地震作用下边坡的共振响应研究
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摘要
根据结构动力学理论,建立了边坡共振的力学模型。通过数值模拟的方法研究边坡在地震作用下的共振特点。数值分析结果表明:在水平地震作用下,地震波频率与边坡的第二阶固有频率一致时,才会发生共振。在模态分析时发现,边坡的第二阶固有频率所对应的振型为水平向振动。边坡发生共振时,越靠近坡面水平向位移越大,随坡高的增加,水平向位移也在增大,同时竖直向位移也有相同的变化规律。在坡面的一定区域内,两个方向的位移同时达到最大值,从而表现为一种向外的抛掷效应。边坡的这种共振特性与黄润秋教授在汶川地震现场调查所发现的坡面物质被抛出的现象十分相似。将共振概念引进到边坡工程的研究中,可为解释一些地震中特殊的滑坡现象提供新的理念,对于边坡工程的抗震设计具有重要参考价值。
Based on structural dynamic theory,the resonance mechanical model is established.By utilizing numerical simulation method,the resonance characteristics of slope in earthquake are studied.Numerical results show that under the influence of horizontal seismic action,resonance will occur when the seismic wave frequency is identical to the second-order natural frequency of slope.In the model analysis,it is found that the second-order model of slope corresponds with horizontal vibration.When the resonance occurs in slope,horizontal displacement is increasing with the rising of height of slope,and the vertical displacement has the same rule as well.Within a certain region in the slope,the displacements in both directions are reached maximum at the same time.Thus it performs as a kind of thrown outward effects.The results are similar to the phenomenon that slope material is thrown out,which is investigated by Professor Huang Runqiu in the Wenchuan earthquake.Resonance study of slope effect can provide new ideas in explaining some of the special earthquake landslides,and has a significant effect on anti-earthquake design of slope.
Based on structural dynamic theory,the resonance mechanical model is established.By utilizing numerical simulation method,the resonance characteristics of slope in earthquake are studied.Numerical results show that under the influence of horizontal seismic action,resonance will occur when the seismic wave frequency is identical to the second-order natural frequency of slope.In the model analysis,it is found that the second-order model of slope corresponds with horizontal vibration.When the resonance occurs in slope,horizontal displacement is increasing with the rising of height of slope,and the vertical displacement has the same rule as well.Within a certain region in the slope,the displacements in both directions are reached maximum at the same time.Thus it performs as a kind of thrown outward effects.The results are similar to the phenomenon that slope material is thrown out,which is investigated by Professor Huang Runqiu in the Wenchuan earthquake.Resonance study of slope effect can provide new ideas in explaining some of the special earthquake landslides,and has a significant effect on anti-earthquake design of slope.
引文
[1]黄润秋,李为乐.“5.12”汶川大地震触发地质灾害的发育分布规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(12):2585～2591Huang Run-qiu,Li Wei-le.Research on developmentand distribution rules of geohazards induced bywenchuan earthquake on 12th may,2008[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(12):2585～2591(in Chinese)
[2]黄润秋.汶川8.0级地震触发崩滑灾害机制及其地质力学模式[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(6):1240～1248Huang Run-qiu.Mechanism and geomechanical modes oflandslide hazards triggered by wenchuan 8.0 earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2009,28(6):1240～1248.(inChinese))
[3]许强,黄润秋.5.12汶川大地震诱发大型崩滑灾害动力特征初探[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):721～729Xu Qiang,Huang Run-qiu.Kinetics charateristics oflarge landlides triggered by may 12th wenchuanearthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2008,16(6):721～729(in Chinese)
[4]胡聿贤.地震工程学[M].北京:地震出版社,2006Hu Yu-xian.Earthquake Engineering[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,2006(in Chinese)
[5]李江华.关于1917年霍山地震波及武汉市的烈度探讨[J].地震学刊,1998,(4):33～39Li Jiang-hua.Probe into effect of 1917 huoshanearthquake on intensity of wuhan city[J].Journal ofSeismology,1998,(4):33～39(in Chinese)
[6]Marco Mucciarelli,Angelo Masi,Maria RosariaGallipoli,et al.Analysis of RC Building DynamicResponse and Soil-Building Resonance Based on DataRecorded during a Damaging Earthquake(Molise,Italy,2002)[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society ofAmerica,2004,94(5):1943～1953
[7]龚耀清,兰自贤.超高层建筑空间巨型框架-核心筒结构的共振响应[J].工程力学,2009,26(3):55～63Gong Yao-qing,Lan Zi-xian.The resonant response ofmega-frame-core-tube structures of super tall buildings[J].Engineering Mechanics,2009,26(3):55～63(inChinese)
[8]柳国环,李宏男.格构塔架的实用高阶广义荷载谱模型与共振分量表达式改进[J].土木工程学报,2009,42(2):53～57Liu Guo-huan,Li Hong-nan.A practical higher modegeneralized force spectrum model for lattice towers andimprovement of expression for the resonant component[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2009,42(2):53～57(in Chinese)
