地震解释中声波测井资料的整理方法研究
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摘要
在地震解释中,声波测井资料经常被用来标定地震资料,从而将二者所反映的地质信息联系起来.但二者在纵横向分辨率、频率范围、对吸收的影响、波的类型等方面存在差异,因此,需要对声波测井资料进行整理.本文在分析了声波测井资料和地震资料的差异的基础上,提出了一套声波测井资料的整理方法,以实现测井和地震资料的匹配.在环境校正的基础上,首先采用复合中值滤波方法对声波测井资料进行预处理,然后采用沃尔什变换进行分层和层的合并,最小层厚度则根据深度,主频等参数由Walden公式确定.由吸收衰减及速度频散引起的速度差异通过杨氏谐振Q模型修正,然后利用从VSP资料得到的时深关系进行深转换,密度资料的校正和补足则通过修正的Gardner公式完成.实际资料的处理结果显示,处理后的测井资料得到的合成地震记录与井旁地震资料对比,既可以准确识别标志层,也可以较好的识别砂体的顶底界面,为地层解释和砂体追踪工作提供了良好的基础.
In seismic interpretation,acoustic log data are often used to calibrate seismic data,which have connect with seismic data in geological information.However,there are many differences between acoustic log data and seismic data,such as vertical and horizontal resolution,frequency range,the effect on absorption,and wave type,etc. Accordingly,acoustic log data must be processed for the convenience of seismic interpretation.In this paper,we study the differences between acoustic log data and seismic data,and present a series of methods to process the acoustic log data for the purpose of matching log data with seismic data.Firstly,on the basis of the environment correction,we employ compound median filtering to preprocess acoustic log data,then block and merge layers using the Walsh transform.The minimum thickness of layers is determined by Walden formula in terms of depth,frequency etc. Secondly,we use Yang's resonant Q-model to modify velocity misfit which is caused by seismic wave absorption, attenuation and velocity dispersion,then make use of time-depth relationship obtained from the VSP data to do the time depth conversion.Besides,the correction and patch of density data come from the modified Gardner equation. The application of real data shows a good effect.By comparing synthetic data getting from processed logging data and seismic data at well,we can identify not only maker bed accurately,but also the top and bottom interface of sand bodies,laying the basis of stratigraphic interpretation and sand tracking.
In seismic interpretation,acoustic log data are often used to calibrate seismic data,which have connect with seismic data in geological information.However,there are many differences between acoustic log data and seismic data,such as vertical and horizontal resolution,frequency range,the effect on absorption,and wave type,etc. Accordingly,acoustic log data must be processed for the convenience of seismic interpretation.In this paper,we study the differences between acoustic log data and seismic data,and present a series of methods to process the acoustic log data for the purpose of matching log data with seismic data.Firstly,on the basis of the environment correction,we employ compound median filtering to preprocess acoustic log data,then block and merge layers using the Walsh transform.The minimum thickness of layers is determined by Walden formula in terms of depth,frequency etc. Secondly,we use Yang's resonant Q-model to modify velocity misfit which is caused by seismic wave absorption, attenuation and velocity dispersion,then make use of time-depth relationship obtained from the VSP data to do the time depth conversion.Besides,the correction and patch of density data come from the modified Gardner equation. The application of real data shows a good effect.By comparing synthetic data getting from processed logging data and seismic data at well,we can identify not only maker bed accurately,but also the top and bottom interface of sand bodies,laying the basis of stratigraphic interpretation and sand tracking.
引文
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[2]韩行吉,杨文采,吴永刚.地震与声测井资料的匹配[J].石油地球物理勘探.1995,增刊(2):28-33. Han X J,Yang W C,Wu Y G.Seismic and acoustic logging data matching[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese), 1995,supplement(2):28-33.
[3]云美厚,易维启,艾印双.地震与声波测井匹配校正方法研究[J].石油地球物理勘探.2002,36(6):601-605. Yun M H,Yi W Q,Ai Y S.Study on correct methods matching seismic data with sonic logging data[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2002,36(6):601- 605.
[4]季玉新,陈娟,谢雄举.测井曲线精细处理解释技术在复杂储层预测中的应用[J].石油物探,2004,43(2):139-144. Ji Y X,Chen J,Xie X J,Application of fine logging data processing and interpretation technology in the prediction of complicated reservoirs[J].Geophysical Prospecting For Petrole (in Chinese),2004,43(2):139- 144.
[5]O.塞拉.测井解释基础与数据采集[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1992.277-308. O.S I.The basis of log interpretation and data acquisition [M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press(in Chinese),1992,277 -308.
[6]魏长江.声波测井误差校正方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,1991, 41(2):158-168. Wei,C J.Method for sonic log error correction[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),1991,41(2):158-168.
[7]楚泽涵.声波测井原理[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1987,84- 96. Chu Z H.Principles of acoustic log[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press(in Chinese),1987,84-96.
[8]刘中奇,邱广筠.一种新的声波测井曲线环境校正方法[J].测井技术,2000,24(4):283-286. Liu Z Q,Qiu G J.A New Method to make Environment Correction for Sonic△T Log[J].WELL LOGGING TECHNOLOGY(in Chinese),2000,24(4):283-286.
[9]陈钢花,王永刚.水基泥浆的侵入对声波测井曲线的影响及校正[J].石油物探,2005,44(6):609-611. Chen G H and Wang Y G.The influence and correction of water base mud on acoustic logging[J].Geophysical Prospecting For Petrole(in Chinese),2005,44(6):609-611.
