汶川地震诱发边坡动力失稳影响因素分析
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摘要
通过实地调研5.12大地震后汶川震区附近道路沿线的滑坡与崩塌灾害分布情况,对地震烈度、地形地貌及地质构造等影响边坡动力稳定性的主要因素进行了分析。经过统计表明,沿发震断层长轴方向的地质灾害点数目明显地比垂直于断层的短轴方向比较多;地震滑坡、崩塌等地质灾害在该区域分布上以沿河流水系呈线状分布;地震引发的滑坡多集中在坡度20°～50°范围的边坡上,开始滑动的位置大多发育在边坡的中上部。此外,地震引发的滑坡、崩塌的分布与地质构造关系也非常密切,距离发震断层越近,滑坡、崩塌出现的密度就越大;上盘区域内滑坡、崩塌的出现密度及震害程度都远远大于下盘区域,并存在明显的优势滑动效应;发震断层端部、错落、转折等尖端部位在错断过程中,能量释放将会最为强烈,这些部位的地质灾害发育较为集中。
Based on spot investigation for landslide and collapse distribution in seismic area of Wenchuan earthquake,the main influenceing factors of slope dynamic stability,including seismic intensity,topography,physiognomy,and geological structure,were analysed.The statistics indicates that(1) the amount of geological disasters along long axis direction of earthquake-triggering fault is obviously greater than that along short axis perpendicular to that fault;(2) the distribution features of landslide and collapse disasters are linear distribution along river systems in that region;(3) landslide induced by earthquake mainly existed in slope with 20°～50° slope angle,origin sliding position mostly generated in middle-upper part of slope;(3) the distribution of landslide and collapse induced by earthquake has close relationship with geological structure,density of landslide and collapse is greater with position close to earthquake-triggering fault;(4) the density and damage of landslide and collapse in hanging wall region is much greater than that in footwall,and advantage sliding effect obviously exists;(5)in dislocating process of earthquake-triggering fault,energy strongly released and disasters centrality appeared in peak part which includes end position,dislocating position t and transition position.
Based on spot investigation for landslide and collapse distribution in seismic area of Wenchuan earthquake,the main influenceing factors of slope dynamic stability,including seismic intensity,topography,physiognomy,and geological structure,were analysed.The statistics indicates that(1) the amount of geological disasters along long axis direction of earthquake-triggering fault is obviously greater than that along short axis perpendicular to that fault;(2) the distribution features of landslide and collapse disasters are linear distribution along river systems in that region;(3) landslide induced by earthquake mainly existed in slope with 20°～50° slope angle,origin sliding position mostly generated in middle-upper part of slope;(3) the distribution of landslide and collapse induced by earthquake has close relationship with geological structure,density of landslide and collapse is greater with position close to earthquake-triggering fault;(4) the density and damage of landslide and collapse in hanging wall region is much greater than that in footwall,and advantage sliding effect obviously exists;(5)in dislocating process of earthquake-triggering fault,energy strongly released and disasters centrality appeared in peak part which includes end position,dislocating position t and transition position.
引文
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[15]黄润秋.汶川8.0级地震触发崩滑灾害机制及其地质力学模式[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(6):1239-1249.HUANG Runqiu.Mechanism and Geomechanical Modes ofLandslide Hazards Triggered by Wenchuan 8.0 Earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(6):1239-1249.
[2]黄理兴,陈奕柏.我国岩石动力学研究状况与发展[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(11):1881-1886.HUANG Lixing,CHEN Yibo.Rock Dynamics in China:Past,Present and Future[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2003,22(11):1881-1886.
[3]李海波,蒋会军,赵坚,等.动荷载作用下岩体工程安全的几个问题[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(11):1887-1891.LI Haibao,JIANG Huijun,ZHAO Jian,et al.SomeProblems about Safety Analysis of Rock Engineering underDynamic Load[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanicsand Engineering,2003,22(11):1887-1891.
[4]王克海,孙永红,韦韩,等.汶川地震后对我国结构工程抗震的几点思考[J].公路交通科技,2008,25(11):54-59.WANG Kehai,SUN Yonghong,WEI Han,et al.Comments on Seismic Strengthening for StructuralEngineering in China after Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research andDevelopment,2008,25(11):54-59.
[5]European Committee for Standardization.Eurucode 8Design Provisions for Earthquake Resistance of Structures-Part 2:Bridges[S].Brussels:European Committee forStandardization,1994.
[6]KEEFER D K.Landslides Caused by Earthquakes[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1984,95(4):406-421.
[7]黄润秋,李为乐.“5.12”汶川大地震触发地质灾害的发育分布规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(12):2585-2592.HUANG Runqiu,LI Weile.Research on Development andDistribution Rules of Geohazards Induced by WenchuanEarthquake on 12th May,2008[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(12):2585-2592.
[8]任自铭,姚令侃.坡面形态对地震作用下土质边坡稳定性影响[J].路基工程,2008,140(5):5-7.REN Ziming,YAO Lingkan.Influence of SlopingConformation on Soil Slope Stability under the Action ofEarthquake[J].Subgrade Engineering,2008,140(5):5-7.
[9]张晓刚.长江上游滑坡分布研究[M].成都:四川科学出版社,1996.ZHANG Xiaogang.Study on Landslide Distribution in theUpper Reach of the Yangtze River[M].Chengdu:Sichuan Science Press,1996.
[10]丁彦慧.中国西部地区地震滑坡预测方法研究[D].北京:中国地质大学,1997.DING Yanhui.Study on Forecasting Methods of SeismicLandslide in Western China[D].Beijing:ChinaUniversity of Geosciences,1997.
[11]王存玉.地震条件下二滩水库岸坡稳定性研究[C]//岩体工程地质力学问题(七).北京:科学出版社,1987.WANG Cunyu.Stability Research on Ertan ReservoirSlope under Seismic Condition[C]//Questions for RockEngineering and Geology Mechanics(VII).Beijing:Science Press,1987.
[12]蒋溥,戴丽思.工程地震学概论[M].北京:地震出版社,1993.JIANG Pu,DAI Lisi.Introduction to EngineeringSeismology[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,1993.
[13]谢和平,陈忠辉.岩石力学[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.XIE Heping,CHEN Zhonghui.Rock Mechanics[M].Beijing:Science Press,2004.
[14]李勇,周荣军,董顺利,等.汶川特大地震的地表破裂与逆冲—走滑作用[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2008,35(4):404-413.LI Yong,ZHOU Rongjun,DONG Shunli,et al.SurfaceRupture,Thrusting and Strike-slipping in the WenchuanEarthquake of Sichuan,China[J].Journal of ChengduUniversity of Technology:Science&Technology Edition,2008,35(4):404-413.
[15]黄润秋.汶川8.0级地震触发崩滑灾害机制及其地质力学模式[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(6):1239-1249.HUANG Runqiu.Mechanism and Geomechanical Modes ofLandslide Hazards Triggered by Wenchuan 8.0 Earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(6):1239-1249.
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