2):150-155,159.
[4]Coppens F.First arrival picking on common-offset tra-ce collections for automatic estimation of staticcorrections[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1985,33(8):1212-1231.
[5]尹成,伍志明,邓怀群.高阶统计量方法在地震勘探中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(3):546-550.YIN Cheng,WU Zhi-ming,DENG Huai-qun.Application of high-order statistics in seismicexploration[J].Process in Geophysics,2003,18(3):546-550.
[6]李志华.高阶统计量方法在地球物理学中的应用[J].工程地球物理学报,2006,3(5):386-391.LI Zhi-hua.Application of high-order statistics ingeophysics[J].Chinese Journal of EngineeringGeophysics,2006,3(5):386-391.
[7]邢贞贞,韩立国,王宇.高阶统计量方法在地震信号分析中的应用[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2007,37(增刊1):139-142.XING Zhen-zhen,HAN Li-guo,WANG Yu.Application of high-order statistics in seismic signalanalysis[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth ScienceEdition,2007,37(Sup.1):139-142.
[8]秦雪霏,韩立国,李巍.地震波多次散射波场的高阶谱统计分析[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2007,37(增刊1):91-94.QIN Xue-fei,HAN Li-guo,LI Wei.The high orderspectrum-statistic analysis about the seismic multi-scatter wave[J].Journal of Jilin University:EarthScience Edition,2007,37(Sup.1):91-94.
[9]戴永寿,郑德玲,魏磊,等.高阶统计量地震子波估计建模[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(5):514-518,540.DAI Yong-shou,ZHENG De-ling,WEI Lei,et al.Estimation of high-order statistic seismic wavelet[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2006,41(5):514-518,540.
[10]尹成,熊晓军,张白林,等.四阶累积量在剩余静校正中的应用研究[J].天然气工业,2004,24(12):48-50.YIN Cheng,XIONG Xiao-jun,ZHANG Bai-lin,et al.Application of fourth-order cumulant in residual staticcorrection[J].Natural Gas Industry,2004,24(12):48-50.
[11]熊晓军,尹成,张白林,等.基于四阶互累积量的小断层自动识别方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(增刊1):158-164.XIONG Xiao-jun,YIN Cheng,ZHANG Bai-lin,et al.A method of automatic small faults identificationbased on cross-fourth-order cumulants[J].OilGeophysical Prospecting,2004,39(Sup.1):158-164.
[12]赵清明,陈西宏,张敏.基于四阶累积量一维切片谱线增强方法[J].弹箭与制导学报,2004,24(3):236-238.ZHAO Qing-ming,CHEN Xi-hong,ZHANG Min.Based one-dimensional slice of the HOS variable stepsize adaptive algorithm for line enhancement[J].Journal of Projectiles,Rockets,Missiles andGuidance,2004,24(3):236-238.
[13]柯宏发,陈永光,张哲峰.基于四阶累积量对角切片的短波自适应通信信号检测[J].电子学报,2006,34(3):419-423.KE Hong-fa,CHEN Yong-guang,ZHANG Zhe-feng.HF adaptive radio communication signal detectionbased on fourth-order cumulants diagonal slice[J].Acta Electronica Sinica,2006,34(3):419-423.
[14]边国柱.自动拾取地震数据中的初至[J].石油地球物理勘探,1987,22(4):461-464.BIAN Guo-zhu.Automatic pick-up first breaks ofseismic data[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,1987,22(4):461-464.
[15]Tugnait J K.Time delay estimation with unknownspatially correlated Gaussian noise[J].IEEE TransSignal Processing,1993,41(2):549-558.
[16]张贤达.时间序列分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1996.ZHANG Xian-da.Time sequence snalysis[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,1996.
[17]张伟,何卫.柯西-施瓦茨不等式的三种证明[J].重庆教育学院学报,2007,20(3):33-34.ZHANG Wei,HE Wei.Three proof methods forCauchy-Schwarz inequality[J].Journal of ChongqingCollege of Education,2007,20(3):33-34.
[18]李辉,戴旭初,葛洪魁,等.基于互信息量的地震信号检测和初至提取方法[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(4):1190-1197.LI Hui,DAI Xu-chu,GE Hong-kui,et al.Seismicsignal detection and first arrival pickup based onmutual information[J].Chinese Journal of Geo-physics,2007,50(4):1190-1197.
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