近断层强地震动场预测
|
摘要
以1997年4月11日新疆伽师地震(M_w 6.1)为例,详细介绍了近断层强地震动场的预测方法.首先,用有限断层震源建模方法建立了该次地震的震源模型;然后,基于动力学拐角频率的地震动随机模拟方法,模拟了该次地震权有主震加速度记录、且位于巨厚土层上的三个台站的加速度时程,并用实际地震记录进行了验证.在此基础上,基于预测的近断层77个节点的加速度时程的峰值绘制了该次地震的加速度场.结果表明,上述方法模拟的加速度时程在0.5 Hz 以上的高频段是可行的、实用的;预测的近断层加速度场具有非常明显的上盘效应.地表最大加速度的范围与断层面上最大凹凸体位置相列应,说明与断层面上凹凸体相对应的地面上的建(构)筑物将会遭受到较为严重的震害.
Taking 1997 Jiashi earthquake (M_w 6.1),Xinjiang,China as an example,a method for predicting near-fault strong ground motion field was introduced in detail.Firstly,the earthquake source model of the earthquake was established based on the finite fault source modeling method. Secondly,acceleration time histories of the three stations above huge thick sediment strata with main-shock records during the earthquake were simulated based on the stochastic method of ground motions with the dynamic corner frequency; and the results were validated by comparison of response and Fourier spectra between simulated and recorded acceleration time histories. Finally,the acceleration field of the earthquake was drawn based on PGA of the predicted acceleration time histories of 77 near-fault nodes.The results show that simulated acceleration time histories are feasible and practical when frequency is more than 0.5 Hz,and the acceleration field shows very obvious hanging wall effects.The maximum PGA area on ground surface corresponds to the maximum asperity area,and this means that buildings and other engineering structures on ground surface corresponding to the maximum asperity area on the earthquake fault may suffer severe damage.
Taking 1997 Jiashi earthquake (M_w 6.1),Xinjiang,China as an example,a method for predicting near-fault strong ground motion field was introduced in detail.Firstly,the earthquake source model of the earthquake was established based on the finite fault source modeling method. Secondly,acceleration time histories of the three stations above huge thick sediment strata with main-shock records during the earthquake were simulated based on the stochastic method of ground motions with the dynamic corner frequency; and the results were validated by comparison of response and Fourier spectra between simulated and recorded acceleration time histories. Finally,the acceleration field of the earthquake was drawn based on PGA of the predicted acceleration time histories of 77 near-fault nodes.The results show that simulated acceleration time histories are feasible and practical when frequency is more than 0.5 Hz,and the acceleration field shows very obvious hanging wall effects.The maximum PGA area on ground surface corresponds to the maximum asperity area,and this means that buildings and other engineering structures on ground surface corresponding to the maximum asperity area on the earthquake fault may suffer severe damage.
引文
[1] Aki K,Richards P G.Quantitative Seismology:Theory and Methods.New York:W H Freeman & Co Ltd.,1980
[2] Boore D M.Stochastic simulation of high-frequency ground motions based on seismological models of the radiated spectra.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1983,73:1865～1884
[3] Boore D M.Simulation of ground motion using the stochastic method.Pure Appl.Geophys.,2003,160:635～676
[4] Hartzell S.Earthquake aftershocks as Green's functions.Geophys.Res.Lett,1978,5:1～4
[5] Irikura K.Semi-empirical estimation of strong ground motions during large earthquakes.Bull.Disas.Prev.Res.Inst.,1983,33:63～104
[6] Kamae K,Irikura K,Pitarka A.A technique for simulating strong ground motion using hybrid Green's function.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1998,88(2) :357～367
[7] Hartzell S,Harmsen S,Frankel A,et al.Calculation of broadband time histories of ground motion:comparison of methods and validation using strong-ground motion from the 1994 Northridge earthquake.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1999,89(6) :1484～1504
[8] Pitarka A,Somerville P,Fukushima Y,et al.Simulation of near-fault strong-ground motion using hybrid Green's functions.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,2000,90:566～586
[9] Beresnev I,Atkinson G.FINSIM:a FORTRAN program for simulating stochastic acceleration time histories from finite faults.Seism.Res.Lett.,1998,69:27～32
[10] Motazedian D,Atkinson G M.Stochastic finite-fault mode-ling based on a dynamic corner frequency.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,2005,95(3) :995～1010
[11] Somerville P G.Emerging art:earthquake ground motion.In:Dakolas P,et al.eds.Proceedings-Geotechnical Earth-quake Engineering and Soil Dynamics Ⅲ.ASCE Speciality Conf.Special Pub.75,Seattle,WA,1998,1～38