[10]陈文超,汪文秉,高静怀等.多分辨分析理论在井震匹配中的应用[J].地球物理学报,1999,42(增刊):219-224. CHEN W C,WANG W B,GAO J H,et al.MATCHING OF SEISMIC WITH SONIC LOG USING THE THEORY OF MULTIRESOLUTION ANALYSIS[J].Chinese J.Geophys. (in Chinese),1999,42(Supplement):219-224.
[11]陈文超,王松练,汪文秉,高静怀.由声测井资料计算反射系数序列中多分辨率逼近的选择[J].地球物理学进展,2000,16 (04):79-86. CHEN W C,Wang S L,WANG W B,GAO J H.CHOOSING THE MULTIRESOLUTION APPROXIMATIONS IN CALCULATING REFLECTION COEFFICIENTS FROM WELL LOGS[J].Progress In Geophysics(in Chinese),2000, 16(04):79-86.
[12]董恩清,刘贵忠,张宗平陈皓众.多分辨分析用于测井资料的重采样及合成记录与地震道的匹配[J].测井技术,1999,23 (4):264-267. Dong E Q,Liu G Z,Zhang Z Pet al.Resampling of Logging Data and Matching of Synthetic Seismogram with Seismic Trace by Multiresolution Analysis[J].WELL LOGGING TECHNOLOGY(in Chinese),1999,23(4):264- 267.
[13]王延光,韩文功,刘浩杰.多尺度地球物理资料分析与匹配[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(3):333-339. Wang Y G,Han W G Liu H J.Analysis and match of multi scaled geophysical data[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2008,43(3):333-339.
[14]刘斌,李振春,韩文功.小波变换在合成道与井旁道对比中的应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2007,30(3):200-206. Liu B,Li Z C,Han W G.Application of wavelet transform in correlation in synthetic seismogram and seismic traces nearby borehole[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,30(3):200-206.
[15]Leaney W.Scott,Ulrych Tad J.Scott.Compound median filtering applied to sonic logs.57th Annual Internat.Mtg., Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,1987,Session: BHG1.7.
[16]马劲风,赵圣亮,曲志浩.声波测井数据的深度域转换到时间域采样方法研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(增刊1): 40-45. Ma J F,Zhao S L,Qu Z H.Sampling method research of acoustic log data in depth converted to time domain[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),1998,33(Supplement 1):40-45.
[17]马劲风.声波测井与地震数据匹配的新方法[J].西北大学学报(自然科学版),1998,28(03):229-232. Ma J F.New Method of Acoustic log and Seismic Data Match [J].Journal of Northwest University(Natural Science Edition)(in Chinese),1998,28(03):229-232.
[18]钱勇先,钟兴水,高楚桥.沃尔什函数法测井曲线高分辨率反演[J].地球物理学报,1995,38(曾刊):170-176. QIAN Y X,ZHONG X S,GAO C Q.HIGH-RESOLUTION INVERSION OF WELL LOGS USING WALSH FUNCTIONS[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1995,38 (Supplement):170 - 176.
[19]钱勇先,杜友福,李远钦.离散地层模型的沃尔什函数描述法[J].石油地球物理勘探,1996,31(2):177-183. Qian Y X;Du Y F and Li Y Q.Walsh function description of discrete formation model Oil[J].Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),1996,31(2):177- 183.
[20]李庆谋,成秋明,刘少华.Walsh列率域中多维分形模型与CIS环境下地球物理信号处理[J].地球物理学报,2007,50 (6):1884-1893. LI Q M,LI Q M,LIU S H.Scale invariant property in Walsh frequency domain and a multifractal model for geophysical data processing in GIS environment[J].Chinese J.Geophys. (in Chinese),2007,50(6):1884-1893.
[21]林海燕,戴云,肖慈珣.一种基于沃希变换的测井自动分层方法[J].成都理工学院学报.1999,26(1):52-57. Lin H Y,Dai Y,Xiao C X.A WELL LOG AUTOMATED IDENTIFICATION OF ROCK BOUNDARIES METHOD BASED ON WALSH TRANSFORM[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science & Technology Edition)(in Chinese),1999,26(1):52-57.
[22]史清江,王延江,孙正义,杨培杰.小波变换和沃尔什变换在测井分层中的联合应用[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2006,30(2):138-142. SHI Q J,WANG Y J,SUN Z Y,YANG P J.Joint application of wavelet transform and Walsh transform for automatic segmentation of well logs[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science)(in Chinese),2006,30 (2):138-142.
[23]郑君里,杨为理,应启珩.信号与系统(下册)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1998,223-272. Zheng J L,Yang W L.Ying Q H.Signals and Systems(Next volume).Beijing:Higher Education Press(in Chinese),1998, 223～272.
[24]Walden A.T.Tutorial choosing the averaging interval when calculating primary reflection coefficient from well logs[J]. Geophysical Prospecting,1988,36(4):799-824.
[25]杨文采.岩石的粘弹性谐振Q模型[J].地球物理学报,1987, 30(4):399-411. Yang W C.A RESONANCE Q MODEL FOR VISCOELASTIC ROCKS[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1987,30(4):399-411.
[26]易维启,宋吉杰.声波测井资料与地震资料之间的匹配-波速频散校正[J].石油地球物理勘探,1994,29(增刊):72-75. Yi W Q,Song J J.the match between acoustic log data and seismic data-velocity dispersion correction[J].Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),1994,29(Supplement):72-75.
[27]卢宝坤,史诃.测井资料与地震属性关系研究综述[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2005,41(1):154-160. LU B k,SHI G.A Review of Study on Relation Between Well Logging Data and Seismic Attributes[J].Acta Scicentiarum Naturalum Universitis Pekinesis(in Chinese),2005,41(1): 154-160.
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