[9]伏焕昌.内部干扰引起某宿舍楼共振分析[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2009,31(2):76～78Fu Huan chang.Analysis of resonance of a buildingcaused by internal disturbance[J].Earthquake ResistantEngineering and Retrofitting,2009,31(2):76～78(inChinese)
[10]张冠华,葛耀君.砼连续箱梁人行天桥振动特性测试与分析[J].振动与冲击,2009,28(2):102～106Zhang Guan-hua,Ge Yao-jun.Vibration characteristicstest and analysis on concrete box girder continuouspedestrian bridge[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2009,28(2):102～106(in Chinese)
[11]刘允芳,肖本职.西部地区地震活动与地应力研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(24):4502～4508Liu Yun-fang,Xiao Ben-zhi.Study on seismic activityand geostress in west china[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2005,24(24):4502～4508(in Chinese)
[12]郑黎明.铁路边坡岩体的振动特性和机理[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1994,13(1):69～78Zheng Li-ming.Specific vibration property andmechanism of rockmass in rail way slopes[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1994,13(1):69～78(in Chinese)
[13]祁生文,伍法权,刘春玲,等.地震边坡稳定性的工程地质分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(16):2792～2797Qi Sheng-wen,Wu Fa-quan,Liu Chun-ling,et al.Engineering geology analysis on stability of slope underearthauake[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2004,23(16):2792～2797(in Chinese)
[2]黄润秋.汶川8.0级地震触发崩滑灾害机制及其地质力学模式[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(6):1240～1248Huang Run-qiu.Mechanism and geomechanical modes oflandslide hazards triggered by wenchuan 8.0 earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2009,28(6):1240～1248.(inChinese))
[3]许强,黄润秋.5.12汶川大地震诱发大型崩滑灾害动力特征初探[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):721～729Xu Qiang,Huang Run-qiu.Kinetics charateristics oflarge landlides triggered by may 12th wenchuanearthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2008,16(6):721～729(in Chinese)
[4]胡聿贤.地震工程学[M].北京:地震出版社,2006Hu Yu-xian.Earthquake Engineering[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,2006(in Chinese)
[5]李江华.关于1917年霍山地震波及武汉市的烈度探讨[J].地震学刊,1998,(4):33～39Li Jiang-hua.Probe into effect of 1917 huoshanearthquake on intensity of wuhan city[J].Journal ofSeismology,1998,(4):33～39(in Chinese)
[6]Marco Mucciarelli,Angelo Masi,Maria RosariaGallipoli,et al.Analysis of RC Building DynamicResponse and Soil-Building Resonance Based on DataRecorded during a Damaging Earthquake(Molise,Italy,2002)[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society ofAmerica,2004,94(5):1943～1953
[7]龚耀清,兰自贤.超高层建筑空间巨型框架-核心筒结构的共振响应[J].工程力学,2009,26(3):55～63Gong Yao-qing,Lan Zi-xian.The resonant response ofmega-frame-core-tube structures of super tall buildings[J].Engineering Mechanics,2009,26(3):55～63(inChinese)
[8]柳国环,李宏男.格构塔架的实用高阶广义荷载谱模型与共振分量表达式改进[J].土木工程学报,2009,42(2):53～57Liu Guo-huan,Li Hong-nan.A practical higher modegeneralized force spectrum model for lattice towers andimprovement of expression for the resonant component[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2009,42(2):53～57(in Chinese)
[9]伏焕昌.内部干扰引起某宿舍楼共振分析[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2009,31(2):76～78Fu Huan chang.Analysis of resonance of a buildingcaused by internal disturbance[J].Earthquake ResistantEngineering and Retrofitting,2009,31(2):76～78(inChinese)
[10]张冠华,葛耀君.砼连续箱梁人行天桥振动特性测试与分析[J].振动与冲击,2009,28(2):102～106Zhang Guan-hua,Ge Yao-jun.Vibration characteristicstest and analysis on concrete box girder continuouspedestrian bridge[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2009,28(2):102～106(in Chinese)
[11]刘允芳,肖本职.西部地区地震活动与地应力研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(24):4502～4508Liu Yun-fang,Xiao Ben-zhi.Study on seismic activityand geostress in west china[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2005,24(24):4502～4508(in Chinese)
[12]郑黎明.铁路边坡岩体的振动特性和机理[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1994,13(1):69～78Zheng Li-ming.Specific vibration property andmechanism of rockmass in rail way slopes[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1994,13(1):69～78(in Chinese)
[13]祁生文,伍法权,刘春玲,等.地震边坡稳定性的工程地质分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(16):2792～2797Qi Sheng-wen,Wu Fa-quan,Liu Chun-ling,et al.Engineering geology analysis on stability of slope underearthauake[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2004,23(16):2792～2797(in Chinese)
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