[12] Irikura K.Prediction of strong ground motions from future earthquakes caused by active faults-Case of the Osaka Basin.12th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering(12WCEE),CDROM,No.2687． Auckland,New Zealand during 30 January～4 February 2000
[13] Wang H Y,Tao X X.Relationships between moment magnitude and fault parameters:theoretical and semi-empirical relationships.Earthquake Engineering and Engin-eering Vibration,2003,2(2) :201～211
[14] 王海云.近场强地震动预测的有限断层震源模型[博士论文].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所,2004 Wang H Y.Finite fault source model for predicting near field strong ground motion[Ph.D.thesis](in Chinese).Harbin:Institute of Engineering Mechanics,China Earthquake Administration,2004
[15] 王海云,陶夏新.近场强地震动预测中浅源地震的 Asperity 模型特征.哈尔滨工业大学学报,2005,37(11) :1533～1539 Wang H Y.Tao X X.Characterizing a shallow earthquake asperity model for predicting near field strong ground motion.Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(in Chinese),2005,37(11) :1533～1539
[16] Wang H Y,Tao X X.Hybrid slip model for predicting near-field strong ground motion.2004 ANCER Annual Meeting:Networking of Young Earthquake Engineering Researchers and Professionals.CDROM,July 28～30,2004,The Sheraton Princess Kaiulani,Honolulu,Hawaii
[17] Brune J N.Tectonic stress and the spectra of seismic shear waves from earthquakes.J.Geophys.Res.,1970,75:4997～5009
[18] Beresnev I,Atkinson G.Subevent structure of large earthquakes-a ground motion perspective.Geophys.Res.Lett.,2000,28:53～56
[19] 朱令人,苏乃秦,杨马陵.1997年新疆伽师强震群及三次成功的临震预报.中国地震,1998． 14(2) :101～115 Zhu L R,Su N Q,Yang M L.Activity of the 1997 Jiashi strong swarm in Xinjiang and three successful impending predictions for it.Earthquake Research in China(in Chinese),1998． 14(2) :101～115
[20] 杨欣.高国英.1997年伽师强震群序列特征和震源机制的初步研究.地震学报.1998,20(6) :573～579 Yang X,Gao G Y.A preliminary study on the sequence characteristics and focal mechanism solution of the Jiashi strong earthquake swarm.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),1998． 20(6) :573～579
[21] 单新建,何玉梅,朱燕等.新疆伽师强震群的震源破裂特征.地震地质,2002． 24(1) :59～68 Shan X J,He Y M.Zhu Y.et al.Characteristics of focal reputure of the Jiashi strong earthquake swarm.Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),2002,24(1) :59～68
[22] 赵翠萍.1997～2003年新疆伽师震源区特征的地震学方法研究[博士论文].北京:中国地震局地球物理研究所.2006 Zhao C P.Seismological studies on the characteristics of Jiashi source region from 1997～2003[Ph.D.thesis](in Chinese).Beijing:Institute of Geophysics,China Earth-quake Administration,2006
[23] 赵翠萍.陈章立,郑斯华等.伽师震源区中等强度地震矩张量反演及其应力场特征.地球物理学报,2008,51(3) :782～792 Zhao C P.Chen Z L,Zheng S H,et al.Moment Inversion of moderate earthquakes and the locally perturbed stress field in the Jiashi source region.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese).2008． 51(3) :782～792
[24] Atkinson G M,Boore D M.Evaluation of models for earthquake source spectra in Eastern North America.Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,1998,88:917～934
[25] 姜慧.地震动随机模拟方法中的场地效应研究[博士论文].北京:中国地震局地球物理研究所,2005 Jiang H.Study on site effects of stochastic simulation of earthquake ground motions[Ph.D,thesis](in Chinese).Beijing:Institute of Geophysics,China Earthquake Administration,2005
[26] Anderson J G,Hough S.A model for the shape of the fourier amplitude spectrum of acceleration at high frequencies.Bull. Seism.Soc.Am.,1984,74(5) :1969～1993
[27] Boore D M,Joyner W B.Site amplifications for generic rock sites.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1997,87(2) :327～341
[28] Saragoni G R,Hart G C.Simulation of artificial earthquakes.Earthq.Eng.Struct.Dyn.,1974,2:249～267
[2] Boore D M.Stochastic simulation of high-frequency ground motions based on seismological models of the radiated spectra.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1983,73:1865～1884
[3] Boore D M.Simulation of ground motion using the stochastic method.Pure Appl.Geophys.,2003,160:635～676
[4] Hartzell S.Earthquake aftershocks as Green's functions.Geophys.Res.Lett,1978,5:1～4
[5] Irikura K.Semi-empirical estimation of strong ground motions during large earthquakes.Bull.Disas.Prev.Res.Inst.,1983,33:63～104
[6] Kamae K,Irikura K,Pitarka A.A technique for simulating strong ground motion using hybrid Green's function.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1998,88(2) :357～367
[7] Hartzell S,Harmsen S,Frankel A,et al.Calculation of broadband time histories of ground motion:comparison of methods and validation using strong-ground motion from the 1994 Northridge earthquake.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1999,89(6) :1484～1504
[8] Pitarka A,Somerville P,Fukushima Y,et al.Simulation of near-fault strong-ground motion using hybrid Green's functions.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,2000,90:566～586
[9] Beresnev I,Atkinson G.FINSIM:a FORTRAN program for simulating stochastic acceleration time histories from finite faults.Seism.Res.Lett.,1998,69:27～32
[10] Motazedian D,Atkinson G M.Stochastic finite-fault mode-ling based on a dynamic corner frequency.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,2005,95(3) :995～1010
[11] Somerville P G.Emerging art:earthquake ground motion.In:Dakolas P,et al.eds.Proceedings-Geotechnical Earth-quake Engineering and Soil Dynamics Ⅲ.ASCE Speciality Conf.Special Pub.75,Seattle,WA,1998,1～38
[12] Irikura K.Prediction of strong ground motions from future earthquakes caused by active faults-Case of the Osaka Basin.12th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering(12WCEE),CDROM,No.2687． Auckland,New Zealand during 30 January～4 February 2000
[13] Wang H Y,Tao X X.Relationships between moment magnitude and fault parameters:theoretical and semi-empirical relationships.Earthquake Engineering and Engin-eering Vibration,2003,2(2) :201～211
[14] 王海云.近场强地震动预测的有限断层震源模型[博士论文].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所,2004 Wang H Y.Finite fault source model for predicting near field strong ground motion[Ph.D.thesis](in Chinese).Harbin:Institute of Engineering Mechanics,China Earthquake Administration,2004
[15] 王海云,陶夏新.近场强地震动预测中浅源地震的 Asperity 模型特征.哈尔滨工业大学学报,2005,37(11) :1533～1539 Wang H Y.Tao X X.Characterizing a shallow earthquake asperity model for predicting near field strong ground motion.Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(in Chinese),2005,37(11) :1533～1539
[16] Wang H Y,Tao X X.Hybrid slip model for predicting near-field strong ground motion.2004 ANCER Annual Meeting:Networking of Young Earthquake Engineering Researchers and Professionals.CDROM,July 28～30,2004,The Sheraton Princess Kaiulani,Honolulu,Hawaii
[17] Brune J N.Tectonic stress and the spectra of seismic shear waves from earthquakes.J.Geophys.Res.,1970,75:4997～5009
[18] Beresnev I,Atkinson G.Subevent structure of large earthquakes-a ground motion perspective.Geophys.Res.Lett.,2000,28:53～56
[19] 朱令人,苏乃秦,杨马陵.1997年新疆伽师强震群及三次成功的临震预报.中国地震,1998． 14(2) :101～115 Zhu L R,Su N Q,Yang M L.Activity of the 1997 Jiashi strong swarm in Xinjiang and three successful impending predictions for it.Earthquake Research in China(in Chinese),1998． 14(2) :101～115
[20] 杨欣.高国英.1997年伽师强震群序列特征和震源机制的初步研究.地震学报.1998,20(6) :573～579 Yang X,Gao G Y.A preliminary study on the sequence characteristics and focal mechanism solution of the Jiashi strong earthquake swarm.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),1998． 20(6) :573～579
[21] 单新建,何玉梅,朱燕等.新疆伽师强震群的震源破裂特征.地震地质,2002． 24(1) :59～68 Shan X J,He Y M.Zhu Y.et al.Characteristics of focal reputure of the Jiashi strong earthquake swarm.Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),2002,24(1) :59～68
[22] 赵翠萍.1997～2003年新疆伽师震源区特征的地震学方法研究[博士论文].北京:中国地震局地球物理研究所.2006 Zhao C P.Seismological studies on the characteristics of Jiashi source region from 1997～2003[Ph.D.thesis](in Chinese).Beijing:Institute of Geophysics,China Earth-quake Administration,2006
[23] 赵翠萍.陈章立,郑斯华等.伽师震源区中等强度地震矩张量反演及其应力场特征.地球物理学报,2008,51(3) :782～792 Zhao C P.Chen Z L,Zheng S H,et al.Moment Inversion of moderate earthquakes and the locally perturbed stress field in the Jiashi source region.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese).2008． 51(3) :782～792
[24] Atkinson G M,Boore D M.Evaluation of models for earthquake source spectra in Eastern North America.Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,1998,88:917～934
[25] 姜慧.地震动随机模拟方法中的场地效应研究[博士论文].北京:中国地震局地球物理研究所,2005 Jiang H.Study on site effects of stochastic simulation of earthquake ground motions[Ph.D,thesis](in Chinese).Beijing:Institute of Geophysics,China Earthquake Administration,2005
[26] Anderson J G,Hough S.A model for the shape of the fourier amplitude spectrum of acceleration at high frequencies.Bull. Seism.Soc.Am.,1984,74(5) :1969～1993
[27] Boore D M,Joyner W B.Site amplifications for generic rock sites.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1997,87(2) :327～341
[28] Saragoni G R,Hart G C.Simulation of artificial earthquakes.Earthq.Eng.Struct.Dyn.,1974,2:249～267
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心